main.Rmd

---
title: <div style = "width:80%; margin:auto"><h1 style = "font-size:75%; font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;text-align:center; margin-bottom:50px; margin-top:50px;">Data-Driven Analysis of the Federal Elections for the Presidency and the Senate</h1></div>
author: <div style = "width:80%; margin:auto"><h2 style = "font-size:90W%; font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal; text-align:center;">Allen Lin</h2></div>
date: <div style = "width:80%; margin:auto"><h2 style = "font-size:90%; font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal; text-align:center;">6/27/20</h2></div>
output: html_document
runtime: shiny
---

<style type="text/css">
*{
  font-family:Roboto;
  font-style:normal;
  background-color:#f5f5f5;
}
.main-container {
  max-width: 1800px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.hr-style {
    border: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background: #333;
    background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #ccc, #333, #ccc);
    width:90%;
    margin:auto;
    margin-top:50px;
    margin-bottom:50px;
}
</style>

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```

```{r, echo=FALSE,message=FALSE}
library(googleVis)
library(shiny)
library(RCurl)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(glmnet)
library(plotly)
electoral <- data.frame(
    "region" = state.name,
    "votes" = c(9,3,11,6,55,9,7,3,29,16,4,4,20,11,6,6,8,8,4,10,11,16,10,6,10,3,5,6,4
                ,14,5,29,15,3,18,7,7,20,4,9,3,11,38,6,3,13,12,5,10,3)
)
electoral2 <- data.frame(
    "region" = state.abb,
    "votes" = c(9,3,11,6,55,9,7,3,29,16,4,4,20,11,6,6,8,8,4,10,11,16,10,6,10,3,5,6,4
                ,14,5,29,15,3,18,7,7,20,4,9,3,11,38,6,3,13,12,5,10,3)
)

data <- read.csv("D:/Datasets/1976-2016-president.csv")
data <- filter(data, (party == "democrat" | party == "republican")  & (writein == FALSE)) 
data <- data %>%
    mutate(percent_votes = data$candidatevotes/data$totalvotes) %>%
    mutate(state = tolower(state))

data1 <- read.csv("D:/Datasets/1976-2018-senate.csv")
data1 <- filter(data1, (party == "democrat" | party == "republican")) 
data1 <- data1 %>%
    mutate(percent_votes = data1$candidatevotes/data1$totalvotes)


data_un <- read.csv("D:/Datasets/1976-2018-house2.csv")
data_un <- filter(data_un, (party == "democrat" | party == "republican")) 
data_un <- data_un %>%
    mutate(percent_votes = data_un$candidatevotes/data_un$totalvotes)
db = matrix(ncol = 4)
y = data_un[,1]
years = unique(as.data.frame(y))
for (i in 1:length(years[,1]))
{
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        state_data_r <- filter(data_un, state_po == s & party == "republican" & year == years[i,1])
        state_data_d <- filter(data_un, state_po == s & party == "democrat"  & year == years[i,1])
        per_r <- sum(state_data_r$candidatevotes)/sum(state_data_r$totalvotes)
        per_d<-sum(state_data_d$candidatevotes)/sum(state_data_d$totalvotes)
        db <- rbind(db, c(year = years[i,1], state_po = s, party="republican", percent_votes=per_r))
        db <- rbind(db, c(year = years[i,1], state_po = s, party="democrat", percent_votes=per_d))
    }
}
data2 = data.frame(db)[-1,]
data2<-data2[!(data2$percent_votes=='NaN'),]

calcPres<-function(){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d))
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = state.name[match(db[,1],state.abb)], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#b04545' ,'#eb0e0e', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))  
}

calcSen<-function(decade){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "republican" & year > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "democrat" & year > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        }
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d)) 
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = db[,1], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#c74132', '#cf311f', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))
}

calcHouse<-function(decade){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data2, state_po == s & party == "republican" 
                                   & as.numeric(year) > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data2, state_po == s & party == "democrat" 
                                   & as.numeric(year) > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data2, state_po == s & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data2, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        }
        lin_r <- lm(as.numeric(percent_votes) ~ as.numeric(year), data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(as.numeric(percent_votes) ~ as.numeric(year), data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d)) 
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = db[,1], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#cf311f', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G,dframe))
}

createStatePlot <- function(st, version){
        st = tolower(st)
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state == st & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state == st & party == "democrat")
        c1<-cor.test(state_data_r$percent_votes, state_data_r$year, method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(state_data_d$percent_votes, state_data_d$year, method="pearson")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
}
```

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Abstract</b></h2>
<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Motivation</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

******

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Base Statistic Analysis</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h4 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h4></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto;">
```{r, eval = FALSE}
myData <- subset(data, (year>(myYear()-1)) & (year < (myYear()+1)) & party == "democrat")
gvisGeoChart(myData, 
 locationvar = "state", colorvar = "percent_votes", 
 options=list(region = "US", displayMode = "regions",
              resolution = "provinces",
              width = 800, height = 500,
              colorAxis="{colors:['#FFFFFF', '#0000FF']}"))
```
</div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto;">
```{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE}
shinyApp(
ui = fluidPage(
  mainPanel(
    align = "center",
    h3(textOutput("year")),
    sliderInput("Year", "Election year to be displayed:", 
                    min=1976, max=2016, value=2016,  step=4,
                    format="###0",animate=TRUE),
   checkboxInput("dem", "View Democratic Side", value = FALSE),
    htmlOutput("gvis2"),
    width = 12
  )
),
server = function(input, output){
  dem <- reactive({
        input$dem
    })
  myYear <- reactive({
        input$Year
    })
  output$year <- renderText({
        if (dem() == TRUE)
        {
            paste("Percentage of votes for the Democratic Party in the Election of ", myYear(), "in each State")       
        }
        else
        {
            
            paste("Percentage of votes for the Republican Party in the Election of ", myYear(), "in each State")
        }
    })
  output$gvis2<-renderGvis({
        if (dem() == TRUE)
        {
            myData <- subset(data, 
                             (year>(myYear()-1)) & (year < (myYear()+1)) & party == "democrat")
            gvisGeoChart(myData, 
                         locationvar = "state", colorvar = "percent_votes", 
                         options=list(region = "US", displayMode = "regions",
                                      resolution = "provinces",
                                      width = 800, height = 500,
                                      colorAxis="{colors:['#FFFFFF', '#0000FF']}"))
        }
        else
        {
            myData <- subset(data, 
                             (year>(myYear()-1)) & (year < (myYear()+1)) & party == "republican")
            gvisGeoChart(myData, 
                         locationvar = "state", colorvar = "percent_votes", 
                         options=list(region = "US", displayMode = "regions",
                                      resolution = "provinces",
                                      width = 800, height = 500,
                                      colorAxis="{colors:['#FFFFFF', '#FF0000']}"))
        }
    })
},
options = list(width = "100%", height = 700)
)
```
</div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

******

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Linear Regression Models for Each State</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:90%; margin:auto;">
```{r, eval = FALSE}
createStatePlot <- function(st, version){
  st = tolower(st)
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state == st & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state == st & party == "democrat")
        c1<-cor.test(state_data_r$percent_votes, state_data_r$year, method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(state_data_d$percent_votes, state_data_d$year, method="pearson")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
}
```
</div>

<div style = "width:90%; margin:auto;">
```{r,echo=FALSE,message=FALSE}
createStatePlot <- function(st, version){
    if (version == "pres"){
        st = tolower(st)
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state == st & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state == st & party == "democrat")
        #lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        c1<-cor.test(state_data_r$percent_votes, state_data_r$year, method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(state_data_d$percent_votes, state_data_d$year, method="pearson")
        #p1 <- plot_ly(data=state_data_r, x = ~year, y = ~percent_votes, name = "Title Here", type = "scatter")
        #p2 <- plot_ly(data=state_data_d, x = ~year, y = ~percent_votes, name = "Title Here", type = "scatter")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        #p1<-ggplotly(g1)
        #p2<-ggplotly(g2)
        #g1 <- plot_ly(state_data_r, x = ~year, y = ~percent_votes, color = "red", type = 'scatter', mode = 'line') %>%
          #layout(title = "This is a title",
          #       xaxis = list(title = "Year"),
          #       yaxis = list(title = "Percent of Votes"))
        #g2 <- plot_ly(state_data_d, x = ~year, y = ~percent_votes, color = "blue", type = 'scatter', mode = 'line') %>%
          #layout(title = "This is a title",
          #       xaxis = list(title = "Year"),
          #       yaxis = list(title = "Percent of Votes"))
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
    }
}
shinyApp(
ui = fluidPage(
  mainPanel(
    align = "center",
    selectInput(inputId = "state_choices", label = "State",
                    choices = state.name),
    splitLayout(h4("Republican Percent of Votes"), h4("Democratic Percent of Votes")),
    splitLayout(plotOutput("stateData1"),
                plotOutput("stateData2")),
    br(),
    splitLayout(h4("Correlation between year and percentage of votes for Republicans"),
                h4("Correlation between year and percentage of votes for Democrats")),
    splitLayout(h5(textOutput("correl1")),
                h5(textOutput("correl2"))),
    width = 12
  )
),
server = function(input, output){
  select_state <- reactive({
        input$state_choices
    })
  output$stateData1 <- renderPlot({
        createStatePlot(select_state(), "pres")[3]
    })
    
    output$stateData2 <- renderPlot({
        createStatePlot(select_state(), "pres")[4]
    })
    
    output$correl1 <- renderText({
        as.numeric(createStatePlot(select_state(), "pres")[[1]][4])
    })
    
    
    output$correl2 <- renderText({
        as.numeric(createStatePlot(select_state(), "pres")[[2]][4])
    })
},
options = list(width = "100%", height = 700)
)
```
</div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

******

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Presidential Election of 2020 Voting Predictions for each State</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:90%;margin:auto;">
```{r,eval=FALSE}
calcPres<-function(){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d))
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = state.name[match(db[,1],state.abb)], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#b04545' ,'#eb0e0e', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))  
}
```
</div>

<div style = "width:90%;margin:auto;">
```{r, echo = FALSE}
calcPres<-function(){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican")
        state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d))
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = state.name[match(db[,1],state.abb)], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#b04545' ,'#eb0e0e', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))  
}

shinyApp(
ui = fluidPage(
  mainPanel(
    align = "center",
    splitLayout(h3(textOutput("republican_electoral")),
                    h3(textOutput("democratic_electoral"))),
    h3(textOutput("data_title")),
    htmlOutput("gvis"),
    width = 12
  )
),

server = function(input, output){
  output$data_title <- renderText({
        paste("Estimated Proportion of Republican to Democratic Votes in the 2020 Election ", graphVersion(), "Regression Model")
    })
  
  output$data_title <- renderText({
        paste("Estimated Proportion of Republican to Democratic Votes in the 2020 Election By Presidential Regression Model")
    })
  
  output$republican_electoral<-renderText({
      dfr = inner_join(calcPres()[2][[1]], electoral, by = ("region"))
      paste("Electoral Votes for Republicans:", sum((filter(dfr, value > 1))$votes))
    })
  output$democratic_electoral<-renderText({
      dfr = inner_join(calcPres()[2][[1]], electoral, by = ("region"))
      paste("Electoral Votes for Democrats:", sum((filter(dfr, value < 1))$votes))
    })
  output$gvis <- renderGvis({
      calcPres()[1][[1]]
    })
},
options = list(width = "100%", height = 700)
)
```
</div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

******

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Selection of Swing States</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

```{r, eval=FALSE}
# Dataframe with each state and its predicted corresponding voting proportion in 2020
dframe = data.frame(region = db[,1], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
d1<-dframe %>% arrange(abs(value-1)) %>% slice(c(1:10))

# Creates a new column that indicates the swing states (states with values closest to 1)
dframe<-dframe%>%
  mutate(isten = as.integer(as.numeric(dframe$region %in% d1$region)))
```

```{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE}
db = matrix(ncol = 2)
for (s in state.abb)
    {
      state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican")
      state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
      lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
      lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
      coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
      coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
      next_y <- 2020
      expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
      expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
      db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d))
}
dframe = data.frame(region = db[,1], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
d1<-dframe %>% arrange(abs(value-1)) %>% slice(c(1:10))
dframe<-dframe%>%
mutate(isten = as.integer(as.numeric(dframe$region %in% d1$region)))
dframe$hover <- with(dframe, paste(region, "<br>", "Is Swing State?", isten))
borders = list(color=toRGB("purple"))
map_options <- list(
scope = "usa",
projection = list(type="albers usa")
)

shinyApp(
  ui = fluidPage(
  mainPanel(
    align = "center",
    plotlyOutput("swing"),
    width = 12
    )
  ),
  server = function(input, output){
  output$swing = renderPlotly({
    chart <- plot_ly(dframe, z = ~isten, text = ~hover, locations=~region, 
            type = "choropleth", locationmode = "USA-states",
            color = ~isten, colors = "Greens", marker = list(line = borders)) %>%
      layout(title = "Percent Votes Cast for Clinton in the 2016 Election<br><br>", geo = map_options)
  })
}
)

  
```

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

******

<hr class = "hr-style">
<h2 style = "text-align:center; margin-bottom:20px"><b>Expansion of Code to Senate Election and House Election</b></h2>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:90%;margin:auto;">
```{r, eval=FALSE}
calcSen<-function(decade){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "republican" & year > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "democrat" & year > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state_po == s & party == "democrat")
        }
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d)) 
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = db[,1], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#c74132', '#cf311f', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))
}
```
</div>

<div style = "width:90%;margin:auto;">
```{r, echo = FALSE}
calcPres_NEW<-function(decade){
    db = matrix(ncol = 2)
    for (s in state.abb)
    {
        if(decade==TRUE)
        {
          state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican" & year >1999)
          state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat" & year >1999)
        }
        else
        {
          state_data_r <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "republican")
          state_data_d <- filter(data, state_po == s & party == "democrat") 
        }
        lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        lin_d <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_d)
        coeffs_r <- coefficients(lin_r)
        coeffs_d <- coefficients(lin_d)
        next_y <- 2020
        expected_r = coeffs_r[1] + coeffs_r[2]* next_y
        expected_d = coeffs_d[1] + coeffs_d[2] * next_y
        db <- rbind(db, c(s, expected_r / expected_d))
    }
    dframe = data.frame(region = state.name[match(db[,1],state.abb)], value = as.numeric(db[,2]))[-1,]
    G <- gvisGeoChart(dframe, "region", "value",
                      options=list(region="US", displayMode="regions",
                                   colors="['#0d00ff', '#b04545' ,'#eb0e0e', '#ff0000']",
                                   resolution="provinces",
                                   width=800, height=500))
    return(list(G, dframe))  
}

createStatePlot_NEW <- function(st, version, decade){
    if (version == "pres"){
        st = tolower(st)
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data, state == st & party == "republican" & year > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data, state == st & party == "democrat" & year > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data, state == st & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data, state == st & party == "democrat")
        }
        #lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        c1<-cor.test(state_data_r$percent_votes, state_data_r$year, method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(state_data_d$percent_votes, state_data_d$year, method="pearson")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
    }else if (version == "senate"){
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state == st & party == "republican" & year > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state == st & party == "democrat" & year > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data1, state == st & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data1, state == st & party == "democrat")
        }
        #lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        c1<-cor.test(state_data_r$percent_votes, state_data_r$year, method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(state_data_d$percent_votes, state_data_d$year, method="pearson")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = year, y = percent_votes)) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
    }else{
        st = state.abb[match(st, state.name)]
        if (decade == TRUE)
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data2, state_po == st & party == "republican" & year > 1999)
            state_data_d <- filter(data2, state_po == st & party == "democrat" & year > 1999)
        }
        else
        {
            state_data_r <- filter(data2, state_po == st & party == "republican")
            state_data_d <- filter(data2, state_po == st & party == "democrat")
        }
        #lin_r <- lm(percent_votes ~ year, data = state_data_r)
        c1<-cor.test(as.numeric(state_data_r$percent_votes), as.numeric(state_data_r$year)
                     , method="pearson")
        c2<-cor.test(as.numeric(state_data_d$percent_votes), as.numeric(state_data_d$year)
                     , method="pearson")
        g1 <- ggplot(data = state_data_r, aes(x = as.numeric(year), y = as.numeric(percent_votes))) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        g2 <- ggplot(data = state_data_d, aes(x = as.numeric(year), y = as.numeric(percent_votes))) + geom_line() +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm")
        return(list(c1, c2, g1, g2))
    }
}

shinyApp(
ui = fluidPage(
  titlePanel(
        h1("2020 Elections Predictions and Analysis", align = "center")
    ),
    sidebarPanel(
        radioButtons(inputId = "graph_choices", label = "Type of Analysis",
                     choices = c("By Presidential", "By Senatorial", "By House")),
        br(),
        selectInput(inputId = "state_choices", label = "State",
                    choices = state.name),
        splitLayout(h4("Republican Percent of Votes"), h4("Democratic Percent of Votes")),
        splitLayout(plotOutput("stateData1"),
                    plotOutput("stateData2")),
        br(),
        splitLayout(h4("Correlation between year and percentage of votes for Republicans"),
                    h4("Correlation between year and percentage of votes for Democrats")),
        splitLayout(h5(textOutput("correl1")),
                    h5(textOutput("correl2"))),
        width = 6
    ),
    
    mainPanel(
        splitLayout(h3(textOutput("republican_electoral")),
                    h3(textOutput("democratic_electoral"))),
        h3(textOutput("data_title")),
        checkboxInput("decade", "Calculate Regression from 2000+ only", value = FALSE),
        htmlOutput("gvis"),
        width = 6
    )
),

server = function(input, output){
    
    graphVersion <- reactive({
        input$graph_choices
    })
    
    select_state <- reactive({
        input$state_choices
    })
    
    output$data_title <- renderText({
        paste("Estimated Proportion of Republican to Democratic Votes in the 2020 Election ", graphVersion(), "Regression Model")
    })
    
    output$year <- renderText({
        if (dem() == TRUE)
        {
            paste("Percentage of votes for the Democratic Party in the Election of ", myYear(), "in each State")       
        }
        else
        {
            
            paste("Percentage of votes for the Republican Party in the Election of ", myYear(), "in each State")
        }
    })
    
    decade <- reactive({
        input$decade
    })
    
    dem <- reactive({
        input$dem
    })
    
    output$republican_electoral<-renderText({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Presidential....")
            dfr = inner_join(calcPres_NEW(decade())[2][[1]], electoral, by = ("region"))
            paste("Electoral Votes for Republicans:", sum((filter(dfr, value > 1))$votes))
                    
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Senatorial...")
            dfr = inner_join(calcSen(decade())[2][[1]], electoral2, by = ("region"))
            #paste("Electoral Votes for Republicans:", sum((filter(dfr, value > 1))$votes))
            paste("")
        } else{
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing House...")
            dfr = inner_join(calcHouse(decade())[2][[1]], electoral2, by = ("region"))
            #paste("Electoral Votes for Republicans:", sum((filter(dfr, value > 1))$votes))
            paste("")
        }
    })
    
    output$democratic_electoral<-renderText({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Presidential....")
            dfr = inner_join(calcPres_NEW(decade())[2][[1]], electoral, by = ("region"))
            paste("Electoral Votes for Democrats:", sum((filter(dfr, value < 1))$votes))
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Senatorial...")
            dfr = inner_join(calcSen(decade())[2][[1]], electoral2, by = ("region"))
            #paste("Electoral Votes for Democrats:", sum((filter(dfr, value < 1))$votes))
            paste("")
        } else{
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing House...")
            dfr = inner_join(calcHouse(decade())[2][[1]], electoral2, by = ("region"))
            #paste("Electoral Votes for Democrats:", sum((filter(dfr, value < 1))$votes))
            paste("")
        }
    })
    
    
    output$gvis <- renderGvis({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Presidential....")
            calcPres_NEW(decade())[1][[1]]
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing Senatorial...")
            calcSen(decade())[1][[1]]
        } else{
            #cat(file = stderr(), "Doing House...")
            calcHouse(decade())[1][[1]]
        }
    })
    
    output$stateData1 <- renderPlot({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "pres",decade())[3]
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "senate",decade())[3]
        } else{
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "house",decade())[3]
        }
    })
    
    output$stateData2 <- renderPlot({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "pres",decade())[4]
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "senate",decade())[4]
        } else{
            createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "house",decade())[4]
        }
    })
    
    output$correl1 <- renderText({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "pres",decade())[[1]][4])
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "senate",decade())[[1]][4])
        } else{
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "house",decade())[[1]][4])
        }
    })
    
    
    output$correl2 <- renderText({
        if(graphVersion()=="By Presidential")
        {
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "pres",decade())[[2]][4])
        } else if (graphVersion()=="By Senatorial"){
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "senate",decade())[[2]][4])
        } else{
            as.numeric(createStatePlot_NEW(select_state(), "house",decade())[[2]][4])
        }
    })
},
options = list(width = "100%", height = 700)
)
```
</div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

<div style = "width:80%; margin:auto; margin-bottom:30px;"><h3 style = "text-indent: 2.0em;">First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it! First of all, a little bit of introduction about myself. My name is Allen Lin and I am currently a high school senior. I've been doing computer science very passionately for the last two year and a half years. Topics that I have been interested in specifically are of course data science and analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic theory. I have also experimented in the fields of AI, game design, application design, and of course UI and UX. This project is one that is very beloved and I am glad you are taking the time to view it!</h3></div>

## Inputs and Outputs

You can embed Shiny inputs and outputs in your document. Outputs are automatically updated whenever inputs change.  This demonstrates how a standard R plot can be made interactive by wrapping it in the Shiny `renderPlot` function. The `selectInput` and `sliderInput` functions create the input widgets used to drive the plot.



## Embedded Application

It's also possible to embed an entire Shiny application within an R Markdown document using the `shinyAppDir` function. This example embeds a Shiny application located in another directory:


Note the use of the `height` parameter to determine how much vertical space the embedded application should occupy.

You can also use the `shinyApp` function to define an application inline rather then in an external directory.

In all of R code chunks above the `echo = FALSE` attribute is used. This is to prevent the R code within the chunk from rendering in the document alongside the Shiny components.