diff --git a/libcst/metadata/scope_provider.py b/libcst/metadata/scope_provider.py
index 39fb33c57..7886f458d 100644
--- a/libcst/metadata/scope_provider.py
+++ b/libcst/metadata/scope_provider.py
@@ -36,6 +36,25 @@
 )
 
 
+_ASSIGNMENT_LIKE_NODES = (
+    cst.AnnAssign,
+    cst.AsName,
+    cst.Assign,
+    cst.AugAssign,
+    cst.ClassDef,
+    cst.CompFor,
+    cst.For,
+    cst.FunctionDef,
+    cst.Global,
+    cst.Import,
+    cst.ImportFrom,
+    cst.NamedExpr,
+    cst.Nonlocal,
+    cst.Parameters,
+    cst.WithItem,
+)
+
+
 @add_slots
 @dataclass(frozen=False)
 class Access:
@@ -68,6 +87,7 @@ def __new__(cls) -> "Tree":
     is_type_hint: bool
 
     __assignments: Set["BaseAssignment"]
+    __index: int
 
     def __init__(
         self, node: cst.Name, scope: "Scope", is_annotation: bool, is_type_hint: bool
@@ -77,6 +97,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.is_annotation = is_annotation
         self.is_type_hint = is_type_hint
         self.__assignments = set()
+        self.__index = scope._assignment_count
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return id(self)
@@ -86,11 +107,25 @@ def referents(self) -> Collection["BaseAssignment"]:
         """Return all assignments of the access."""
         return self.__assignments
 
-    def record_assignment(self, assignment: "BaseAssignment") -> None:
-        self.__assignments.add(assignment)
+    @property
+    def _index(self) -> int:
+        return self.__index
 
-    def record_assignments(self, assignments: Set["BaseAssignment"]) -> None:
-        self.__assignments |= assignments
+    def record_assignment(self, assignment: "BaseAssignment") -> None:
+        if assignment.scope != self.scope or assignment._index < self.__index:
+            self.__assignments.add(assignment)
+
+    def record_assignments(self, name: str) -> None:
+        assignments = self.scope[name]
+        # filter out assignments that happened later than this access
+        previous_assignments = {
+            assignment
+            for assignment in assignments
+            if assignment.scope != self.scope or assignment._index < self.__index
+        }
+        if not previous_assignments and assignments:
+            previous_assignments = self.scope.parent[name]
+        self.__assignments |= previous_assignments
 
 
 class BaseAssignment(abc.ABC):
@@ -109,10 +144,22 @@ def __init__(self, name: str, scope: "Scope") -> None:
         self.__accesses = set()
 
     def record_access(self, access: Access) -> None:
-        self.__accesses.add(access)
+        if access.scope != self.scope or self._index < access._index:
+            self.__accesses.add(access)
 
     def record_accesses(self, accesses: Set[Access]) -> None:
-        self.__accesses |= accesses
+        later_accesses = {
+            access
+            for access in accesses
+            if access.scope != self.scope or self._index < access._index
+        }
+        self.__accesses |= later_accesses
+        earlier_accesses = accesses - later_accesses
+        if earlier_accesses and self.scope.parent != self.scope:
+            # Accesses "earlier" than the relevant assignment should be attached
+            # to assignments of the same name in the parent
+            for shadowed_assignment in self.scope.parent[self.name]:
+                shadowed_assignment.record_accesses(earlier_accesses)
 
     @property
     def references(self) -> Collection[Access]:
@@ -123,6 +170,11 @@ def references(self) -> Collection[Access]:
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return id(self)
 
+    @property
+    def _index(self) -> int:
+        """Return an integer that represents the order of assignments in `scope`"""
+        return -1
+
 
 class Assignment(BaseAssignment):
     """An assignment records the name, CSTNode and its accesses."""
@@ -130,11 +182,19 @@ class Assignment(BaseAssignment):
     #: The node of assignment, it could be a :class:`~libcst.Import`, :class:`~libcst.ImportFrom`,
     #: :class:`~libcst.Name`, :class:`~libcst.FunctionDef`, or :class:`~libcst.ClassDef`.
     node: cst.CSTNode
+    __index: int
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, scope: "Scope", node: cst.CSTNode) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, scope: "Scope", node: cst.CSTNode, index: int
+    ) -> None:
         self.node = node
+        self.__index = index
         super().__init__(name, scope)
 
+    @property
+    def _index(self) -> int:
+        return self.__index
+
 
 # even though we don't override the constructor.
 class BuiltinAssignment(BaseAssignment):
@@ -318,6 +378,7 @@ class Scope(abc.ABC):
     globals: "GlobalScope"
     _assignments: MutableMapping[str, Set[BaseAssignment]]
     _accesses: MutableMapping[str, Set[Access]]
+    _assignment_count: int
 
     def __init__(self, parent: "Scope") -> None:
         super().__init__()
@@ -325,9 +386,12 @@ def __init__(self, parent: "Scope") -> None:
         self.globals = parent.globals
         self._assignments = defaultdict(set)
         self._accesses = defaultdict(set)
+        self._assignment_count = 0
 
     def record_assignment(self, name: str, node: cst.CSTNode) -> None:
-        self._assignments[name].add(Assignment(name=name, scope=self, node=node))
+        self._assignments[name].add(
+            Assignment(name=name, scope=self, node=node, index=self._assignment_count)
+        )
 
     def record_access(self, name: str, access: Access) -> None:
         self._accesses[name].add(access)
@@ -934,7 +998,7 @@ def infer_accesses(self) -> None:
                         break
 
             scope_name_accesses[(access.scope, name)].add(access)
-            access.record_assignments(access.scope[name])
+            access.record_assignments(name)
             access.scope.record_access(name, access)
 
         for (scope, name), accesses in scope_name_accesses.items():
@@ -945,6 +1009,8 @@ def infer_accesses(self) -> None:
 
     def on_leave(self, original_node: cst.CSTNode) -> None:
         self.provider.set_metadata(original_node, self.scope)
+        if isinstance(original_node, _ASSIGNMENT_LIKE_NODES):
+            self.scope._assignment_count += 1
         super().on_leave(original_node)
 
 
diff --git a/libcst/metadata/tests/test_scope_provider.py b/libcst/metadata/tests/test_scope_provider.py
index f04efa05b..e54bbff99 100644
--- a/libcst/metadata/tests/test_scope_provider.py
+++ b/libcst/metadata/tests/test_scope_provider.py
@@ -1329,3 +1329,105 @@ def test_gen_dotted_names(self) -> None:
             )
         }
         self.assertEqual(names, {"a.b.c", "a.b", "a"})
+
+    def test_ordering(self) -> None:
+        m, scopes = get_scope_metadata_provider(
+            """
+            from a import b
+            class X:
+                x = b
+                b = b
+                y = b
+            """
+        )
+        global_scope = scopes[m]
+        import_stmt = ensure_type(
+            ensure_type(m.body[0], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0], cst.ImportFrom
+        )
+        first_assignment = list(global_scope.assignments)[0]
+        assert isinstance(first_assignment, cst.metadata.Assignment)
+        self.assertEqual(first_assignment.node, import_stmt)
+        global_refs = list(first_assignment.references)
+        self.assertEqual(len(global_refs), 2)
+        class_def = ensure_type(m.body[1], cst.ClassDef)
+        x = ensure_type(
+            ensure_type(class_def.body.body[0], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0],
+            cst.Assign,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(x.value, global_refs[0].node)
+        class_b = ensure_type(
+            ensure_type(class_def.body.body[1], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0],
+            cst.Assign,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(class_b.value, global_refs[1].node)
+
+        class_accesses = list(scopes[x].accesses)
+        self.assertEqual(len(class_accesses), 3)
+        self.assertIn(
+            class_b.targets[0].target,
+            [
+                ref.node
+                for acc in class_accesses
+                for ref in acc.referents
+                if isinstance(ref, Assignment)
+            ],
+        )
+        y = ensure_type(
+            ensure_type(class_def.body.body[2], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0],
+            cst.Assign,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(y.value, [access.node for access in class_accesses])
+
+    def test_ordering_between_scopes(self) -> None:
+        m, scopes = get_scope_metadata_provider(
+            """
+            def f(a):
+                print(a)
+                print(b)
+            a = 1
+            b = 1
+            """
+        )
+        f = cst.ensure_type(m.body[0], cst.FunctionDef)
+        a_param = f.params.params[0].name
+        a_param_assignment = list(scopes[a_param]["a"])[0]
+        a_param_refs = list(a_param_assignment.references)
+        first_print = cst.ensure_type(
+            cst.ensure_type(
+                cst.ensure_type(f.body.body[0], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0],
+                cst.Expr,
+            ).value,
+            cst.Call,
+        )
+        second_print = cst.ensure_type(
+            cst.ensure_type(
+                cst.ensure_type(f.body.body[1], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0],
+                cst.Expr,
+            ).value,
+            cst.Call,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            first_print.args[0].value,
+            a_param_refs[0].node,
+        )
+        a_global = (
+            cst.ensure_type(
+                cst.ensure_type(m.body[1], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0], cst.Assign
+            )
+            .targets[0]
+            .target
+        )
+        a_global_assignment = list(scopes[a_global]["a"])[0]
+        a_global_refs = list(a_global_assignment.references)
+        self.assertEqual(a_global_refs, [])
+        b_global = (
+            cst.ensure_type(
+                cst.ensure_type(m.body[2], cst.SimpleStatementLine).body[0], cst.Assign
+            )
+            .targets[0]
+            .target
+        )
+        b_global_assignment = list(scopes[b_global]["b"])[0]
+        b_global_refs = list(b_global_assignment.references)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b_global_refs), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(b_global_refs[0].node, second_print.args[0].value)