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Awesome Last is a public and community-driven resource for blockchain & web3 development inspired by awesome. Maintained by the devs at last.net, it's the LAST developer resource you need! You are welcome to contribute to this resource - reach out for more info in the Last social channels.
- Introduction to Web3 Development
- Developer Tools
- Build on Ethereum
- Build on Cosmos
- Become DeFi Developer
- Utility Chain
- Cosmos SDK
- Comet BFT
- THORChain
- Threshold Signature Schemes, Churn Module, Node Bonding Design, Bifrost Module
- Utility Chain Node Operators
- Last L2
- Rollkit
- Artela
- RPCs
- Block Explorers
- Staked Assets
- ve Governance
- Introduction to DeFi
- Awesome DeFi Publications & Tutorials
- Last Channels and Links
Developer Introduction to development and starting your Web3 developer journey:
- If you are new to development Zero to One Web Dev Guide is a place to start your journey
- How Does Ethereum Work required reading to understand how Ethereum blockchain works
- How To Become A Blockchain Developer overview of terms that you should be familiar with prior starting with blockchain development, being familiar with those terms will make it easier for you to kickstart blockchain development
- Web2 to Web3 🚀 — Week 2, Day 1: Scripting and Smart Contracts! Providers, Signers, and Wallets from Austin Griffith
- Introduction to Ethereum Development tutorial by Austin Griffith
- The Complete Guide to Full Stack Web3 Development by Nader Dabit
- Blockchain Developer | How to learn everything you need to become one
- Foundation of Ethereum Development Stack Ethereum.org
- Learn Solidity, Blockchain Development, & Smart Contracts | Powered By AI - Full Course (0 - 6) by Patrick Collins
- devpill.me huge resource for all things Ethereum and Go by DCBuilder
- SpeedRunEthereum quests on building on Ethereum by Austin Griffith
- Worry-free Web3: Getting Started with Web3 Development blog post where you can find much more tutorials and basic tools!
- Solidity by Example an amazing resource on Solidity language contracts, functions, events, applications primitives... This is a huge resource that every developer, building dapps on EVM will find helpful
Ethereum Development Environments:
- Hardhat for developing Ethereum Contracts and dApps in JavaScript
- Foundry manages your dependencies, compiles your project, runs tests, deploys, and lets you interact with the chain from the command line and via Solidity scripts. Supports Rust and Solidity Solidity:
- solidity lang official website
- Introduction to Smart Contracts in Solidity Golang:
- Install Go
- Ethereum for Go Developers huge resource of tutorials, tools and further reading
- Introduction to Go Language
- Tour of Go is an interactive way to try programming in Go. This is an interactive window that lets you play with Go and test commands Cosmos:
- ELI5: What is IBC
- Spawn development platform for building custom modular Cosmos-SDK blockchains
- How to Become a DeFi Developer primer on what you should understand in DeFi ecosystem to consider yourself as a DeFi developer
- Ethereum Beige Paper simplified version of Ethereum's yellow paper
- How to Build a Crypto Project like an Aerospace Engineer Mirror blog post
- DeFi Adapter Library designed to simplify and standardize the process of fetching and interacting with data from various DeFi protocols, which often have unique interfaces and data structures. By MetaMask.
Interactive Development Environments - Write, test, and deploy smart contracts
- Remix
- Altlas IDE
- ETH Build - Educational sandbox for Web3
- Scaffold ETH - Start building contracts, play with Solidity
- Smart Contract Libraries, APIs, SDKs
- Crypto Zombies Learn to write smart contracts by making your own crypto-collectibles game
- ETH.Build An Educational Sandbox For Web3... And Much More
- Introduction to Solidity Smart Contracts blog post
- Solidity School The first place for early developers to learn Solidity
Cosmos developer environments and learning resources
- CosmWasm Academy
- Cosmwasm Zero to Hero Learn CosmWasm so you can build Cosmos contracts
- Cosmwasm Lectures in Korean
- Area-52 Master CosmWasm and smart contracts in Rust. Learn how to build your own multichain applications! Similar to Cryptozombies, fun and interactive coding lessons
- Cosmology developer tools to help you build in the Cosmos ecosystem
- Cosmos Tutorials to learn how to build Cosmos app
- Osmosis Educational Library great source of cosmos education materials Deep dive into Cosmos ecosystem:
- Cosmos Hub is the first of thousands of interconnected blockchains that will eventually comprise the Cosmos Network. The primary token of the Cosmos Hub is the ATOM, but the Hub will support many tokens in the future.
- Build applications on CosmosSDK via Ignite CLI platform to build, launch, and maintain any crypto application on a sovereign and secured blockchain. It is a developer-friendly interface to the Cosmos SDK, this CLI generates boilerplate code for you, so you can focus on writing business logic.
CosmosSDK acts as the state machine for LUC. CosmosSDK is a framework for building blockchain applications in Go programming language. Cosmos SDK is used to build Gaia, the application implementation build for the Cosmos Hub.
- CosmosSDK Modules can be seen as little state-machines within the state-machine. They generally define a subset of the state using one or more KVStores in the main multistore and a subset of message types. These messages are routed by one of the main components of Cosmos SDK core, BaseApp, to a module Protobuf Msg service that defines them.
- Understand SDK Modules
- Learn to Build Via Cosmos SDK
- Introduction to App Specific Blockchains
- Anatomy of a Cosmos SDK Application
- Transaction Lifecycle of CosmosSDK Application
- Building Scalable Applications with the Cosmos SDK Introductory post about Cosmos SDK
The CometBFT module is part of the Cosmos SDK stack. CometBFT is the a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) middleware that takes a state transition machine - written in any programming language - and securely replicates it on many machines. It is a fork of Tendermint Core and implements the Tendermint consensus algorithm.
BTF stands for Byzantine-Fault Tolerant CometBFT is ABCI = Application Blockchain Interface package for networking and consensus layers of blockchain.
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Introduction to CometBFT CometBFT: The consensus engine that fuels the cosmos ecosystem blog post by Allisgar Merchant
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CometBFT is essential component of Cosmos blockchain app architecture. CometBFT is a blockchain application platform supporting state machines in any language. The language-agnostic CometBFT helps developers securely and consistently replicate deterministic, finite-state machines.
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Explore CometBFT Into the Details via documentation introduction
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Blockchain Architecture Explaining State Machine, CometBFT, ABCI
Last Utility Chain is using heavily modified version of THORChain using validator governance weighting, economic bonding, and churn models from Thorchain, but removing all swap features.The liquidity is handled by Last L2
- THORChain introduction docs page
- THORChain dev docs
- THORChain Vaults and the incentive pendulum video by Grassroots Crypto
- THORChain Network security part 1 video by Grassroots Crypto
- THORChain Network Security part 2 video by Grassroots Crypto
- THORChain - wait times and fees explained video by Grassroots Crypto
- THORChain - Consensus Failure video by Grassroots Crypto
TSS will be used on Last Utility Chain and is a part of the validator voting design structure. Last Utility Chain uses the Bifrost module for its twin-chain communication module.
- THORNode Overview docs page
- Validator Churn Mechanism
- Threshold Signature Schemes
- Under the Hood: Nodes blog post explaining node bonding mechanism
- Under the Hood: Asgard Vaults, TSS and Node Churns blog post
- Threshold Signatures: The Future of Private Keys blog post
- THORChain staking
- Sorting out Distributed Validator Technology blog post where TSS is mentioned
- Bifrost Signer docs page
The Last Utility Chain is a heavily modified Thorchain variant using validator governance weighting, economic bonding, and churn models from Thorchain, but removing all swap features.
- THORChain - Node Operator 101 - What You Need To Know! video by Grassroots Crypto
The Last L2 is the exection environment of Last L2 leveraging Artela and Rollkit
- Introducing Rollkit: a modular rollup framework blog post
- Rollkit introduction docs page
- Rollkit repo
- Settlement in the modular stack blog post
- Artela introduction doc page
- Overview Artela architecture overview
- Introducing Artela: A New Solution for Blockchain Extensibility | Kevin Yang - Artela talk from ETH Denver
- EVM++ Modular Execution Layer Now Live on Celestia! blog post
- Artela developer portal
At Last we are building native yield chain and so which means a lot of RPC calls needed to keep the protocol up and running smoothly
- What is Remote Procedure Call blog post
- JSON RPC API blog post
- Execution API Specification Collection of APIs provided by Ethereum execution layer clients
- Understanding RPC nodes ultimate guide blog post
- What is RPC node blog post
- How to create a private RPC endpoint blog post
- Why eRPC docs page
- How to add Alchemy RPC to Metamask blog post
- What Are RPC Nodes and Endpoints? The Complete Guide [2024] blog post
- APIs, RPCs, and Node Infrastructure - The Backbone of Web3 Development blog post
- Price comparison of Ethereum and EVM compatible RPC providers blog post
- Making JSON-RPC API calls to an Ethereum node in Amazon Managed Blockchain (AMB) blog post
RPC aggregators, explorers...
- RPC providers explorer 38 providers, 20 networks, 425 endpoints,12 regional probes, Indexers and APIs available too
- RPC info list of 298 available RPCs
- Chainlist list of EVM networks
- List of 29 RPC Node providers
- Run Base node from one command
Learn more about Block Explorers
- Blockchain Explorers what they are good for? blog post
- Smart Contract Watch A tool to monitor a number of smart contracts and transactions
- Block Explorers with Bunny from Dora Web3 Galaxy Brain podcast episode
- Lazy Scan an Ethereum blockchain explorer that can be used from your terminal
- Block explorers blog post page on Ethereum.org explaining the data that you can get
- List of 28 most popular block explorers Alchemy list
Staked assets are one of the sources of how value flows into the Last protocol.
- Staking Overview docs page by Rocketpool
- EigenLayer: How Restaking Will Transform Security for Ethereum-Based Protocols blog post by EigenLayer Community member
- Lido Community Staking: Overview blog post by Lido
ve style governance design is based on Gauges and Bribes. The ve(3,3) governance design is composed of 3 parts:
- Gauge system
- Bribe for votes
- Emissions that are paid out to wallets that stake assets in the gauge
The idea behind ve(3,3) governance model is that you (as user and developer) can influence the will of the voters with an incentive to direct emissions to the party providing something that you want. For example, Curve uses ve style governance to bribe liquidity in specific pools.
- ve(3,3
- Gauges: The Foundational Governance Innovation of DeFi Blog post
- Solidly — A High-Level Overview blog post
- On Solidly blog post outlining how Solidly works, it highly influenced how LAST ve Governance works.
- Gauges Overview by Curve docs
- Gauges for EVM Sidechains by Curve docs
- ve(3,3) blog post by Andre Cronje
- Voting and Gauge Weights Convex Finance docs
- Gauge Frax Finance docs explaining in more depths how Gauge works
- Options Liquidity Mining Poolshark docs, Last is utilizing OLM mechanism design for its governance
- Deploying a Gauge Bunni docs. This is an example of how to deploy gauge by Bunni. Bunni is using a very similar governance model to Curve.
- A Closer Look at ve(3,3) by Vesper Finance
List of amazing DeFi introduction articles and videos:
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What is DEFI? Decentralized Finance Explained (Ethereum, MakerDAO, Compound, Uniswap, Kyber) YouTube video
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What is DeFi and How it Works blog post
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Governing the gateway to DeFi blog post by Infinex
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Sovereign Pool docs page by Valantis
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Governance Process Overview docs page by Sommelier
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Euler v2 blog post
- AToken docs page by Aave
- Harvest protocol docs page
List of amazing DeFi and Last related publications:
- Stuffed Blocks Substack by Tony Sheng
- Kerman Kohli Substack full of amazing DeFi resources!
- Kerman Kohli YouTube short video explanations
- Wrong a Lot Substack by Matti from ZeePrime capital
- THORChain University Great blog posts about THORChain which is apart of Last protocol design
- Layer 2 Weekly Roundup Substack by Scroll community manager of updates about L2s out there
- The Daily Gwei Daily YouTube podcast about the ecosystem
- Evaluating Ethereum L2 Scaling Solutions: A Comparison Framework blog post by Matter Labs, a bit older post but still interesting to understand the progress we've made in past years!
List of amazing L2 and scaling related blogs:
- The Scaling Wars quick read on the The Daily Gwei Substack
- Governance Decides Where Ethereum Transacts: The L2 Governance Race Blog post by Tally
Official Last social media channels: