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tools.html
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color: #ffffff; --text-color: #333333; --select-text-bg-color: #B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color: auto; --monospace: "Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height: 20px; }
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.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
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mjx-container { break-inside: avoid; }
.md-alert.md-alert-note { border-left-color: rgb(9, 105, 218); }
.md-alert.md-alert-important { border-left-color: rgb(130, 80, 223); }
.md-alert.md-alert-warning { border-left-color: rgb(154, 103, 0); }
.md-alert.md-alert-tip { border-left-color: rgb(31, 136, 61); }
.md-alert.md-alert-caution { border-left-color: rgb(207, 34, 46); }
.md-alert { padding: 0px 1em; margin-bottom: 16px; color: inherit; border-left: 0.25em solid rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-alert-text-note { color: rgb(9, 105, 218); }
.md-alert-text-important { color: rgb(130, 80, 223); }
.md-alert-text-warning { color: rgb(154, 103, 0); }
.md-alert-text-tip { color: rgb(31, 136, 61); }
.md-alert-text-caution { color: rgb(207, 34, 46); }
.md-alert-text { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 700; }
.md-alert-text svg { fill: currentcolor; position: relative; top: 0.125em; margin-right: 1ch; overflow: visible; }
.md-alert-text-container::after { content: attr(data-text); text-transform: capitalize; pointer-events: none; margin-right: 1ch; }
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.CodeMirror.cm-s-inner { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow: auto hidden; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgb(119, 0, 136); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom, .cm-s-inner.cm-atom { color: rgb(34, 17, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: rgb(0, 85, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: rgb(170, 17, 17); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-property { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgb(152, 26, 26); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-comment, .cm-s-inner.cm-comment { color: rgb(170, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string-2 { color: rgb(255, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-meta { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-qualifier { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: rgb(51, 0, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-bracket { color: rgb(153, 153, 119); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-tag { color: rgb(17, 119, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-attribute { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-header, .cm-s-inner.cm-header { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-quote, .cm-s-inner.cm-quote { color: rgb(0, 153, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-link, .cm-s-inner.cm-link { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: red; }
.cm-invalidchar { color: red; }
.cm-constant { color: rgb(38, 139, 210); }
.cm-defined { color: rgb(181, 137, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { height: 100%; outline: 0px; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-hscrollbar, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-vscrollbar { position: absolute; z-index: 6; display: none; outline: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-vscrollbar { right: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-hscrollbar { bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: auto hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler { left: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; z-index: 3; overflow-y: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-gutter { white-space: normal; height: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; padding-bottom: 30px; margin-bottom: -32px; display: inline-block; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper { position: absolute; z-index: 4; background: 0px 0px !important; border: none !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-background { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-elt { position: absolute; cursor: default; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-lines { cursor: text; }
.CodeMirror pre { border-radius: 0px; border-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: normal; color: inherit; z-index: 2; position: relative; overflow: visible; }
.CodeMirror-wrap pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal; }
.CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: 30px solid transparent; width: fit-content; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: none; width: auto; }
.CodeMirror-linebackground { position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 0; }
.CodeMirror-linewidget { position: relative; z-index: 2; overflow: auto; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right: none; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
span.cm-underlined { text-decoration: underline; }
span.cm-strikethrough { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-tw-syntaxerror { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(153, 0, 0); }
.cm-tw-deleted { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-tw-header5 { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-tw-listitem:first-child { padding-left: 10px; }
.cm-tw-box { border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-color: inherit; border-top-width: 0px !important; }
.cm-tw-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
@media print {
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}
:root {
--side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa;
--control-text-color: #777;
}
@include-when-export url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext);
/* open-sans-regular - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-italic - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-700 - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-700italic - latin-ext_latin */
html {
font-size: 16px;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body {
font-family: "Open Sans","Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 'Segoe UI Emoji', sans-serif;
color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
line-height: 1.6;
}
#write {
max-width: 860px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 30px;
padding-bottom: 100px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
#write {
max-width: 1024px;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) {
#write {
max-width: 1200px;
}
}
#write > ul:first-child,
#write > ol:first-child{
margin-top: 30px;
}
a {
color: #4183C4;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
position: relative;
margin-top: 1rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.4;
cursor: text;
}
h1:hover a.anchor,
h2:hover a.anchor,
h3:hover a.anchor,
h4:hover a.anchor,
h5:hover a.anchor,
h6:hover a.anchor {
text-decoration: none;
}
h1 tt,
h1 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h2 tt,
h2 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h3 tt,
h3 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h4 tt,
h4 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h5 tt,
h5 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h6 tt,
h6 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2.25em;
line-height: 1.2;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.75em;
line-height: 1.225;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
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.typora-export h1,
.typora-export h2 {
border-bottom: none;
padding-bottom: initial;
}
.typora-export h1::after,
.typora-export h2::after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 100px;
margin-top: -96px;
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
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}*/
h3 {
font-size: 1.5em;
line-height: 1.43;
}
h4 {
font-size: 1.25em;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1em;
}
h6 {
font-size: 1em;
color: #777;
}
p,
blockquote,
ul,
ol,
dl,
table{
margin: 0.8em 0;
}
li>ol,
li>ul {
margin: 0 0;
}
hr {
height: 2px;
padding: 0;
margin: 16px 0;
background-color: #e7e7e7;
border: 0 none;
overflow: hidden;
box-sizing: content-box;
}
li p.first {
display: inline-block;
}
ul,
ol {
padding-left: 30px;
}
ul:first-child,
ol:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
ul:last-child,
ol:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dfe2e5;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777;
}
blockquote blockquote {
padding-right: 0;
}
table {
padding: 0;
word-break: initial;
}
table tr {
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table tr:nth-child(2n),
thead {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
table th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
border-bottom: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px;
}
table td {
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px;
}
table th:first-child,
table td:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
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table th:last-child,
table td:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
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.CodeMirror-lines {
padding-left: 4px;
}
.code-tooltip {
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,28,36,.3);
border-top: 1px solid #eef2f2;
}
.md-fences,
code,
tt {
border: 1px solid #e7eaed;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 0;
padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px;
font-size: 0.9em;
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code {
background-color: #f3f4f4;
padding: 0 2px 0 2px;
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margin-bottom: 15px;
margin-top: 15px;
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.md-task-list-item > input {
margin-left: -1.3em;
}
@media print {
html {
font-size: 13px;
}
pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
.md-fences {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
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#write pre.md-meta-block {
padding: 1rem;
font-size: 85%;
line-height: 1.45;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 0;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #777777;
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip {
bottom: .375rem;
}
.md-mathjax-midline {
background: #fafafa;
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#write>h3.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .375rem;
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#write>h4.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
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left: -1.5625rem;
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left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
.md-image>.md-meta {
/*border: 1px solid #ddd;*/
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: inherit;
}
.md-tag {
color: #a7a7a7;
opacity: 1;
}
.md-toc {
margin-top:20px;
padding-bottom:20px;
}
.sidebar-tabs {
border-bottom: none;
}
#typora-quick-open {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#typora-quick-open-item {
background-color: #FAFAFA;
border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px;
}
/** focus mode */
.on-focus-mode blockquote {
border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);
}
header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer{
font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state{
visibility: visible;
}
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar {
background-color: #fafafa;
background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color);
}
.mac-os #write{
caret-color: AccentColor;
}
.md-lang {
color: #b4654d;
}
/*.html-for-mac {
--item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE;
}*/
#md-notification .btn {
border: 0;
}
.dropdown-menu .divider {
border-color: #e5e5e5;
opacity: 0.4;
}
.ty-preferences .window-content {
background-color: #fafafa;
}
.ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active {
color: white;
background: #999;
}
.menu-item-container a.menu-style-btn {
background-color: #f5f8fa;
background-image: linear-gradient( 180deg , hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8), hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0));
}
</style>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://yandex.st/highlightjs/6.2/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script>
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();
</script>
<style type="text/css">
#category a{
text-decoration: none;
color: black;
}
/* #category {line-height: 2em;} */
.newh{
padding-top: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.newh:hover{
background: #E6F0FE;
}
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
.book-body {
/* padding-left: 200px; */
padding-right: 0px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
.book-body {
/* padding-left: 200px; */
padding-right: 0px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
.book-body {
/* padding-left: 300px; */
padding-left: 0px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
.book-body {
padding-left: 0px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
#category {
/* 绝对定位 */
position: fixed;
/* 目录显示的位置 */
float: left;
margin-right: 2em;
/* right: 0px; */
top: 0;
/* 目录栏的高度,这里设置为60%主要是为了不挡住返回顶部和折叠按钮 */
height: 93%;
/* 设置边框这样和正文对比比较明显 */
border: 0 solid #eaeaea;
/* 开启垂直滚动条 */
overflow-y: scroll;
width:25%;
display:block;
/* z-index: 99;; */
background: white;
}
/* 正文的样式 */
#write {
width:100%;
display: block;
/* float:right; */
}
img{
display: block;
}
code,tt{
color:#c7254e;
background-color:#f9f2f4;
}
/* 返回顶部按钮样式 */
#topButton {
position: fixed;
float: right;
right: 10px;
top: 95%;
z-index: 99;
}
/* 展开或者折叠 */
#foldOrUnfold {
position: fixed;
float: right;
right: 10px;
top: 89%;
z-index: 99;
}
}
@media (-webkit-max-device-pixel-ratio: 1) {
::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece {
background-color: #FFF
}
::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 6px;
height: 6px
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background-color: #c2c2c2;
background-clip: padding-box;
min-height: 28px
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
background-color: #A0A0A0
}
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
#category {
/* 绝对定位 */
position: fixed;
/* 目录显示的位置 */
float: left;
/* right: 0px; */
top: 0;
width: 45%;
/* 目录栏的高度,这里设置为60%主要是为了不挡住返回顶部和折叠按钮 */
height: 90%;
/* 设置边框这样和正文对比比较明显 */
border: 2px solid #eaeaea;
/* 开启垂直滚动条 */
overflow-y: scroll;
z-index: 99;
display: none;
background: white;
font-size: 20px;
/* line-height: 2em; */
}
/* 正文的样式 */
#book_body {
width: 100%;
display: block;
}
img{
display: block;
}
code,tt{
color:#c7254e;
background-color:#f9f2f4;
}
/* 返回顶部按钮样式 */
#topButton {
position: fixed;
float: right;
right: 2%;
top: 95%;
z-index:99;
}
/* 目录展开或者折叠 */
#foldOrUnfold {
position: fixed;
float: left;
right: 4%;
top: 90%;
z-index:99;
}
}
</style>
<!--侧栏目录生成代码-->
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
$("h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6").each(function (i, item) {
//获取标签的名字,h1,还是h2
var tag = $(item).get(0).localName;
//为该标签设置id属性
$(item).attr("id", "wow" + i);
//添加一个页内超链接,并设置class选择器
$("#category").append('<div class="newh"><a class="new' + tag + '" href="#wow' + i + '">' + $(item).text() +
'</a></div>');
//为每一个标题超链接的class属性设置左边距
$(".newh1").css("margin-left", "0em");
$(".newh2").css("margin-left", "1em");
$(".newh3").css("margin-left", "2em");
$(".newh4").css("margin-left", "3em");
$(".newh5").css("margin-left", "4em");
$(".newh6").css("margin-left", "5em");
$(".newh1").css("font-size", "1.5em");
$(".newh2").css("font-size", "1.2em");
$(".newh3").css("font-size", "1em");
$(".newh4").css("font-size", "0.9em");
$(".newh5").css("font-size", "0.8em");
$(".newh1").css("font-weight", "bold");
$(".newh2").css("font-weight", "bold");
});
//设置class选择器为.book-body的html内容
$(".book-body").html($(".book-body").nextAll())
$(".newh").on("click",function(){
console.log($(this).children("a"));
$(this).children("a")[0].click();
});
});
</script>
<script>
// 展开或者折叠目录功能
function showOrCloseCategory() {
var id = document.getElementById("category");
var write = document.getElementById("write");
//console.log(id.style.display);
//如果展开了
if (id.style.display == 'block') {
//console.log("开始展开");
id.style.display = 'none';
write.style.float = "";
write.style.left = "0em";
}
//如果被折叠了
else if (id.style.display == 'none') {
//console.log("开始折叠");
id.style.display = 'block';
write.style.float = "right";
write.style.left = "1em";
}
}
// 返回顶部功能
function topFunction() {
document.body.scrollTop = 0;
document.documentElement.scrollTop = 0;
}
</script>
<!--返回顶部-->
<button onclick="topFunction()" id="topButton">TOP↑</button>
<button onclick="showOrCloseCategory()" id="foldOrUnfold">目录</button>
<script src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/stevenjoezhang/live2d-widget@latest/autoload.js"></script>
<!--文章主体部分-->
<div class="book-body" id="book_body"> </div>
<!--目录栏-->
<div class="book-summary" id="category" style="display:none"></div>
<title>tools</title>
</head>
<p><a class="resume-link" href="../index.html">返回主页</a></p>
<body class='typora-export os-windows'><div class='typora-export-content'>
<div id='write' class=''><h1 id='工具链实用主义）'><span>工具链（实用主义）</span></h1><h2 id='linux基础技能'><span>Linux基础技能</span></h2><p><span>实用主义至上，遇到不常见指令/操作可以查手册、查网页。</span></p><p><span>（Read The Friendly Mamual , Search The Friendly Web , Read The Fucking Source Code !）</span></p><h3 id='linux基本命令'><span>Linux基本命令</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + c : 取消命令并且换行</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + u : 清空本行命令</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tab<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> : 自动补全</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">history : 历史命令</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">pwd : 显示当前路径</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">复制文本 : windows/Linux下：Ctrl + insert，Mac下：command + c</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">粘贴文本 : windows/Linux下：Shift + insert，Mac下：command + v</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">chmod +x : 增加可执行权限</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 184px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 184px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='lslist-directory-contents）'><span>ls(list directory contents）</span></h4><p><span>用于显示指定工作目录下之内容（列出目前工作目录所含的文件及子目录)。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls [-alrtAFR] [name...]</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls -l # 以长格式显示当前目录中的文件和目录</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls -a # 显示当前目录中的所有文件和目录，包括隐藏文件</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls -lh # 以人类可读的方式显示当前目录中的文件和目录大小</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls -t # 按照修改时间排序显示当前目录中的文件和目录</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls -R # 递归显示当前目录中的所有文件和子目录</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>ls 命令还可以使用通配符进行模式匹配，例如 </span><strong><span>*</span></strong><span> 表示匹配任意字符，</span><strong><span>?</span></strong><span> 表示匹配一个字符，</span><strong><span>[...]</span></strong><span> 表示匹配指定范围内的字符。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls *.txt # 列出所有扩展名为.txt的文件</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls file?.txt # 列出文件名为file?.txt的文件，其中?表示任意一个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ls [abc]*.txt # 列出以a、b或c开头、扩展名为.txt的文件</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 69px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 69px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='cd-change-directory'><span>cd (change directory)</span></h4><p><span>用于改变当前工作目录的命令，切换到指定的路径</span></p><p><strong><span>~</span></strong><span> 也表示为 home 目录 的意思， </span><strong><span>.</span></strong><span> 则是表示目前所在的目录， </span><strong><span>..</span></strong><span> 则表示目前目录位置的上一层目录。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cd [dirName]</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>切换到上级目录：</span></strong><span>使用 </span><strong><span>..</span></strong><span> 表示上级目录，可以通过连续多次使用 </span><strong><span>..</span></strong><span> 来切换到更高级的目录。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cd ..</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cd ../../ // 切换到上上级目录</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>切换到用户主目录（home）：</span></strong><span>使用 </span><strong><span>~</span></strong><span> 表示当前用户的主目录，可以使用 cd 命令直接切换到主目录。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cd ~</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>切换到上次访问的目录：</span></strong><span>使用 </span><strong><span>cd -</span></strong><span> 可以切换到上次访问的目录。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cd -</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='cpcopy-file'><span>cp(copy file)</span></h4><p><span>主要用于复制文件或目录</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cp [options] source dest 或 cp [选项] 源文件 目标文件</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>用户使用该指令复制目录时，必须使用参数 </span><strong><span>-r</span></strong><span> 或者 </span><strong><span>-R</span></strong><span> 。</span></p><p> </p><p> </p><h4 id='mkdirmake-directory'><span>mkdir(make directory)</span></h4><p><span>用于创建目录 -p 确保目录名称存在，不存在的就建一个</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mkdir [-p] dirName</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p> </p><h4 id='rmremove'><span>rm(remove)</span></h4><p><span>用于删除一个文件或者目录</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rm [options] name...</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>删除文件可以直接使用rm命令，若删除目录则必须配合选项"-r"</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rm test.txt </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rm -r homework</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>删除当前目录下的所有文件及目录，命令行为：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rm -r * </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rm *.txt</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p> </p><h4 id='mvmove-file'><span>mv(move file)</span></h4><p><span>用来为文件或目录改名、或将文件或目录移入其它位置</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mv [options] source dest</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mv [options] source... directory</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>将源文件名 source_file 改为目标文件名 dest_file (重命名)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mv source_file(文件) dest_file(文件)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>将文件 source_file 移动到目标目录 dest_directory 中</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mv source_file(文件) dest_directory(目录)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>目录名 dest_directory 已存在，将 source_directory 移动到目录名 dest_directory 中；目录名 dest_directory 不存在则 source_directory 改名为目录名 dest_directory</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mv source_directory(目录) dest_directory(目录)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p> </p><h4 id='catconcatenate）'><span>cat(concatenate）</span></h4><p><span>命令用于连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cat [-AbeEnstTuv] [--help] [--version] fileName</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>-n 或 --number</span></strong><span>：由 1 开始对所有输出的行数编号。</span></p><p><strong><span>-b 或 --number-nonblank</span></strong><span>：和 -n 相似，只不过对于空白行不编号。</span></p><p><strong><span>-s 或 --squeeze-blank</span></strong><span>：当遇到有连续两行以上的空白行，就代换为一行的空白行。</span></p><p><span>清空 /etc/test.txt 文档内容：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cat /dev/null > /etc/test.txt</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>cat 也可以用来制作镜像文件。例如要制作软盘的镜像文件，将软盘放好后输入：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cat /dev/fd0 > OUTFILE</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>相反的，如果想把 image file 写到软盘，输入：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cat IMG_FILE > /dev/fd0</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p> </p><h3 id='常用技能和连招'><span>常用技能和连招</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>要只显示除过第一行的其他所有行</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">head <span class="cm-attribute">-n</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span><span class="cm-number">2</span> [your_file]</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>输出目录内所有文件和文件大小信息，按大小升序排列</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> 在当前目录下命令行输入</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> du <span class="cm-attribute">-sh</span> * | <span class="cm-builtin">sort</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-h</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><hr /><p> </p><h3 id='tmux'><span>tmux</span></h3><p><span>功能 (1）分屏 （2）允许断开Terminal连接后，继续运行进程</span></p><p><span>tmux 结构： 一个tmux可以包含多个session，一个session可以包含多个window，一个window可以包含多个pane</span></p><p><span>tmux:</span>
<span> session 0:</span>
<span> window 0:</span>
<span> pane 0</span>
<span> pane 1</span>
<span> pane 2</span>
<span> ...</span>
<span> window 1</span>
<span> window 2</span>
<span> ...</span>
<span> session 1</span>
<span> session 2</span>
<span> ...</span></p><p><span> tmux：新建一个session，其中包含一个window，window中包含一个pane，pane里打开了一个shell对话框。</span></p><p><strong><span>(原生 tmux 应该是 Ctrl + b 作为引导手势)</span></strong></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按 % ，左右分屏</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按 “ ，上下分屏</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + d 关闭当前pane；如果当前window的所有pane均已关闭，则自动关闭window，以此类推</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按方向键 ，切换到相邻的Pane</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 同时按方向键 ，可以改变Pane的分割线</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按 z ，可以全屏/取消全屏Pane</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按 d ，可以挂起当前Session</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tmux a 打开当前挂起的Session</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手 再按 s ，选择其他Session</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>方向键 —— 上：选择上一项 session/window/pane</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> 方向键 —— 下：选择下一项 session/window/pane</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> 方向键 —— 右：展开当前项 session/window</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> 方向键 —— 左：闭合当前项 session/window</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Ctrl + a 按住后松手，再按PageUp/PageDown：翻阅当前pane内的内容。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">在tmux中选中文本时，需要按住shift键</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tmux中复制/粘贴文本的通用方式：</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (1) 按下Ctrl + a后松开手指，然后按[</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (2) 用鼠标选中文本，被选中的文本会被自动复制到tmux的剪贴板</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (3) 按下Ctrl + a后松开手指，然后按]，会将剪贴板中的内容粘贴到光标处</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 438px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 438px;"></div></div></div></pre><hr /><p> </p><h3 id='vim-vim组合技'><span>vim (vim组合技)</span></h3><p><span> 功能：</span>
<span> (1) 命令行模式下的文本编辑器。</span>
<span> (2) 根据文件扩展名自动判别编程语言。支持代码缩进、代码高亮等功能。</span>
<span> (3) 使用方式：vim filename</span>
<span> 如果已有该文件，则打开它。</span>
<span> 如果没有该文件，则打开个一个新的文件，并命名为filename</span></p><p> </p><p><span>模式：</span>
<span> (1) 一般命令模式</span>
<span> 默认模式。命令输入方式：类似于打游戏放技能，按不同字符，即可进行不同操作。可以复制、粘贴、删除文本等。</span>
<span> (2) 编辑模式</span>
<span> 在一般命令模式里按下i，会进入编辑模式。</span>
<span> 按下ESC会退出编辑模式，返回到一般命令模式。</span>
<span> (3) 命令行模式</span>
<span> 在一般命令模式里按下 : / ? 三个字母中的任意一个，会进入命令行模式。命令行在最下面。</span>
<span> 可以查找、替换、保存、退出、配置编辑器等。</span></p><p> </p><p><span>组合技等切记区分大小写</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> 操作：</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (1) i：进入编辑模式</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (2) ESC：进入一般命令模式</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (3) h 或 左箭头键：光标向左移动一个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (4) j 或 向下箭头：光标向下移动一个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (5) k 或 向上箭头：光标向上移动一个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (6) l 或 向右箭头：光标向右移动一个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (7) n<Space>：n表示数字，按下数字后再按空格，光标会向右移动这一行的n个字符</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (8) 0 或 功能键[Home]：光标移动到本行开头</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (9) $ 或 功能键[End]：光标移动到本行末尾</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (10) G：光标移动到最后一行</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (11) :n 或 nG：n为数字，光标移动到第n行</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (12) gg：光标移动到第一行，相当于1G</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (13) n<Enter>：n为数字，光标向下移动n行</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (14) /word：向光标之下寻找第一个值为word的字符串。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (15) ?word：向光标之上寻找第一个值为word的字符串。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (16) n：重复前一个查找操作</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (17) N：反向重复前一个查找操作</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (18) :n1,n2s/word1/word2/g：n1与n2为数字，在第n1行与n2行之间寻找word1这个字符串，并将该字符串替换为word2</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (19) :1,$s/word1/word2/g：将全文的word1替换为word2</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (20) :1,$s/word1/word2/gc：将全文的word1替换为word2，且在替换前要求用户确认。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (21) v：选中文本</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (22) d：删除选中的文本</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (23) dd: 删除当前行(剪切)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (24) y：复制选中的文本</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (25) yy: 复制当前行</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (26) p: 将复制的数据在光标的下一行/下一个位置粘贴</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (27) u：撤销</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (28) Ctrl + r：取消撤销</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (29) 大于号 >：将选中的文本整体向右缩进一次</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (30) 小于号 <：将选中的文本整体向左缩进一次</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (31) :w 保存</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (32) :w! 强制保存</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (33) :q 退出</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (34) :q! 强制退出</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (35) :wq 保存并退出</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (36) :set paste 设置成粘贴模式，取消代码自动缩进</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (37) :set nopaste 取消粘贴模式，开启代码自动缩进</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (38) :set nu 显示行号</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (39) :set nonu 隐藏行号</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (40) gg=G：将全文代码格式化</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (41) :noh 关闭查找关键词高亮</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> (42) Ctrl + q：当vim卡死时，可以取消当前正在执行的命令</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 990px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 990px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>异常处理：</span>
<span> 每次用vim编辑文件时，会自动创建一个.filename.swp的临时文件。</span>
<span> 如果打开某个文件时，该文件的swp文件已存在，则会报错。此时解决办法有两种：</span>
<span> (1) 找到正在打开该文件的程序，并退出</span>
<span> (2) 直接删掉该swp文件即可</span></p><p> </p><hr /><hr /><p> </p><h2 id='shell'><span>Shell</span></h2><h3 id='概论'><span>概论</span></h3><p><span>shell是我们通过命令行与操作系统沟通的语言。</span></p><p><span>shell脚本可以直接在命令行中执行，也可以将一套逻辑组织成一个文件，方便复用。</span></p><p><span>Linux中常见的shell脚本有很多种，常见的有：(注意：不同版本，略有区别！使用时注意RTFM！)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">* Bourne Shell(/usr/bin/sh或/bin/sh)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">* Bourne Again Shell(/bin/bash)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">* C Shell(/usr/bin/csh)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">* K Shell(/usr/bin/ksh)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">* zsh</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">…</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 138px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 138px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Linux系统中一般默认使用bash，所以接下来讲解bash中的语法。</span>
<span>文件开头需要写#! /bin/bash，指明bash为脚本解释器。</span></p><p><span>新建一个test.sh文件，内容如下：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><span><span></span>x</span></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ vim</span> test.sh</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#! /bin/bash</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hello World!"</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p><span>运行方式</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">1 作为可执行文件</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2 用解释器执行</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">1</span> 作为可执行文件</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">chmod</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span>x test.sh <span class="cm-comment"># 使脚本具有可执行权限 r(read) w(write) x(execute)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">./test.sh <span class="cm-comment"># 当前路径下执行</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">/home/acs/test.sh <span class="cm-comment"># 绝对路径下执行</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">~/test.sh <span class="cm-comment"># 家目录路径下执行</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2</span> 用解释器执行</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">bash</span> test.sh</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='注释'><span>注释</span></h3><p><span>单行注释</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"># 这是一行注释</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>多行注释</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">:<<EOF</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第一行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第二行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第三行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">EOF</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">EOF可以替换为其它字符串</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">:<<abc</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第一行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第二行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第三行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">abc</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">:<<!</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第一行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第二行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第三行注释</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">!</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 多行注释不加前面的冒号好像也能用</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 507px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 507px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='变量'><span>变量</span></h3><h4 id='定义变量'><span>定义变量</span></h4><p><span>定义变量，不需要加$符号，例如：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name1</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">'zjnu'</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 单引号定义字符串</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name2</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"xmu"</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 双引号定义字符串</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name3</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 也可以不加引号，同样表示字符串</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 69px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 69px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='使用变量'><span>使用变量</span></h4><p><span>使用变量，需要加上$符号，或者${}符号。花括号是可选的，主要为了帮助解释器识别变量边界。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coco</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">$name</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出coco</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${name}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出coco</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${name}</span>nut <span class="cm-comment"># 输出coconut</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='只读变量'><span>只读变量</span></h4><p><span>使用 readonly 或者 declare 可以将变量变为只读。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">readonly name</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">declare <span class="cm-attribute">-r</span> name <span class="cm-comment"># 两种写法均可</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>abc <span class="cm-comment"># 会报错，因为此时name只读</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='删除变量'><span>删除变量</span></h4><p><span>unset可以删除变量。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">unset</span> name</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">$name</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出空行</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 69px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 69px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='变量类型'><span>变量类型</span></h4><ol start='' ><li><p><span>自定义变量（局部变量）----------- 子进程不能访问的变量</span></p></li><li><p><span>环境变量（全局变量）------------- 子进程可以访问的变量</span></p></li></ol><p> </p><p><span>自定义变量改成环境变量：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 定义变量</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ export</span> name <span class="cm-comment"># 第一种方法</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ declare</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-x</span> name <span class="cm-comment"># 第二种方法</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 69px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 69px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>环境变量改为自定义变量：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ export</span> <span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 定义环境变量</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ declare</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span>x name <span class="cm-comment"># 改为自定义变量</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='字符串'><span>字符串</span></h4><p><span>字符串可以用单引号，也可以用双引号，也可以不用引号。</span></p><p><span>单引号与双引号的区别：</span></p><ul><li><p><span>单引号中的内容会原样输出，不会执行、不会取变量；</span></p></li><li><p><span>双引号中的内容可以执行、可以取变量；</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 不用引号</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">'hello, $name \"hh\"'</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 单引号字符串，输出 hello, $name \"hh\"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"hello, </span><span class="cm-def">$name</span><span class="cm-string"> \"hh\""</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 双引号字符串，输出 hello, coconut "hh"</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 69px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 69px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>获取字符串长度</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"coconut"</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${#name}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出7</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>提取子串</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"hello, coconut"</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${name:0:5}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 提取从0开始的5个字符</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='默认变量'><span>默认变量</span></h3><p><span>文件参数变量</span></p><p><span>在执行shell脚本时，可以向脚本传递参数。$1是第一个参数，$2是第二个参数，以此类推。特殊的，</span><strong><span>$0是文件名（包含路径）</span></strong><span>。例如：</span></p><p><span>创建文件test.sh：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#! /bin/bash</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"文件名："</span><span class="cm-def">$0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"第一个参数："</span><span class="cm-def">$1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"第二个参数："</span><span class="cm-def">$2</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"第三个参数："</span><span class="cm-def">$3</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"第四个参数："</span><span class="cm-def">$4</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(注意两位数及以上： <span class="cm-def">${10}</span>,<span class="cm-def">${100}</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 207px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 207px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>然后执行该脚本：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ chmod</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span>x test.sh </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ </span>./test.sh <span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-number">2</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> <span class="cm-number">4</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">文件名：./test.sh</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第一个参数：1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第二个参数：2</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第三个参数：3</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">第四个参数：4</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 161px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 161px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>其它参数相关变量</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$#<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>代表文件传入的参数个数，如上例中值为4</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$*<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>由所有参数构成的用空格隔开的字符串，如上例中值为"$1 $2 $3 $4"</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$@<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>每个参数分别用双引号括起来的字符串，如上例中值为"$1" "$2" "$3" "$4"</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$$<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>脚本当前运行的进程ID</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$?<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>上一条命令的退出状态（注意不是stdout，而是exit code）。0表示正常退出，其他值表示错误</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$(command)<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>返回command这条命令的stdout（可嵌套）</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">`command`<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>返回command这条命令的stdout（不可嵌套）</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 161px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 161px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='数组'><span>数组</span></h3><p><span>数组中可以存放多个不同类型的值，</span><strong><span>只支持一维数组</span></strong><span>，初始化时不需要指明数组大小。数组下标从0开始。</span></p><p><span>定义</span>
<span>数组用小括号表示，元素之间用</span><strong><span>空格</span></strong><span>隔开。例如：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">array</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>(1 abc <span class="cm-string">"def"</span> coconut)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>也可以直接定义数组中某个元素的值：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">array[0]<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">array[1]<span class="cm-operator">=</span>abc</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">array[2]<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"def"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">array[3]<span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>读取数组中某个元素的值</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">${array[index]}</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">array</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>(1 abc <span class="cm-string">"def"</span> coconut)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${array[0]}</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${array[1]}</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${array[2]}</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${array[3]}</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>读取整个数组</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">${array[@]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第一种写法</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">${array[*]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第二种写法</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>数组长度(真*元素个数)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">${#array[@]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第一种写法</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">${#array[*]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第二种写法</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">array</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>(1 abc <span class="cm-string">"def"</span> coconut)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${#array[@]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第一种写法</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-def">${#array[*]}</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第二种写法</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='expr命令'><span>expr命令</span></h3><p><span>expr命令用于求表达式的值，格式为：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">expr 表达式</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>表达式说明：</span></p><ul><li><p><span>用空格隔开每一项</span></p></li><li><p><span>用反斜杠放在shell特定的字符前面（发现表达式运行错误时，可以试试转义）</span></p></li><li><p><span>对包含空格和其他特殊字符的字符串要用引号括起来</span></p></li><li><p><strong><span>expr会在stdout中输出结果。如果为逻辑关系表达式，则结果为真时，stdout输出1，否则输出0。</span></strong></p></li><li><p><strong><span>expr的exit code：如果为逻辑关系表达式，则结果为真时，exit code为0，否则为1。</span></strong></p></li></ul><p> </p><h4 id='字符串表达式'><span>字符串表达式</span></h4><p> </p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">length STRING</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>返回STRING的长度</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">index STRING CHARSET</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>CHARSET中</span><strong><span>任意单个字符在STRING中最前面的字符位置</span></strong><span>，下标从1开始。如果在STRING中完全</span><strong><span>不存在</span></strong><span>CHARSET中的字符，则返回</span><strong><span>0</span></strong><span>。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">substr STRING POSITION（起始位置） LENGTH（字串长度）</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>返回STRING字符串中从POSITION开始，长度最大为LENGTH的子串。如果POSITION或LENGTH为负数，0或非数值，则返回空字符串。</span></p><p><span>e.g.</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">str</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"Hello World!"</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr length "</span><span class="cm-def">$str</span><span class="cm-quote">"`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># ``不是单引号，表示执行该命令，输出12</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">$(expr length "</span><span class="cm-def">$str</span><span class="cm-quote">")</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 第二张写法 下面类似</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr index "</span><span class="cm-def">$str</span><span class="cm-quote">" aWd`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出7，下标从1开始</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr substr "</span><span class="cm-def">$str</span><span class="cm-quote">" 2 3`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出 ell</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 138px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 138px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='整数表达式'><span>整数表达式</span></h4><p><span>expr支持普通的算术操作，算术表达式优先级低于字符串表达式，高于逻辑关系表达式。</span></p><ul><li><p><span>”+ -“</span>
<span>加减运算。两端参数会转换为整数，如果转换失败则报错。</span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span>” * / % “</span>
<span>乘，除，取模运算。两端参数会转换为整数，如果转换失败则报错。* 需要转义。</span></p></li><li><p><span>() 可以改变优先级，但需要用反斜杠转义</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">a</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">3</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">b</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">4</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> + </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出7</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> - </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出-1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> \* </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出12，*需要转义</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> / </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出0，整除</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> % </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出3</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr \( </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> + 1 \) \* \( </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote"> + 1 \)`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出20，值为(a + 1) * (b + 1)</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 207px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 207px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h4 id='逻辑关系表达式短路原则'><span>逻辑关系表达式(短路原则)</span></h4><ul><li><p><span>|</span>
<span>如果第一个参数非空且非0，则返回第一个参数的值，否则返回第二个参数的值，但要求第二个参数的值也是非空或非0，否则返回0。如果第一个参数是非空或非0时，不会计算第二个参数。</span></p></li><li><p><span>&</span>
<span>如果两个参数都非空且非0，则返回第一个参数，否则返回0。如果第一个参为0或为空，则不会计算第二个参数。</span></p></li><li><p><span>< <= = == != >= ></span>
<span>比较两端的参数，如果为true，则返回1，否则返回0。</span><strong><span>”==”是”=”的同义词</span></strong><span>。”expr”首先尝试将</span><strong><span>两端参数转换为整数，并做算术比较，如果转换失败，则按字符集排序规则做字符比较</span></strong><span>。</span></p></li><li><p><span>() 可以改变优先级，但需要用反斜杠转义</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">a</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">3</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">b</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">4</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> \> </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出0，>需要转义</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> '<' </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出1，也可以将特殊字符用引号引起来</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> '>=' </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> \<\= </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">c</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">d</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">5</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$c</span><span class="cm-quote"> \& </span><span class="cm-def">$d</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> \& </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出3</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$c</span><span class="cm-quote"> \| </span><span class="cm-def">$d</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出5</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr </span><span class="cm-def">$a</span><span class="cm-quote"> \| </span><span class="cm-def">$b</span><span class="cm-quote">`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出3</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 345px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 345px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='read命令'><span>read命令</span></h3><p><span>read命令用于从标准输入中读取单行数据。当读到文件结束符时，exit code为1，否则为0。</span></p><p><span>参数说明</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">-p: 后面可以接提示信息</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">-t：后面跟秒数，定义输入字符的等待时间，超过等待时间后会自动忽略此命令</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ read</span> name <span class="cm-comment"># 读入name的值</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 标准输入</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ echo</span> <span class="cm-def">$name</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出name的值</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">coconut <span class="cm-comment">#标准输出</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ read</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <span class="cm-string">"Please input your name: "</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span> name <span class="cm-comment"># 读入name的值，等待时间30秒</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Please input your name: coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 标准输入</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">acs@9e0ebfcd82d7:~<span class="cm-def">$ echo</span> <span class="cm-def">$name</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出name的值</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">coconut <span class="cm-comment"># 标准输出</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 184px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 184px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='echo命令'><span>echo命令</span></h3><p><span>用于输出字符串</span></p><p><span>命令格式：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> STRING</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示普通字符串</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hello Terminal"</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> Hello Terminal <span class="cm-comment"># 引号可以省略</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示转义字符(注意只能使用双引号，如果使用</span><strong><span>单引号，则不转义</span></strong><span>)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"\"Hello Terminal\""</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 注意只能使用双引号，如果使用单引号，则不转义</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> \"Hello Terminal\" <span class="cm-comment"># 也可以省略双引号</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示变量</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"My name is </span><span class="cm-def">$name</span><span class="cm-string">"</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 输出 My name is coconut</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 46px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 46px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示换行</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-e</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hi\n"</span> <span class="cm-comment"># -e 开启转义</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"coconut"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#输出结果</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Hi</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">coconut</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 161px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 161px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示不换行</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-e</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hi \c"</span> <span class="cm-comment"># -e 开启转义 \c 不换行</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"coconut"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#输出结果</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Hi coconut</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示结果定向至文件</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hello World"</span> > output.txt <span class="cm-comment"># 将内容以覆盖的方式输出到output.txt中</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>原样输出字符串，不进行转义或取变量(用单引号)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">name</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>coconut</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">'$name\"'</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#输出结果</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$name</span>\"</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 115px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 115px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>显示命令的执行结果</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-quote">`date`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 或者 echo $(date)</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#输出结果</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Wed Sep <span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-number">11</span>:45:33 CST <span class="cm-number">2021</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='printf命令'><span>printf命令</span></h3><p><span>printf命令用于格式化输出，类似于C/C++中的printf函数。</span></p><p><span>默认不会在字符串末尾添加换行符。</span></p><p><span>命令格式：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">printf format-string [arguments...]</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 23px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 23px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>用法示例:</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="shell"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="shell"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.51562px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">printf <span class="cm-string">"%10d.\n"</span> <span class="cm-number">123</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 占10位，右对齐</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">printf <span class="cm-string">"%-10.2f.\n"</span> <span class="cm-number">123</span>.123321 <span class="cm-comment"># 占10位，保留2位小数，左对齐</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">printf <span class="cm-string">"My name is %s\n"</span> <span class="cm-string">"coco"</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 格式化输出字符串</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">printf <span class="cm-string">"%d * %d = %d\n"</span> <span class="cm-number">2</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> <span class="cm-quote">`expr 2 \* 3`</span> <span class="cm-comment"># 表达式的值作为参数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#输出结果</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">123</span>.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">123</span>.12 .</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">My name is coco</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2</span> * <span class="cm-number">3</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">6</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 230px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 230px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h3 id='test命令与判断符号'><span>test命令与判断符号[]</span></h3><p><span>逻辑运算符&&和|| </span></p><ul><li><p><span>&& 表示与，|| 表示或</span></p></li><li><p><span>二者具有</span><strong><span>短路原则</span></strong><span>：</span>