diff --git a/common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json b/common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json
index 0affceab971fc..4bc48c042a0b3 100644
--- a/common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json
+++ b/common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json
@@ -2092,6 +2092,11 @@
         "message" : [
           "Too many letters in datetime pattern: <pattern>. Please reduce pattern length."
         ]
+      },
+      "SECONDS_FRACTION" : {
+        "message" : [
+          "Cannot detect a seconds fraction pattern of variable length. Please make sure the pattern contains 'S', and does not contain illegal characters."
+        ]
       }
     },
     "sqlState" : "22007"
diff --git a/sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelper.scala b/sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelper.scala
index 343468dc0270c..71777906f868e 100644
--- a/sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelper.scala
+++ b/sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelper.scala
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ private object DateTimeFormatterHelper {
               rest = suffix
             case _ =>
               throw new SparkIllegalArgumentException(
-                errorClass = "INVALID_DATETIME_PATTERN",
+                errorClass = "INVALID_DATETIME_PATTERN.SECONDS_FRACTION",
                 messageParameters = Map("pattern" -> pattern))
           }
         }
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelperSuite.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelperSuite.scala
index 034010f5825b8..6aa4f443c6add 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelperSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/DateTimeFormatterHelperSuite.scala
@@ -83,4 +83,14 @@ class DateTimeFormatterHelperSuite extends SparkFunSuite {
     assert(convertIncompatiblePattern("yyyy-MM-dd'e'HH:mm:ss") === "uuuu-MM-dd'e'HH:mm:ss")
     assert(convertIncompatiblePattern("yyyy-MM-dd'T'") === "uuuu-MM-dd'T'")
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-49583: invalid var length second fraction") {
+    val pattern = "\nSSSS\r"
+    checkError(
+      exception = intercept[SparkIllegalArgumentException] {
+        createBuilderWithVarLengthSecondFraction(pattern)
+      },
+      errorClass = "INVALID_DATETIME_PATTERN.SECONDS_FRACTION",
+      parameters = Map("pattern" -> pattern))
+  }
 }