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General Bikeshare Feed Specification (GBFS)

This document explains the types of files and data that comprise the General Bikeshare Feed Specification (GBFS) and defines the fields used in all of those files.

Table of Contents

Revision History

  • 11/05/2015 - GBFS V1.0 Adopted by NABSA board
  • 08/2015 - Latest changes incorporated and name change to GBFS (comments from Motivate, 8D, others)
  • 06/2015 - Proposed refinements (prepared by Jesse Chan-Norris on behalf of Motivate)
  • 01/2015 - NABSA Draft (prepared by Mitch Vars)

Introduction

This specification has been designed with the following concepts in mind:

  • Provide the status of the system at this moment
  • Do not provide information whose primary purpose is historical

Historical data, including station details and ride data is to be provided by a more compact specification designed specifically for such archival purposes. The data in the specification contained in this document is intended for consumption by clients intending to provide real-time (or semi-real-time) transit advice and is designed as such.

Files

This specification defines the following files along with their associated content:

File Name Required Defines
gbfs.json Optional Auto-discovery file that links to all of the other files published by the system. This file is optional, but highly recommended.
system_information.json Yes Describes the system including System operator, System location, year implemented, URLs, contact info, time zone
station_information.json Conditionally required Mostly static list of all stations, their capacities and locations. Required of systems utilizing docks.
station_status.json Conditionally required Number of available bikes and docks at each station and station availability. Required of systems utilizing docks.
free_bike_status.json Conditionally required Describes bikes that are available for rent. Required of systems that don't utilize docks or offer bikes for rent outside of stations.
system_hours.json Optional Describes the hours of operation for the system
system_calendar.json Optional Describes the days of operation for the system
system_regions.json Optional Describes the regions the system is broken up into
system_pricing_plans.json Optional Describes the system pricing
system_alerts.json Optional Describes current system alerts

File Requirements

  • All files should be valid JSON
  • All data should be UTF-8 encoded
  • Line breaks should be represented by unix newline characters only (\n)

File Distribution

  • This specification does not dictate the implementation details around the distribution of the JSON data files
  • If the publisher intends to distribute as individual HTTP endpoints then:
    • Required files must not 404 - they should return a properly formatted JSON file as defined in Output Format
    • Optional files may 404 - a 404 of an optional file should not be considered an error, it just indicates that the publisher has chosen not to publish this data
  • Auto-Discovery:

Localization

Field Definitions

  • Time stamp fields must be represented as integers in POSIX time (i.e., the number of seconds since January 1st 1970 00:00:00 UTC)
  • ID fields in the document should be represented as strings that identify that particular object. They:
    • must be unique within like fields (bike_id must be unique among bikes)
    • do not have to be globally unique
    • must not contain spaces
    • should be persistent for a given object (station, plan, etc)
  • Text fields can only contain text - they must not contain any formatting codes (including HTML) other than newlines
  • Enumerable values should be expected to change over time. Values will not be removed, but new valid values may be added as business requirements change and consumers should be designed to handle these changes

Output Format

Every JSON file presented in this specification contains the same common header information at the top level of the JSON response object:

Field Name Required Defines
last_updated Yes Integer POSIX timestamp indicating the last time the data in this feed was updated
ttl Yes Integer representing the number of seconds before the data in this feed will be updated again (0 if the data should always be refreshed)
data Yes JSON hash containing the data fields for this response

Example:

{
  "last_updated": 1434054678,
  "ttl": 3600,
  "data": {
    "name": "Citi Bike",
    "system_id": "citibike_com"
  }
}

gbfs.json

The following fields are all attributes within the main "data" object for this feed.

Field Name Required Defines
language Yes The language that all of the contained files will be published in. This language must match the value in the system_information file
- feeds Yes An array of all of the feeds that are published by this auto-discovery file
- name Yes Key identifying the type of feed this is (e.g. "system_information", "station_information")
- url Yes Full URL for the feed

Example:

{
  "last_updated": 1434054678,
  "ttl": 0,
  "data": {
    "en": {
      "feeds": [
        {
          "name": "system_information",
          "url": "https://www.example.com/gbfs/en/system_information"
        },
        {
          "name": "station_information",
          "url": "https://www.example.com/gbfs/en/station_information"
        }
      ]
    },
    "fr" : {
      "feeds": [
        {
          "name": "system_information",
          "url": "https://www.example.com/gbfs/fr/system_information"
        },
        {
          "name": "station_information",
          "url": "https://www.example.com/gbfs/fr/station_information"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

system_information.json

The following fields are all attributes within the main "data" object for this feed.

Field Name Required Defines
system_id Yes ID field - identifier for this bike share system. This should be globally unique (even between different systems) and it is currently up to the publisher of the feed to guarantee uniqueness. In addition, this value is intended to remain the same over the life of the system
language Yes An IETF language tag indicating the language that will be used throughout the rest of the files. This is a string that defines a single language tag only. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag for details about the format of this tag
name Yes Full name of the system to be displayed to customers
short_name Optional Optional abbreviation for a system
operator Optional Name of the operator of the system
url Optional The URL of the bike share system. The value must be a fully qualified URL that includes http:// or https://, and any special characters in the URL must be correctly escaped. See http://www.w3.org/Addressing/URL/4_URI_Recommentations.html for a description of how to create fully qualified URL values
purchase_url Optional A fully qualified URL where a customer can purchase a membership or learn more about purchasing memberships
start_date Optional String in the form YYYY-MM-DD representing the date that the system began operations
phone_number Optional A single voice telephone number for the specified system. This field is a string value that presents the telephone number as typical for the system's service area. It can and should contain punctuation marks to group the digits of the number. Dialable text (for example, Capital Bikeshare’s "877-430-BIKE") is permitted, but the field must not contain any other descriptive text
email Optional A single contact email address for customers to address questions about the system
timezone Yes The time zone where the system is located. Time zone names never contain the space character but may contain an underscore. Please refer to the "TZ" value in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones for a list of valid values
license_url Optional A fully qualified URL of a page that defines the license terms for the GBFS data for this system, as well as any other license terms the system would like to define (including the use of corporate trademarks, etc)

station_information.json

All stations contained in this list are considered public (ie, can be shown on a map for public use). If there are private stations (such as Capital Bikeshare’s White House station) these should not be exposed here and their status should not be included in station_status.json.

Field Name Required Defines
stations Yes Array that contains one object per station in the system as defined below
- station_id Yes Unique identifier of a station. See Field Definitions above for ID field requirements
- name Yes Public name of the station
- short_name No Short name or other type of identifier, as used by the data publisher
- lat Yes The latitude of station. The field value must be a valid WGS 84 latitude in decimal degrees format. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees
- lon Yes The longitude of station. The field value must be a valid WGS 84 longitude in decimal degrees format. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees
- address Optional Valid street number and name where station is located. This field is intended to be an actual address, not a free form text description (see "cross_street" below)
- cross_street Optional Cross street of where the station is located. This field is intended to be a descriptive field for human consumption. In cities, this would be a cross street, but could also be a description of a location in a park, etc.
- region_id Optional ID of the region where station is located (see system_regions.json)
- post_code Optional Postal code where station is located
- rental_methods Optional Array of enumerables containing the payment methods accepted at this station.
Current valid values (in CAPS) are:
  • KEY (i.e. operator issued bike key / fob / card)
  • CREDITCARD
  • PAYPASS
  • APPLEPAY
  • ANDROIDPAY
  • TRANSITCARD
  • ACCOUNTNUMBER
  • PHONE
This list is intended to be as comprehensive at the time of publication as possible but is subject to change, as defined in File Requirements above
- capacity Optional Number of total docking points installed at this station, both available and unavailable

station_status.json

Field Name Required Defines
stations Yes Array that contains one object per station in the system as defined below
- station_id Yes Unique identifier of a station (see station_information.json)
- num_bikes_available Yes Number of bikes available for rental
- num_bikes_disabled Optional Number of disabled bikes at the station. Vendors who do not want to publicize the number of disabled bikes or docks in their system can opt to omit station capacity (in station_information), num_bikes_disabled and num_docks_disabled. If station capacity is published then broken docks/bikes can be inferred (though not specifically whether the decreased capacity is a broken bike or dock)
- num_docks_available Yes Number of docks accepting bike returns
- num_docks_disabled Optional Number of empty but disabled dock points at the station. This value remains as part of the spec as it is possibly useful during development
- is_installed Yes 1/0 boolean - is the station currently on the street
- is_renting Yes 1/0 boolean - is the station currently renting bikes (even if the station is empty, if it is set to allow rentals this value should be 1)
- is_returning Yes 1/0 boolean - is the station accepting bike returns (if a station is full but would allow a return if it was not full then this value should be 1)
- last_reported Yes Integer POSIX timestamp indicating the last time this station reported its status to the backend

free_bike_status.json

Describes bikes that are not at a station and are not currently in the middle of an active ride.

Field Name Required Defines
bikes Yes Array that contains one object per bike that is currently docked/stopped outside of the system as defined below
- bike_id Yes Unique identifier of a bike
- lat Yes Latitude of the bike. The field value must be a valid WGS 84 latitude in decimal degrees format. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees
- lon Yes Longitude of the bike. The field value must be a valid WGS 84 latitude in decimal degrees format. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_degrees
- is_reserved Yes 1/0 value - is the bike currently reserved for someone else
- is_disabled Yes 1/0 value - is the bike currently disabled (broken)

system_hours.json

Describes the system hours of operation. A JSON array of hours defined as follows:

Field Name Required Defines
rental_hours Yes Array of hour objects as defined below. Can contain a minimum of one object identifying hours for all days of the week or a maximum of fourteen hour objects are allowed (one for each day of the week for each "member" or "nonmember" user type)
- user_types Yes An array of "member" and "nonmember" values. This indicates that this set of rental hours applies to either members or non-members only.
- days Yes An array of abbreviations (first 3 letters) of English names of the days of the week that this hour object applies to (i.e. ["mon", "tue"]). Each day can only appear once within all of the hours objects in this feed.
- start_time Yes Start time for the hours of operation of the system in the time zone indicated in system_information.json (00:00:00 - 23:59:59)
- end_time Yes End time for the hours of operation of the system in the time zone indicated in system_information.json (00:00:00 - 47:59:59). Time can stretch up to one additional day in the future to accommodate situations where, for example, a system was open from 11:30pm - 11pm the next day (i.e. 23:30-47:00)

Example:

{
  "last_updated": 1434054678,
  "ttl": 0,
  "data": {
    "rental_hours": [
      {
        "user_types": [ "member" ],
        "days": ["sat", "sun"],
        "start_time": "00:00:00",
        "end_time": "23:59:59"
      },
      {
        "user_types": [ "nonmember" ],
        "days": ["sat", "sun"],
        "start_time": "05:00:00",
        "end_time": "23:59:59"
      },
      {
        "user_types": [ "member", "nonmember" ],
        "days": ["mon", "tue", "wed", "thu", "fri"],
        "start_time": "00:00:00",
        "end_time": "23:59:59"
      }
    ]
  }
}

system_calendar.json

Describes the operating calendar for a system. An array of year objects defined as follows (if start/end year are omitted, then assume the start and end months do not change from year to year).

Field Name Required Defines
calendars Yes Array of year objects describing the system operational calendar. A minimum of one calendar object is required, which could indicate a general calendar, or multiple calendars could be present indicating arbitrary start and end dates
- start_month Yes Starting month for the system operations (1-12)
- start_day Yes Starting day for the system operations (1-31)
- start_year Optional Starting year for the system operations
- end_month Yes Ending month for the system operations (1-12)
- end_day Yes Ending day for the system operations (1-31)
- end_year Optional Ending year for the system operations

system_regions.json

Describe regions for a system that is broken up by geographic or political region. It is defined as a separate feed to allow for additional region metadata (such as shape definitions).

Field Name Required Defines
regions Yes Array of region objects as defined below
- region_id Yes Unique identifier for the region
- name Yes Public name for this region

system_pricing_plans.json

Describe pricing for the system. This scheme does not currently factor in lost bike fees as it seems outside of the scope of this specification, but they could be added. It is an array of pricing objects defined as follows:

Field Name Required Defines
plans Yes Array of any number of plan objects as defined below:
- plan_id Yes String - a unique identifier for this plan in the system
- url Optional String - a fully qualified URL where the customer can learn more about this particular scheme
- name Yes Name of this pricing scheme
- currency Yes Currency this pricing is in (ISO 4217 code: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217)
- price Yes Fee for this pricing scheme. This should be in the base unit as defined by the ISO 4217 currency code with the appropriate number of decimal places and omitting the currency symbol. e.g. if the price is in US Dollars the price would be 9.95
- is_taxable Yes 1/0 value:
  • 0 indicates that no additional tax will be added (either because tax is not charged, or because it is included)
  • 1 indicates that tax will be added to the base price
- description Yes Text field describing the particular pricing plan in human readable terms. This should include the duration, price, conditions, etc. that the publisher would like users to see. This is intended to be a human-readable description and should not be used for automatic calculations

system_alerts.json

This feed is intended to inform customers about changes to the system that do not fall within the normal system operations. For example, system closures due to weather would be listed here, but a system that only operated for part of the year would have that schedule listed in the system_calendar.json feed.

This file is an array of alert objects defined as below. Obsolete alerts should be removed so the client application can safely present to the end user everything present in the feed. The consumer could use the start/end information to determine if this is a past, ongoing or future alert and adjust the presentation accordingly.

Field Name Required Defines
alerts Yes Array - alert objects each indicating a separate system alert as defined below
- alert_id Yes ID - unique identifier for this alert
- type Yes Enumerable - valid values are:
  • SYSTEM_CLOSURE
  • STATION_CLOSURE
  • STATION_MOVE
  • OTHER
- times Optional Array of hashes with the keys "start" and "end" indicating when the alert is in effect (e.g. when the system or station is actually closed, or when it is scheduled to be moved). If this array is omitted then the alert should be displayed as long as it is in the feed.
 - start Yes Integer POSIX timestamp - required if container "times" key is present
 - end Optional Integer POSIX timestamp - if there is currently no end time planned for the alert, this key can be omitted indicating that there is no currently scheduled end time for the alert
- station_ids Optional Array of strings - If this is an alert that affects one or more stations, include their ids, otherwise omit this field. If both station_ids and region_ids are omitted, assume this alert affects the entire system
- region_ids Optional Array of strings - If this system has regions, and if this alert only affects certain regions, include their ids, otherwise, omit this field. If both station_ids and region_ids are omitted, assume this alert affects the entire system
- url Optional String - URL where the customer can learn more information about this alert, if there is one
- summary Yes String - A short summary of this alert to be displayed to the customer
- description Optional String - Detailed text description of the alert
- last_updated Optional Integer POSIX timestamp indicating the last time the info for the particular alert was updated

Possible Future Enhancements

There are some items that were proposed in an earlier version of this document but which do not fit into the current specification. They are collected here for reference and for possible discussion and inclusion in this or a future version.

  • system_information.json

    • system_data - Removed due to a lack of specificity; if metadata about the location of URLs is required / desired, the proposal is to include this in a separate feed_info.json feed which would contain an array with all of the feeds in addition to other feed information such as a feed version (if necessary)
    • equipment - Removed due to a lack of specificity behind the intent of this field and a question about the actual relevance to the public
    • jurisdictions - It is believed that the need for this field is negated by the presence of the system_regions.json feed
  • station_status.json

    • need a way to distinguish between multiple bike types at a station if/when hybrid systems using e-bikes become available

Disclaimers

Apple Pay, PayPass and other third-party product and service names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

License

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.