0400-results.Rmd

# Results and Discussion

`r if(gitbook_on)knitr::asis_output("Results of Phase 1 and Phase 2 assessments are summarized in Figure \\@ref(fig:map-interactive) with additional details provided in sections below.")` 

<br>

```{r map-interactive, fig.cap='Map of fish passage and habitat confirmation results', eval=gitbook_on}
##make colors for the priorities
pal <- 
   colorFactor(palette = c("red", "yellow", "grey", "black"), 
               levels = c("high", "moderate", "low", "no fix"))

pal_phase1 <- 
   colorFactor(palette = c("red", "yellow", "grey", "black"), 
               levels = c("high", "moderate", "low", NA))

# tab_map_phase2 <- tab_map %>% filter(source %like% 'phase2')
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61026700/bring-a-group-of-markers-to-front-in-leaflet
# marker_options <- markerOptions(  
#   zIndexOffset = 1000)
tracks <- sf::read_sf("./data/habitat_confirmation_tracks.gpx", layer = "tracks")


wshd_study_areas <- sf::read_sf('data/fishpass_mapping/wshd_study_areas.geojson')
  # st_transform(crs = 4326)

  
map <- leaflet(height=500, width=780) %>%
  addTiles()  %>% 
  # leafem::addMouseCoordinates(proj4 = 26911) %>% ##can't seem to get it to render utms yet
  # addProviderTiles(providers$"Esri.DeLorme") %>% 
  addProviderTiles("Esri.WorldTopoMap", group = "Topo") %>%
  addProviderTiles("Esri.WorldImagery", group = "ESRI Aerial") %>% 
  addPolygons(data = wshd_study_areas, color = "#F29A6E", weight = 1, smoothFactor = 0.5,
              opacity = 1.0, fillOpacity = 0,
              fillColor = "#F29A6E", label = wshd_study_areas$watershed_group_name) %>%
  addPolygons(data = wshds, color = "#0859C6", weight = 1, smoothFactor = 0.5,
              opacity = 1.0, fillOpacity = 0.25,
              fillColor = "#00DBFF",
              label = wshds$stream_crossing_id,
              popup = leafpop::popupTable(x = select(wshds %>% st_set_geometry(NULL),
                                                     Site = stream_crossing_id,
                                                     elev_site:area_km),
                                          feature.id = F,
                                          row.numbers = F),
              group = "Phase 2") %>% 
  addLegend(
    position = "topright",
    colors = c("red", "yellow", "grey", "black"),
    labels = c("High", "Moderate", "Low", 'No fix'), opacity = 1,
    title = "Fish Passage Priorities") %>% 
  
addCircleMarkers(data=tab_map %>%
                   filter(source %like% 'phase1' | source %like% 'pscis_reassessments'),
                 label = tab_map %>% filter(source %like% 'phase1' | source %like% 'pscis_reassessments') %>% pull(pscis_crossing_id),
                 # label = tab_map$pscis_crossing_id,
                 labelOptions = labelOptions(noHide = F, textOnly = TRUE),
                 popup = leafpop::popupTable(x = select((tab_map %>% st_set_geometry(NULL) %>% filter(source %like% 'phase1' | source %like% 'pscis_reassessments')),
                                                        Site = pscis_crossing_id, Priority = priority_phase1, Stream = stream_name, Road = road_name, `Habitat value`= habitat_value, `Barrier Result` = barrier_result, `Culvert data` = data_link, `Culvert photos` = photo_link, `Model data` = model_link),
                                             feature.id = F,
                                             row.numbers = F),
                 radius = 9,
                 fillColor = ~pal_phase1(priority_phase1),
                 color= "#ffffff",
                 stroke = TRUE,
                 fillOpacity = 1.0,
                 weight = 2,
                 opacity = 1.0,
                 group = "Phase 1") %>% 
  addPolylines(data=tracks,
               opacity=0.75, color = '#e216c4',
               fillOpacity = 0.75, weight=5, group = "Phase 2") %>%

addAwesomeMarkers(
    lng = as.numeric(photo_metadata$gps_longitude),
    lat = as.numeric(photo_metadata$gps_latitude),
    popup = leafpop::popupImage(photo_metadata$url, src = "remote"),
    clusterOptions = markerClusterOptions(),
    group = "Phase 2") %>%

  #commented out this section for now until tab_hab_map object is built from cost estimate table
  addCircleMarkers(
    data=tab_hab_map,
    label = tab_hab_map$pscis_crossing_id,
    labelOptions = labelOptions(noHide = T, textOnly = TRUE),
    popup = leafpop::popupTable(x = select((tab_hab_map %>% st_drop_geometry()),
                                           Site = pscis_crossing_id,
                                           Priority = priority,
                                           Stream = stream_name,
                                           Road = road_name,
                                           `Habitat (m)`= upstream_habitat_length_m,
                                           Comments = comments,
                                           `Culvert data` = data_link,
                                           `Culvert photos` = photo_link,
                                           `Model data` = model_link),
                                feature.id = F,
                                row.numbers = F),
    radius = 9,
    fillColor = ~pal(priority),
    color= "#ffffff",
    stroke = TRUE,
    fillOpacity = 1.0,
    weight = 2,
    opacity = 1.0,
    group = "Phase 2"
    ) %>%

  addLayersControl(
    baseGroups = c(
      "Esri.DeLorme",
      "ESRI Aerial"),
    overlayGroups = c("Phase 1", "Phase 2"),
    options = layersControlOptions(collapsed = F)) %>%
  leaflet.extras::addFullscreenControl() %>%
  addMiniMap(tiles = providers$"Esri.NatGeoWorldMap",
             zoomLevelOffset = -6, width = 100, height = 100)

map 



```

## Collaborative GIS Environment

In addition to numerous layers documenting fieldwork activities since 2020, a summary of background information spatial layers and tables loaded to the collaborative GIS project (`r params$gis_project_name`) at the
time of writing (`r format(lubridate::now(), "%Y-%m-%d")`) are included 
`r if(identical(gitbook_on, FALSE)){knitr::asis_output("online [here](https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_skeena_2023_reporting/)")}else{knitr::asis_output("in Table \\@ref(tab:tab-rfp-tracking).")}`

```{r rfp-metadata, eval = params$update_gis}
# grab the metadata
md <- rfp::rfp_meta_bcd_xref()

# burn locally so we don't nee to wait for it
md |> 
  readr::write_csv("data/rfp_metadata.csv")
```


```{r rfp-tracking-copy, eval = params$update_gis}

md_raw <- readr::read_csv("data/rfp_metadata.csv")

md <- dplyr::bind_rows(
  md_raw,
  rfp::rfp_xref_layers_custom
) 
                    
# first we will copy the doc from the Q project to this repo - the location of the Q project is outside of the repo!!
q_path_stub <- "~/Projects/gis/sern_skeena_2023/"

# this is differnet than Neexdzii Kwa as it lists layers vs tracking file (tracking file is newer than this project).  
# could revert really easily to the tracking file if we wanted to.
gis_layers_ls <- sf::st_layers(paste0(q_path_stub, "background_layers.gpkg")) 

gis_layers <- tibble::tibble(content = gis_layers_ls[["name"]])
   
# remove the `_vw` from the end of content
rfp_tracking_prep <- dplyr::left_join(
  gis_layers |> 
    dplyr::distinct(content, .keep_all = FALSE),
  
  md |> 
    dplyr::select(content = object_name, url = url_browser, description),
  
  by = "content"
) |> 
  dplyr::arrange(content)

rfp_tracking_prep |> 
  readr::write_csv("data/rfp_tracking_prep.csv")

```

```{r tab-rfp-tracking, eval= gitbook_on}
rfp_tracking_prep <- readr::read_csv(
  "data/rfp_tracking_prep.csv"
) 

rfp_tracking_prep |> 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = "Layers loaded to collaborative GIS project.",
                 footnote_text = "Metadata information for bcfishpass and bcfishobs layers can be provided here in the future but  currently can usually be sourced from https://smnorris.github.io/bcfishpass/06_data_dictionary.html .",
                 scroll = gitbook_on)



```




## Phase 1 - Fish Passage Assessemnts

Field assessments were conducted between `r format(min(pscis_phase1$date), format="%B %d, %Y")` and `r format(max(pscis_phase1$date), format="%B %d, %Y")` by Allan Irvine, R.P.Bio. and Mateo Winterscheidt, B.Sc., Tieasha Pierre, Vern Joseph and Jesse Olson. A total of `r n_distinct(pscis_phase1$my_crossing_reference)` Fish Passage Assessments were completed at `r pscis_all %>% filter(source != 'pscis_phase2.xlsm') %>% nrow()` sites.  Although the focus of Fish Passage Assessment sites
in 2023 was within areas adjacent to the Skeena River from Hazelton to Terrace (Kispiox River and Kitsumkalum River watershed groups), numerous sites were also assessed throughout other areas of the Kispiox, Zymoetz, Bulkley and Morice River watershed groups.

<br>

Of the `r pscis_all %>% filter(source != 'pscis_phase2.xlsm') %>% nrow()` sites where fish passage assessments were completed, `r `r pscis_phase1 |> nrow()` were not yet inventoried in the PSCIS system.  This included `r pscis_phase1 %>% filter(barrier_result == 'Passable') %>% nrow()` crossings considered "passable", `r pscis_phase1 %>% filter(barrier_result == 'Potential') %>% nrow() %>% english::as.english()` crossings considered "potential" barriers and `r pscis_phase1 %>% filter(barrier_result == 'Barrier') %>% nrow()` crossings considered "barriers" according to threshold values based on culvert embedment, outlet drop, slope, diameter (relative to channel size) and length [@fish_passage_assessments]. Additionally, although all were considered fully passable, `r pscis_phase1 %>% filter(barrier_result == 'Unknown') %>% nrow() %>% english::as.english()` crossings assessed were fords and ranked as "unknown" according to the provincial protocol. 

<br>

Reassessments were completed at `r pscis_reassessments |> nrow()` sites where PSICS data required updating.

<br>

A summary of crossings assessed, a rough cost estimate for remediation and a priority ranking for follow up for Phase 1 sites is presented in Table \@ref(tab:cost-est-phase-1). Detailed data with photos are presented in `r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("[Appendix - Phase 1 Fish Passage Assessment Data and Photos]")} else knitr::asis_output("[Attachment 2](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2023_reporting/appendix---phase-1-fish-passage-assessment-data-and-photos.html")`.


<br>

"Barrier" and "Potential Barrier" rankings used in this project followed @fish_passage_assessments and reflect an assessment of passability for juvenile salmon or small resident rainbow trout at any flows potentially present throughout the year [@clarkinNationalInventoryAssessment2005 ;@bellFisheriesHandbookEngineering1991; @thompsonAssessingFishPassage2013]. As noted in @bourne_etal2011Barriersfish, with a detailed review of different criteria in @kemp_ohanley2010Proceduresevaluating, passability of barriers can be quantified in many different ways. Fish physiology (i.e. species, length, swim speeds) can make defining passability complex but with important implications for evaluating connectivity and prioritizing remediation candidates [@bourne_etal2011Barriersfish; @shaw_etal2016Importancepartial; @mahlum_etal2014EvaluatingBarrier; @kemp_ohanley2010Proceduresevaluating].  @washingtondepartmentoffishwildlife2009FishPassage present criteria for assigning passability scores to culverts that have already been assessed as barriers in coarser level assessments. These passability scores provide additional information to feed into decision making processes related to the prioritization of remediation site candidates and have potential for application in British Columbia.  


`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("")} else knitr::asis_output("<br><br><br><br>")`

<br>


```{r cost-est-phase-1}

 tab_cost_est_phase1 %>%
  select(`PSCIS ID`:`Cost Est ( $K)`) %>% 
   fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = 'Upstream habitat estimates and cost benefit analysis for Phase 1 assessments conducted on sites not yet inventoried in PSCIS. Steelhead network model (total length stream network <20% gradient).',
                  scroll = gitbook_on)
```

<br>

## Phase 2 - Habitat Confirmation Assessments

During 2023 field assessments, habitat confirmation assessments were conducted at seven sites in the Morice River and Zymoetz River watershed groups.  A total of approximately `r habitat_confirmations_priorities %>% pull(length_surveyed) %>% sum(na.rm = T) %>% round(-3)/1000`km of stream was assessed, fish sampling utilizing electrofishing surveys were conducted at four of the subject habitat confirmation streams. Georeferenced field maps are presented in Attachment 1.

<br>

As collaborative decision making was ongoing at the time of reporting, site prioritization can be considered preliminary. 
Results are summarized in `r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("Figure \\@ref(fig:map-interactive) and ")}`Tables \@ref(tab:tab-overview) - \@ref(fig:plot-fish-all) with raw habitat and fish sampling data included in digital format [here](https://github.com/NewGraphEnvironment/fish_passage_skeena_2023_reporting/blob/main/data/habitat_confirmations.xls).  A summary of preliminary modelling results illustrating the estimated chinook, coho and steelhead spawning and rearing habitat potentially available upstream of each crossing as estimated by measured/modelled channel width and upstream accessible stream length are presented in Figure \@ref(fig:plot-model-all). Detailed information for each site assessed with Phase 2 assessments (including maps) are presented within site specific appendices to this document.

`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("")} else knitr::asis_output("<br><br><br><br>")`

<br>


```{r tab-overview, eval = TRUE}
table_phase2_overview <- function(dat, caption_text = '', font = font_set, scroll = TRUE){
  dat2 <- dat %>%
    kable(caption = caption_text, booktabs = T, label = NA) %>%
    kableExtra::kable_styling(c("condensed"),
                              full_width = T,
                              font_size = font) %>%
    kableExtra::column_spec(column = c(9), width_min = '1.5in') %>%
    kableExtra::column_spec(column = c(5), width_max = '1in')

  if(identical(scroll,TRUE)){
    dat2 <- dat2 %>%
      kableExtra::scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "500px")
  }
  dat2
}

tab_overview %>% 
  select(-Tenure) %>%
  table_phase2_overview(caption_text = 'Overview of habitat confirmation sites. Steelhead rearing model used for habitat estimates (total length of stream segments <7.5% gradient)', 
                        scroll = gitbook_on)

```

`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("<br>")} else knitr::asis_output("\\pagebreak")`


```{r}
fpr::fpr_table_cv_summary(dat = pscis_phase2) %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = 'Summary of Phase 2 fish passage reassessments.', scroll = F)
```


`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("<br>")} else knitr::asis_output("\\pagebreak")`


```{r cost-est-phase-2, eval=TRUE}
tab_cost_est_phase2_report %>%
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = 'Cost benefit analysis for Phase 2 assessments. Steelhead rearing model used (total length of stream segments <7.5% gradient)',
                 scroll = gitbook_on)

```


`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("<br>")} else knitr::asis_output("\\pagebreak")`

```{r tab-habitat-summary}
tab_hab_summary %>% 
  filter(Location %ilike% 'upstream') %>% 
  select(-Location) %>% 
  rename(`PSCIS ID` = Site, `Length surveyed upstream (m)` = `Length Surveyed (m)`) %>%
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = 'Summary of Phase 2 habitat confirmation details.', scroll = F)


```

<br>

```{r tab-wshd-sum-all}
fpr::fpr_table_wshd_sum() %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = paste0('Summary of watershed area statistics upstream of Phase 2 crossings.'),
                                 footnote_text = 'Elev P60 = Elevation at which 60% of the watershed area is above', scroll = F)

```

<br>

```{r plot-model-all, fig.cap='Summary of potential habitat upstream of habitat confirmation assessment sites estimated based on modelled channel width and upstream channel length.', eval=T}


bcfp_xref_plot <- xref_bcfishpass_names %>% 
  filter(!is.na(id_join) &
           !bcfishpass %ilike% 'below' &
           !bcfishpass %ilike% 'all' &
           !bcfishpass %ilike% '_ha' &
           (bcfishpass %ilike% 'rearing' | 
              bcfishpass %ilike% 'spawning')) 

bcfishpass_phase2_plot_prep <- bcfishpass %>% 
  mutate(across(where(is.numeric), round, 1)) %>%
    filter(stream_crossing_id %in% (pscis_phase2 %>% pull(pscis_crossing_id))) %>% 
  select(stream_crossing_id, all_of(bcfp_xref_plot$bcfishpass)) %>% 
  # filter(stream_crossing_id != 197665) %>% 
  mutate(stream_crossing_id = as.factor(stream_crossing_id)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(cols = ch_spawning_km:st_rearing_km)  %>% 
  filter(value > 0.0 &
           !is.na(value)
         , !name %ilike% 'sk'
         ) %>% 
  mutate(
    # name = stringr::str_replace_all(name, '_belowupstrbarriers_km', ''),
         name = stringr::str_replace_all(name, '_rearing', ' rearing'),
         name = stringr::str_replace_all(name, '_spawning', ' spawning'))
    # rename('Habitat type' = name,
    #        "Habitat (km)" = value)
  
  
  
 bcfishpass_phase2_plot_prep %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = stream_crossing_id, y = value)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
  facet_wrap(~name, ncol = 2)+
  ggdark::dark_theme_bw(base_size = 11)+
   theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=0.5)) +
  labs(x = "Site", y = "Modelled habitat (km)")


```


### Fish Sampling


Fish sampling was conducted at `r tab_fish_sites_sum %>% n_distinct()` sites within `r streams_ef_n` streams a total of `r hab_fish_indiv %>% filter(species_code != 'NFC') %>% nrow()` fish captured. At all electrofishing sitesm, salmonids with fork lengths >60mm were tagged with PIT tags to facitate the tracking of health and movement over time.  Fork length data was used to delineate salmonids based on life stages: fry (0 to 65mm), parr (>65 to 110mm), juvenile (>110mm to 140mm) and adult (>140mm) by visually assessing the histograms presented in Figure \@ref(fig:fish-histogram).  A summary of sites assessed are included in Table \@ref(tab:tab-fish-site-summary) and raw data is provided in [Attachment 3](https://github.com/NewGraphEnvironment/fish_passage_skeena_2023_reporting/blob/main/data/habitat_confirmations.xls). A summary of density results for all life stages combined of select species is also presented in Figure \@ref(fig:plot-fish-all). Results are presented in greater detail within individual habitat confirmation site appendices.

<br>

```{r fish-histogram, fig.cap= 'Histograms of fish lengths by species.  Fish captured by electrofishing during habitat confirmation assessments.', eval = T}
knitr::include_graphics("fig/fish_histogram.png")

```


`r if(gitbook_on){knitr::asis_output("")} else knitr::asis_output("<br><br><br><br>")`

<br>

```{r tab-fish-site-summary}
tab_fish_sites_sum %>% 
  fpr::fpr_kable(caption_text = 'Summary of electrofishing sites.')
```

<br>

```{r plot-fish-all, fig.cap='Boxplots of densities (fish/100m2) of fish captured by electrofishing during habitat confirmation assessments.', eval=T}
plot_fish_box_all <-  fish_abund %>% #tab_fish_density_prep
    filter(
      !species_code %in% c('MW', 'SU', 'NFC', 'CT', 'LSU')
    ) %>%
    ggplot(., aes(x = location, y =density_100m2)) +
    geom_boxplot()+
    facet_grid(site ~ species_code, scales ="fixed", #life_stage
               as.table = T)+
    # theme_bw()+
    theme(legend.position = "none", axis.title.x=element_blank()) +
    geom_dotplot(binaxis='y', stackdir='center', dotsize=1)+
    ylab(expression(Density ~ (Fish/100 ~  m^2))) +
    ggdark::dark_theme_bw()

plot_fish_box_all
```

## Phase 3 - Design
At the time of reporting, designs for remediation of fish passage had been completed for the following sites listed by watershed group:


### Bulkley River

- McDowell Creek - PSCIS 58159 - Private Road.  Design for clear-span bridge completed in 2021 Onsite Engineering with
funding provided through this program. Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Tyhee Creek - PSCIS 123445 - Highway 16. Preliminary design commissioned from Pacific North Coast Consulting by Canadian Wildlife Federation.  Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Helps Creek - PSCIS 124500 - Lawson Road. Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Thompson Creek - 123377 - Walcott Road.  At the time of reporting, geotechnical assessments were underway from consultants
under contract to the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
to inform the design of the replacement structure. Background presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/). 
- Tributary to Buck Creek - PSCIS 197640 - Buck Flats Road. Preliminary design commisioned from Pacific North Coast Consulting by Canadian Wildlife Federation. Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Station  Creek (also know as Mission Creek) - PSCIS 124420. Preliminary design commisioned from Pacific North Coast Consulting by Canadian Wildlife Federation. Background presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/).
- Tributary to Skeena River - PSCIS 198217 - Sik-E-Dakh Water Tower Road. Design for clear-span bridge completed in 2023
by Onsite Engineering with funding provided through this program. Background information [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/)

### Morice River

- Riddeck Creek - PSCIS 197360 - Morice-Owen FSR. Design developed by consultants under contract to the Ministry of 
Water, Lands and Resource Stewardship. Some materials have been purchased for construction and the site has been incorporated
into the Bii Wenii Kwa Restoration/Recovery Plan lead by the Office of the Wet’suwet’en. Background presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Alvin Creek - PSCIS 197379 - Morice-Owen FSR (km 29.8).  Design developed by Mark Dewitt from the Ministry of Forests. Background presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/). the site has been incorporated
into the Bii Wenii Kwa Restoration/Recovery Plan lead by the Office of the Wet’suwet’en.



### Kispiox River

- Tributary to Skeena River - PSCIS 198217 - Sik-E-Dakh Water Tower Road. Background information [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/)


## Phase 4 - Remediations

Remediation of fish passage has been completed at the following sites (listed by watershed group):

### Bulkley River 
- McDowell Creek - 58159 - Private Road.  Replaced with a clear-span bridge in 2022 with remediation work led by the Canadian Wildlife Federation. Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).
- Robert Hatch Creek - 197912 - Unnamed Road. Removal of the collapsed bridge in 2022 with remediation work led by the Canadian Wildlife Federation. Background presented  [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/).


### Kispiox River
- Tributary to Skeena River - 198217 - Sik-E-Dakh Water Tower Road.  Replacement of the crossing with a clear-span bridge in 2024
with remediation work led by the Gitskan Watershed Authorities. Background information - updated in 2024 - [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/)


## Monitoring

Ten sites where habitat confirmations were conducted in the past were revisited in 2023 to gather data to further inform prioritization and or to provide data for effectiveness monitoring. Below are sites visited (listed by watershed group) with details of data collected and links to reporting provided. 

### Bulkley River 

- Tributary to Buck Creek - PSCIS 197640 - Buck Flats Road.  Revisited with the intention to conduct fish sampling however the stream was primarily dry with water present only within a small culvert outlet pool. The culvert was reassessed for fish passage with results presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).


- Helps Creek - PSCIS 124500 - Lawson Road. Electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked over time. Aerial imagery was also collected utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle.  Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/).

- Thompson Creek - PSCIS 123377 -  Walcott Road. Electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked over time. Aerial imagery was also collected utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle.  Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/).

- Gramophone Creek - PSCIS 58067 - Telkwa High Road. The site was revisited to scope for downstream barriers with the entire length of stream between Telkwa High Road and the Bulkley River surveyed.  A canyon was discovered approximately 600m from the Bulkley River and dip nettting was conducted below.  Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2022_reporting/).

### Morice River

All sites below have been incorporated
into the Bii Wenii Kwa Restoration/Recovery Plan lead by the Office of the Wet’suwet’en.

- Riddeck Creek - PSCIS 197360 - Morice-Owen FSR. Electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked over time.  Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/). 

- Alvin Creek - PSCIS 197379 - Morice-Owen FSR (km 29.8). Revisited with the intention to conduct fish sampling however the stream was primarily dry with water present only within a small culvert outlet pool. Areas electrofished in 2022 were surveyed with PIT tag reader to scope for tags from potential mortalities related 
to the dewatering.  Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/). 

- Tributary to Owen Creek - PSCIS 197378 - Klate lake Road. Electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked over time. Aerial imagery was also collected utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle. Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting/)


### Kispiox River

- Tributary to Skeena River - PSCIS 198217 - Sik-E-Dakh Water Tower Road.  Prior to replacement of the crosssing in the spring of 2024, electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked over time. Additionally, lidar imagery was also collected utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle.  Aerial imagery and lidar data were collected with a drone. Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/).

- Dale Creek - PSCIS 198215 - Kispiox Westside Road. Electrofishing was conducted above and below the crossing and fish over 60mm were tagged with PIT tags so that their movement and health can be tracked as part of effectiveness monitoring at the site. Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/).

- Sterritt creek - 198225 - Babine Slide FSR.  Revisited with the intention to conduct fish sampling however, before sampling was conducted surveyors observed a 2 - 3m high near vertical cascade flowing over bedrock into the small culvert outlet pool immediately below the FSR. It was decided to not proceed with electrofishing as replacement of the culvert with a bridge would not facilitate upstream fish migration. Results are presented [here](https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_skeena_2022_reporting/).