When your application receives a request, it calls a
:doc:`controller action </controller>` to generate the response. The routing
configuration defines which action to run for each incoming URL. It also
provides other useful features, like generating SEO-friendly URLs (e.g.
/read/intro-to-symfony instead of index.php?article_id=57).
Routes can be configured in YAML, XML, PHP or using attributes. All formats provide the same features and performance, so choose your favorite. :ref:`Symfony recommends attributes <best-practice-controller-attributes>` because it's convenient to put the route and controller in the same place.
PHP attributes allow to define routes next to the code of the :doc:`controllers </controller>` associated to those routes. Attributes are native in PHP 8 and higher versions, so you can use them right away.
You need to add a bit of configuration to your project before using them. If your project uses :ref:`Symfony Flex <symfony-flex>`, this file is already created for you. Otherwise, create the following file manually:
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource:
path: ../../src/Controller/
namespace: App\Controller
type: attribute
kernel:
resource: App\Kernel
type: attributeThis configuration tells Symfony to look for routes defined as attributes on
classes declared in the App\Controller namespace and stored in the
src/Controller/ directory which follows the PSR-4 standard. The kernel can
act as a controller too, which is especially useful for small applications that
use Symfony as a microframework.
Suppose you want to define a route for the /blog URL in your application. To
do so, create a :doc:`controller class </controller>` like the following:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog', name: 'blog_list')]
public function list(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
This configuration defines a route called blog_list that matches when the
user requests the /blog URL. When the match occurs, the application runs
the list() method of the BlogController class.
Note
The query string of a URL is not considered when matching routes. In this
example, URLs like /blog?foo=bar and /blog?foo=bar&bar=foo will
also match the blog_list route.
Caution!
If you define multiple PHP classes in the same file, Symfony only loads the routes of the first class, ignoring all the other routes.
The route name (blog_list) is not important for now, but it will be
essential later when :ref:`generating URLs <routing-generating-urls>`. You only
have to keep in mind that each route name must be unique in the application.
Instead of defining routes in the controller classes, you can define them in a separate YAML, XML or PHP file. The main advantage is that they don't require any extra dependency. The main drawback is that you have to work with multiple files when checking the routing of some controller action.
The following example shows how to define in YAML/XML/PHP a route called
blog_list that associates the /blog URL with the list() action of
the BlogController:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_list:
path: /blog
# the controller value has the format 'controller_class::method_name'
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::list
# if the action is implemented as the __invoke() method of the
# controller class, you can skip the '::method_name' part:
# controller: App\Controller\BlogController
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<!-- the controller value has the format 'controller_class::method_name' -->
<route id="blog_list" path="/blog"
controller="App\Controller\BlogController::list"/>
<!-- if the action is implemented as the __invoke() method of the
controller class, you can skip the '::method_name' part:
controller="App\Controller\BlogController"/> -->
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_list', '/blog')
// the controller value has the format [controller_class, method_name]
->controller([BlogController::class, 'list'])
// if the action is implemented as the __invoke() method of the
// controller class, you can skip the 'method_name' part:
// ->controller(BlogController::class)
;
};
Note
By default Symfony only loads the routes defined in YAML format. If you define routes in XML and/or PHP formats, you need to :ref:`update the src/Kernel.php file <configuration-formats>`.
By default, routes match any HTTP verb (GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
Use the methods option to restrict the verbs each route should respond to:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogApiController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogApiController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/api/posts/{id}', methods: ['GET', 'HEAD'])]
public function show(int $id): Response
{
// ... return a JSON response with the post
}
#[Route('/api/posts/{id}', methods: ['PUT'])]
public function edit(int $id): Response
{
// ... edit a post
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
api_post_show:
path: /api/posts/{id}
controller: App\Controller\BlogApiController::show
methods: GET|HEAD
api_post_edit:
path: /api/posts/{id}
controller: App\Controller\BlogApiController::edit
methods: PUT
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="api_post_show" path="/api/posts/{id}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogApiController::show"
methods="GET|HEAD"/>
<route id="api_post_edit" path="/api/posts/{id}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogApiController::edit"
methods="PUT"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogApiController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('api_post_show', '/api/posts/{id}')
->controller([BlogApiController::class, 'show'])
->methods(['GET', 'HEAD'])
;
$routes->add('api_post_edit', '/api/posts/{id}')
->controller([BlogApiController::class, 'edit'])
->methods(['PUT'])
;
};
Tip
HTML forms only support GET and POST methods. If you're calling a
route with a different method from an HTML form, add a hidden field called
_method with the method to use (e.g. <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">).
If you create your forms with :doc:`Symfony Forms </forms>` this is done
automatically for you when the :ref:`framework.http_method_override <configuration-framework-http_method_override>`
option is true.
Use the condition option if you need some route to match based on some
arbitrary matching logic:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/DefaultController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class DefaultController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route(
'/contact',
name: 'contact',
condition: "context.getMethod() in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '/firefox/i'",
// expressions can also include config parameters:
// condition: "request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '%app.allowed_browsers%'"
)]
public function contact(): Response
{
// ...
}
#[Route(
'/posts/{id}',
name: 'post_show',
// expressions can retrieve route parameter values using the "params" variable
condition: "params['id'] < 1000"
)]
public function showPost(int $id): Response
{
// ... return a JSON response with the post
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
contact:
path: /contact
controller: 'App\Controller\DefaultController::contact'
condition: "context.getMethod() in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '/firefox/i'"
# expressions can also include configuration parameters:
# condition: "request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '%app.allowed_browsers%'"
# expressions can even use environment variables:
# condition: "context.getHost() == env('APP_MAIN_HOST')"
post_show:
path: /posts/{id}
controller: 'App\Controller\DefaultController::showPost'
# expressions can retrieve route parameter values using the "params" variable
condition: "params['id'] < 1000"
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="contact" path="/contact" controller="App\Controller\DefaultController::contact">
<condition>context.getMethod() in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '/firefox/i'</condition>
<!-- expressions can also include configuration parameters: -->
<!-- <condition>request.headers.get('User-Agent') matches '%app.allowed_browsers%'</condition> -->
<!-- expressions can even use environment variables: -->
<!-- <condition>context.getHost() == env('APP_MAIN_HOST')</condition> -->
</route>
<route id="post_show" path="/posts/{id}" controller="App\Controller\DefaultController::showPost">
<!-- expressions can retrieve route parameter values using the "params" variable -->
<condition>params['id'] < 1000</condition>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\DefaultController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('contact', '/contact')
->controller([DefaultController::class, 'contact'])
->condition('context.getMethod() in ["GET", "HEAD"] and request.headers.get("User-Agent") matches "/firefox/i"')
// expressions can also include configuration parameters:
// ->condition('request.headers.get("User-Agent") matches "%app.allowed_browsers%"')
// expressions can even use environment variables:
// ->condition('context.getHost() == env("APP_MAIN_HOST")')
;
$routes->add('post_show', '/posts/{id}')
->controller([DefaultController::class, 'showPost'])
// expressions can retrieve route parameter values using the "params" variable
->condition('params["id"] < 1000')
;
};
The value of the condition option is an expression using any valid
:doc:`expression language syntax </reference/formats/expression_language>` and
can use any of these variables created by Symfony:
context- An instance of :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\RequestContext`, which holds the most fundamental information about the route being matched.
request- The :ref:`Symfony Request <component-http-foundation-request>` object that represents the current request.
params- An array of matched :ref:`route parameters <routing-route-parameters>` for the current route.
You can also use these functions:
env(string $name)- Returns the value of a variable using :doc:`Environment Variable Processors <configuration/env_var_processors>`
service(string $alias)Returns a routing condition service.
First, add the
#[AsRoutingConditionService]attribute orrouting.condition_servicetag to the services that you want to use in route conditions:use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Routing\Attribute\AsRoutingConditionService; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; #[AsRoutingConditionService(alias: 'route_checker')] class RouteChecker { public function check(Request $request): bool { // ... } }Then, use the
service()function to refer to that service inside conditions:// Controller (using an alias): #[Route(condition: "service('route_checker').check(request)")] // Or without alias: #[Route(condition: "service('App\\\Service\\\RouteChecker').check(request)")]
Behind the scenes, expressions are compiled down to raw PHP. Because of this,
using the condition key causes no extra overhead beyond the time it takes
for the underlying PHP to execute.
Caution!
Conditions are not taken into account when generating URLs (which is explained later in this article).
As your application grows, you'll eventually have a lot of routes. Symfony
includes some commands to help you debug routing issues. First, the debug:router
command lists all your application routes in the same order in which Symfony
evaluates them:
$ php bin/console debug:router
---------------- ------- ------- ----- --------------------------------------------
Name Method Scheme Host Path
---------------- ------- ------- ----- --------------------------------------------
homepage ANY ANY ANY /
contact GET ANY ANY /contact
contact_process POST ANY ANY /contact
article_show ANY ANY ANY /articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format}
blog ANY ANY ANY /blog/{page}
blog_show ANY ANY ANY /blog/{slug}
---------------- ------- ------- ----- --------------------------------------------
Pass the name (or part of the name) of some route to this argument to print the route details:
$ php bin/console debug:router app_lucky_number
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Route Name | app_lucky_number |
| Path | /lucky/number/{max} |
| ... | ... |
| Options | compiler_class: Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCompiler |
| | utf8: true |
+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
Tip
Use the --show-aliases option to show all available aliases for a given
route.
The other command is called router:match and it shows which route will match
the given URL. It's useful to find out why some URL is not executing the
controller action that you expect:
$ php bin/console router:match /lucky/number/8
[OK] Route "app_lucky_number" matches
The previous examples defined routes where the URL never changes (e.g. /blog).
However, it's common to define routes where some parts are variable. For example,
the URL to display some blog post will probably include the title or slug
(e.g. /blog/my-first-post or /blog/all-about-symfony).
In Symfony routes, variable parts are wrapped in { }.
For example, the route to display the blog post contents is defined as /blog/{slug}:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
// ...
#[Route('/blog/{slug}', name: 'blog_show')]
public function show(string $slug): Response
{
// $slug will equal the dynamic part of the URL
// e.g. at /blog/yay-routing, then $slug='yay-routing'
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_show:
path: /blog/{slug}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::show
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_show" path="/blog/{slug}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogController::show"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_show', '/blog/{slug}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'show'])
;
};
The name of the variable part ({slug} in this example) is used to create a
PHP variable where that route content is stored and passed to the controller.
If a user visits the /blog/my-first-post URL, Symfony executes the show()
method in the BlogController class and passes a $slug = 'my-first-post'
argument to the show() method.
Routes can define any number of parameters, but each of them can only be used
once on each route (e.g. /blog/posts-about-{category}/page/{pageNumber}).
Imagine that your application has a blog_show route (URL: /blog/{slug})
and a blog_list route (URL: /blog/{page}). Given that route parameters
accept any value, there's no way to differentiate both routes.
If the user requests /blog/my-first-post, both routes will match and Symfony
will use the route which was defined first. To fix this, add some validation to
the {page} parameter using the requirements option:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog/{page}', name: 'blog_list', requirements: ['page' => '\d+'])]
public function list(int $page): Response
{
// ...
}
#[Route('/blog/{slug}', name: 'blog_show')]
public function show($slug): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_list:
path: /blog/{page}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::list
requirements:
page: '\d+'
blog_show:
path: /blog/{slug}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::show
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_list" path="/blog/{page}" controller="App\Controller\BlogController::list">
<requirement key="page">\d+</requirement>
</route>
<route id="blog_show" path="/blog/{slug}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogController::show"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_list', '/blog/{page}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'list'])
->requirements(['page' => '\d+'])
;
$routes->add('blog_show', '/blog/{slug}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'show'])
;
// ...
};
The requirements option defines the PHP regular expressions that route
parameters must match for the entire route to match. In this example, \d+ is
a regular expression that matches a digit of any length. Now:
| URL | Route | Parameters |
|---|---|---|
/blog/2 |
blog_list |
$page = 2 |
/blog/my-first-post |
blog_show |
$slug = my-first-post |
Tip
The :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Requirement\\Requirement` enum contains a collection of commonly used regular-expression constants such as digits, dates and UUIDs which can be used as route parameter requirements.
Tip
Route requirements (and route paths too) can include :ref:`configuration parameters <configuration-parameters>`, which is useful to define complex regular expressions once and reuse them in multiple routes.
Tip
Parameters also support PCRE Unicode properties, which are escape
sequences that match generic character types. For example, \p{Lu}
matches any uppercase character in any language, \p{Greek} matches any
Greek characters, etc.
Note
When using regular expressions in route parameters, you can set the utf8
route option to true to make any . character match any UTF-8
characters instead of just a single byte.
If you prefer, requirements can be inlined in each parameter using the syntax
{parameter_name<requirements>}. This feature makes configuration more
concise, but it can decrease route readability when requirements are complex:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog/{page<\d+>}', name: 'blog_list')]
public function list(int $page): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_list:
path: /blog/{page<\d+>}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::list
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_list" path="/blog/{page<\d+>}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogController::list"/>
<!-- ... -->
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_list', '/blog/{page<\d+>}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'list'])
;
// ...
};
In the previous example, the URL of blog_list is /blog/{page}. If users
visit /blog/1, it will match. But if they visit /blog, it will not
match. As soon as you add a parameter to a route, it must have a value.
You can make blog_list once again match when the user visits /blog by
adding a default value for the {page} parameter. When using attributes,
default values are defined in the arguments of the controller action. In the
other configuration formats they are defined with the defaults option:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog/{page}', name: 'blog_list', requirements: ['page' => '\d+'])]
public function list(int $page = 1): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_list:
path: /blog/{page}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::list
defaults:
page: 1
requirements:
page: '\d+'
blog_show:
# ...
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_list" path="/blog/{page}" controller="App\Controller\BlogController::list">
<default key="page">1</default>
<requirement key="page">\d+</requirement>
</route>
<!-- ... -->
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_list', '/blog/{page}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'list'])
->defaults(['page' => 1])
->requirements(['page' => '\d+'])
;
};
Now, when the user visits /blog, the blog_list route will match and
$page will default to a value of 1.
Caution!
You can have more than one optional parameter (e.g. /blog/{slug}/{page}),
but everything after an optional parameter must be optional. For example,
/{page}/blog is a valid path, but page will always be required
(i.e. /blog will not match this route).
If you want to always include some default value in the generated URL (for
example to force the generation of /blog/1 instead of /blog in the
previous example) add the ! character before the parameter name: /blog/{!page}
As it happens with requirements, default values can also be inlined in each
parameter using the syntax {parameter_name?default_value}. This feature
is compatible with inlined requirements, so you can inline both in a single
parameter:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog/{page<\d+>?1}', name: 'blog_list')]
public function list(int $page): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_list:
path: /blog/{page<\d+>?1}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::list
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_list" path="/blog/{page<\d+>?1}"
controller="App\Controller\BlogController::list"/>
<!-- ... -->
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_list', '/blog/{page<\d+>?1}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'list'])
;
};
Tip
To give a null default value to any parameter, add nothing after the
? character (e.g. /blog/{page?}). If you do this, don't forget to
update the types of the related controller arguments to allow passing
null values (e.g. replace int $page by ?int $page).
Symfony evaluates routes in the order they are defined. If the path of a route
matches many different patterns, it might prevent other routes from being
matched. In YAML and XML you can move the route definitions up or down in the
configuration file to control their priority. In routes defined as PHP
attributes this is much harder to do, so you can set the
optional priority parameter in those routes to control their priority:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
/**
* This route has a greedy pattern and is defined first.
*/
#[Route('/blog/{slug}', name: 'blog_show')]
public function show(string $slug): Response
{
// ...
}
/**
* This route could not be matched without defining a higher priority than 0.
*/
#[Route('/blog/list', name: 'blog_list', priority: 2)]
public function list(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
The priority parameter expects an integer value. Routes with higher priority
are sorted before routes with lower priority. The default value when it is not
defined is 0.
A common routing need is to convert the value stored in some parameter (e.g. an integer acting as the user ID) into another value (e.g. the object that represents the user). This feature is called a "param converter".
Now, keep the previous route configuration, but change the arguments of the
controller action. Instead of string $slug, add BlogPost $post:
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
// ...
#[Route('/blog/{slug}', name: 'blog_show')]
public function show(BlogPost $post): Response
{
// $post is the object whose slug matches the routing parameter
// ...
}
}
If your controller arguments include type-hints for objects (BlogPost in
this case), the "param converter" makes a database request to find the object
using the request parameters (slug in this case). If no object is found,
Symfony generates a 404 response automatically.
Check out the :ref:`Doctrine param conversion documentation <doctrine-entity-value-resolver>`
to learn about the #[MapEntity] attribute that can be used to customize the
database queries used to fetch the object from the route parameter.
You can use PHP backed enumerations as route parameters because Symfony will convert them automatically to their scalar values.
// src/Controller/OrderController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use App\Enum\OrderStatusEnum;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class OrderController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/orders/list/{status}', name: 'list_orders_by_status')]
public function list(OrderStatusEnum $status = OrderStatusEnum::Paid): Response
{
// ...
}
}
In addition to your own parameters, routes can include any of the following special parameters created by Symfony:
_controller- This parameter is used to determine which controller and action is executed when the route is matched.
_format- The matched value is used to set the "request format" of the
Requestobject. This is used for such things as setting theContent-Typeof the response (e.g. ajsonformat translates into aContent-Typeofapplication/json). _fragment- Used to set the fragment identifier, which is the optional last part of a URL that
starts with a
#character and is used to identify a portion of a document. _locale- Used to set the :ref:`locale <translation-locale-url>` on the request.
You can include these attributes (except _fragment) both in individual routes
and in route imports. Symfony defines some special attributes with the same name
(except for the leading underscore) so you can define them easier:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/ArticleController.php
namespace App\Controller;
// ...
class ArticleController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route(
path: '/articles/{_locale}/search.{_format}',
locale: 'en',
format: 'html',
requirements: [
'_locale' => 'en|fr',
'_format' => 'html|xml',
],
)]
public function search(): Response
{
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
article_search:
path: /articles/{_locale}/search.{_format}
controller: App\Controller\ArticleController::search
locale: en
format: html
requirements:
_locale: en|fr
_format: html|xml
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="article_search"
path="/articles/{_locale}/search.{_format}"
controller="App\Controller\ArticleController::search"
locale="en"
format="html">
<requirement key="_locale">en|fr</requirement>
<requirement key="_format">html|xml</requirement>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
namespace Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator;
use App\Controller\ArticleController;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('article_show', '/articles/{_locale}/search.{_format}')
->controller([ArticleController::class, 'search'])
->locale('en')
->format('html')
->requirements([
'_locale' => 'en|fr',
'_format' => 'html|xml',
])
;
};
In the defaults option of a route you can optionally define parameters not
included in the route configuration. This is useful to pass extra arguments to
the controllers of the routes:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog/{page}', name: 'blog_index', defaults: ['page' => 1, 'title' => 'Hello world!'])]
public function index(int $page, string $title): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
blog_index:
path: /blog/{page}
controller: App\Controller\BlogController::index
defaults:
page: 1
title: "Hello world!"
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="blog_index" path="/blog/{page}" controller="App\Controller\BlogController::index">
<default key="page">1</default>
<default key="title">Hello world!</default>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\BlogController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('blog_index', '/blog/{page}')
->controller([BlogController::class, 'index'])
->defaults([
'page' => 1,
'title' => 'Hello world!',
])
;
};
Route parameters can contain any values except the / slash character,
because that's the character used to separate the different parts of the URLs.
For example, if the token value in the /share/{token} route contains a
/ character, this route won't match.
A possible solution is to change the parameter requirements to be more permissive:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/DefaultController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class DefaultController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/share/{token}', name: 'share', requirements: ['token' => '.+'])]
public function share($token): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
share:
path: /share/{token}
controller: App\Controller\DefaultController::share
requirements:
token: .+
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="share" path="/share/{token}" controller="App\Controller\DefaultController::share">
<requirement key="token">.+</requirement>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\DefaultController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('share', '/share/{token}')
->controller([DefaultController::class, 'share'])
->requirements([
'token' => '.+',
])
;
};
Note
If the route defines several parameters and you apply this permissive
regular expression to all of them, you might get unexpected results. For
example, if the route definition is /share/{path}/{token} and both
path and token accept /, then token will only get the last part
and the rest is matched by path.
Note
If the route includes the special {_format} parameter, you shouldn't
use the .+ requirement for the parameters that allow slashes. For example,
if the pattern is /share/{token}.{_format} and {token} allows any
character, the /share/foo/bar.json URL will consider foo/bar.json
as the token and the format will be empty. This can be solved by replacing
the .+ requirement by [^.]+ to allow any character except dots.
Route alias allow you to have multiple name for the same route:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
new_route_name:
alias: original_route_name
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="new_route_name" alias="original_route_name"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->alias('new_route_name', 'original_route_name');
};
In this example, both original_route_name and new_route_name routes can
be used in the application and will produce the same result.
If some route alias should no longer be used (because it is outdated or you decided not to maintain it anymore), you can deprecate its definition:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
new_route_name:
alias: original_route_name
# this outputs the following generic deprecation message:
# Since acme/package 1.2: The "new_route_name" route alias is deprecated. You should stop using it, as it will be removed in the future.
deprecated:
package: 'acme/package'
version: '1.2'
# you can also define a custom deprecation message (%alias_id% placeholder is available)
deprecated:
package: 'acme/package'
version: '1.2'
message: 'The "%alias_id%" route alias is deprecated. Do not use it anymore.'
.. code-block:: xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="new_route_name" alias="original_route_name">
<!-- this outputs the following generic deprecation message:
Since acme/package 1.2: The "new_route_name" route alias is deprecated. You should stop using it, as it will be removed in the future. -->
<deprecated package="acme/package" version="1.2"/>
<!-- you can also define a custom deprecation message (%alias_id% placeholder is available) -->
<deprecated package="acme/package" version="1.2">
The "%alias_id%" route alias is deprecated. Do not use it anymore.
</deprecated>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
$routes->alias('new_route_name', 'original_route_name')
// this outputs the following generic deprecation message:
// Since acme/package 1.2: The "new_route_name" route alias is deprecated. You should stop using it, as it will be removed in the future.
->deprecate('acme/package', '1.2', '')
// you can also define a custom deprecation message (%alias_id% placeholder is available)
->deprecate(
'acme/package',
'1.2',
'The "%alias_id%" route alias is deprecated. Do not use it anymore.'
)
;
In this example, every time the new_route_name alias is used, a deprecation
warning is triggered, advising you to stop using that alias.
The message is actually a message template, which replaces occurrences of the
%alias_id% placeholder by the route alias name. You must have
at least one occurrence of the %alias_id% placeholder in your template.
It's common for a group of routes to share some options (e.g. all routes related
to the blog start with /blog) That's why Symfony includes a feature to share
route configuration.
When defining routes as attributes, put the common configuration
in the #[Route] attribute of the controller class.
In other routing formats, define the common configuration using options
when importing the routes.
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
#[Route('/blog', requirements: ['_locale' => 'en|es|fr'], name: 'blog_')]
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/{_locale}', name: 'index')]
public function index(): Response
{
// ...
}
#[Route('/{_locale}/posts/{slug}', name: 'show')]
public function show(string $slug): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource: '../../src/Controller/'
type: attribute
# this is added to the beginning of all imported route URLs
prefix: '/blog'
# this is added to the beginning of all imported route names
name_prefix: 'blog_'
# these requirements are added to all imported routes
requirements:
_locale: 'en|es|fr'
# An imported route with an empty URL will become "/blog/"
# Uncomment this option to make that URL "/blog" instead
# trailing_slash_on_root: false
# you can optionally exclude some files/subdirectories when loading attributes
# (the value must be a string or an array of PHP glob patterns)
# exclude: '../../src/Controller/{Debug*Controller.php}'
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes/attributes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<!--
the 'prefix' value is added to the beginning of all imported route URLs
the 'name-prefix' value is added to the beginning of all imported route names
the 'exclude' option defines the files or subdirectories ignored when loading attributes
(the value must be a PHP glob pattern and you can repeat this option any number of times)
-->
<import resource="../../src/Controller/"
type="attribute"
prefix="/blog"
name-prefix="blog_"
exclude="../../src/Controller/{Debug*Controller.php}">
<!-- these requirements are added to all imported routes -->
<requirement key="_locale">en|es|fr</requirement>
</import>
<!-- An imported route with an empty URL will become "/blog/"
Uncomment this option to make that URL "/blog" instead -->
<import resource="../../src/Controller/" type="attribute"
prefix="/blog"
trailing-slash-on-root="false">
<!-- ... -->
</import>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes/attributes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->import(
'../../src/Controller/',
'attribute',
false,
// the optional fourth argument is used to exclude some files
// or subdirectories when loading attributes
// (the value must be a string or an array of PHP glob patterns)
'../../src/Controller/{Debug*Controller.php}'
)
// this is added to the beginning of all imported route URLs
->prefix('/blog')
// An imported route with an empty URL will become "/blog/"
// Pass FALSE as the second argument to make that URL "/blog" instead
// ->prefix('/blog', false)
// this is added to the beginning of all imported route names
->namePrefix('blog_')
// these requirements are added to all imported routes
->requirements(['_locale' => 'en|es|fr'])
;
};
In this example, the route of the index() action will be called blog_index
and its URL will be /blog/{_locale}. The route of the show() action will be called
blog_show and its URL will be /blog/{_locale}/posts/{slug}. Both routes
will also validate that the _locale parameter matches the regular expression
defined in the class attribute.
Note
If any of the prefixed routes defines an empty path, Symfony adds a trailing
slash to it. In the previous example, an empty path prefixed with /blog
will result in the /blog/ URL. If you want to avoid this behavior, set
the trailing_slash_on_root option to false (this option is not
available when using PHP attributes):
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource: '../../src/Controller/'
type: attribute
prefix: '/blog'
trailing_slash_on_root: false
# ...
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes/attributes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<import resource="../../src/Controller/"
type="attribute"
prefix="/blog"
name-prefix="blog_"
trailing-slash-on-root="false"
exclude="../../src/Controller/{DebugEmailController}.php">
<!-- ... -->
</import>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes/attributes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->import('../../src/Controller/', 'attribute')
// the second argument is the $trailingSlashOnRoot option
->prefix('/blog', false)
// ...
;
};
.. seealso::
Symfony can :doc:`import routes from different sources </routing/custom_route_loader>`
and you can even create your own route loader.
The Request object created by Symfony stores all the route configuration
(such as the name and parameters) in the "request attributes". You can get this
information in a controller via the Request object:
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog', name: 'blog_list')]
public function list(Request $request): Response
{
$routeName = $request->attributes->get('_route');
$routeParameters = $request->attributes->get('_route_params');
// use this to get all the available attributes (not only routing ones):
$allAttributes = $request->attributes->all();
// ...
}
}
In services, you can get this information by
:doc:`injecting the RequestStack service </service_container/request>`.
In templates, use the :ref:`Twig global app variable <twig-app-variable>`
to get the current route name (app.current_route) and its parameters
(app.current_route_parameters).
Symfony defines some special controllers to render templates and redirect to other routes from the route configuration so you don't have to create a controller action.
Read the section about :ref:`rendering a template from a route <templates-render-from-route>` in the main article about Symfony templates.
Use the RedirectController to redirect to other routes and URLs:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
doc_shortcut:
path: /doc
controller: Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\RedirectController
defaults:
route: 'doc_page'
# optionally you can define some arguments passed to the route
page: 'index'
version: 'current'
# redirections are temporary by default (code 302) but you can make them permanent (code 301)
permanent: true
# add this to keep the original query string parameters when redirecting
keepQueryParams: true
# add this to keep the HTTP method when redirecting. The redirect status changes
# * for temporary redirects, it uses the 307 status code instead of 302
# * for permanent redirects, it uses the 308 status code instead of 301
keepRequestMethod: true
# add this to remove all original route attributes when redirecting
ignoreAttributes: true
# or specify which attributes to ignore:
# ignoreAttributes: ['offset', 'limit']
legacy_doc:
path: /legacy/doc
controller: Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\RedirectController
defaults:
# this value can be an absolute path or an absolute URL
path: 'https://legacy.example.com/doc'
permanent: true
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="doc_shortcut" path="/doc"
controller="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\RedirectController">
<default key="route">doc_page</default>
<!-- optionally you can define some arguments passed to the route -->
<default key="page">index</default>
<default key="version">current</default>
<!-- redirections are temporary by default (code 302) but you can make them permanent (code 301)-->
<default key="permanent">true</default>
<!-- add this to keep the original query string parameters when redirecting -->
<default key="keepQueryParams">true</default>
<!-- add this to keep the HTTP method when redirecting. The redirect status changes:
* for temporary redirects, it uses the 307 status code instead of 302
* for permanent redirects, it uses the 308 status code instead of 301 -->
<default key="keepRequestMethod">true</default>
</route>
<route id="legacy_doc" path="/legacy/doc"
controller="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\RedirectController">
<!-- this value can be an absolute path or an absolute URL -->
<default key="path">https://legacy.example.com/doc</default>
<!-- redirections are temporary by default (code 302) but you can make them permanent (code 301)-->
<default key="permanent">true</default>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\DefaultController;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\RedirectController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('doc_shortcut', '/doc')
->controller(RedirectController::class)
->defaults([
'route' => 'doc_page',
// optionally you can define some arguments passed to the route
'page' => 'index',
'version' => 'current',
// redirections are temporary by default (code 302) but you can make them permanent (code 301)
'permanent' => true,
// add this to keep the original query string parameters when redirecting
'keepQueryParams' => true,
// add this to keep the HTTP method when redirecting. The redirect status changes:
// * for temporary redirects, it uses the 307 status code instead of 302
// * for permanent redirects, it uses the 308 status code instead of 301
'keepRequestMethod' => true,
])
;
$routes->add('legacy_doc', '/legacy/doc')
->controller(RedirectController::class)
->defaults([
// this value can be an absolute path or an absolute URL
'path' => 'https://legacy.example.com/doc',
// redirections are temporary by default (code 302) but you can make them permanent (code 301)
'permanent' => true,
])
;
};
Tip
Symfony also provides some utilities to :ref:`redirect inside controllers <controller-redirect>`
Historically, URLs have followed the UNIX convention of adding trailing slashes
for directories (e.g. https://example.com/foo/) and removing them to refer
to files (https://example.com/foo). Although serving different contents for
both URLs is OK, nowadays it's common to treat both URLs as the same URL and
redirect between them.
Symfony follows this logic to redirect between URLs with and without trailing
slashes (but only for GET and HEAD requests):
| Route URL | If the requested URL is /foo |
If the requested URL is /foo/ |
|---|---|---|
/foo |
It matches (200 status response) |
It makes a 301 redirect to /foo |
/foo/ |
It makes a 301 redirect to /foo/ |
It matches (200 status response) |
Routes can configure a host option to require that the HTTP host of the
incoming requests matches some specific value. In the following example, both
routes match the same path (/) but one of them only responds to a specific
host name:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/MainController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class MainController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/', name: 'mobile_homepage', host: 'm.example.com')]
public function mobileHomepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
#[Route('/', name: 'homepage')]
public function homepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
mobile_homepage:
path: /
host: m.example.com
controller: App\Controller\MainController::mobileHomepage
homepage:
path: /
controller: App\Controller\MainController::homepage
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="mobile_homepage"
path="/"
host="m.example.com"
controller="App\Controller\MainController::mobileHomepage"/>
<route id="homepage" path="/" controller="App\Controller\MainController::homepage"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\MainController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('mobile_homepage', '/')
->controller([MainController::class, 'mobileHomepage'])
->host('m.example.com')
;
$routes->add('homepage', '/')
->controller([MainController::class, 'homepage'])
;
};
The value of the host option can include parameters (which is useful in
multi-tenant applications) and these parameters can be validated too with
requirements:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/MainController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class MainController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route(
'/',
name: 'mobile_homepage',
host: '{subdomain}.example.com',
defaults: ['subdomain' => 'm'],
requirements: ['subdomain' => 'm|mobile'],
)]
public function mobileHomepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
#[Route('/', name: 'homepage')]
public function homepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
mobile_homepage:
path: /
host: "{subdomain}.example.com"
controller: App\Controller\MainController::mobileHomepage
defaults:
subdomain: m
requirements:
subdomain: m|mobile
homepage:
path: /
controller: App\Controller\MainController::homepage
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="mobile_homepage"
path="/"
host="{subdomain}.example.com"
controller="App\Controller\MainController::mobileHomepage">
<default key="subdomain">m</default>
<requirement key="subdomain">m|mobile</requirement>
</route>
<route id="homepage" path="/" controller="App\Controller\MainController::homepage"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\MainController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('mobile_homepage', '/')
->controller([MainController::class, 'mobileHomepage'])
->host('{subdomain}.example.com')
->defaults([
'subdomain' => 'm',
])
->requirements([
'subdomain' => 'm|mobile',
])
;
$routes->add('homepage', '/')
->controller([MainController::class, 'homepage'])
;
};
In the above example, the subdomain parameter defines a default value because
otherwise you need to include a subdomain value each time you generate a URL using
these routes.
Tip
You can also set the host option when :ref:`importing routes <routing-route-groups>`
to make all of them require that host name.
Note
When using sub-domain routing, you must set the Host HTTP headers in
:doc:`functional tests </testing>` or routes won't match:
$crawler = $client->request(
'GET',
'/',
[],
[],
['HTTP_HOST' => 'm.example.com']
// or get the value from some configuration parameter:
// ['HTTP_HOST' => 'm.'.$client->getContainer()->getParameter('domain')]
);
Tip
You can also use the inline defaults and requirements format in the
host option: {subdomain<m|mobile>?m}.example.com
If your application is translated into multiple languages, each route can define a different URL per each :ref:`translation locale <translation-locale>`. This avoids the need for duplicating routes, which also reduces the potential bugs:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/CompanyController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class CompanyController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route(path: [
'en' => '/about-us',
'nl' => '/over-ons'
], name: 'about_us')]
public function about(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
about_us:
path:
en: /about-us
nl: /over-ons
controller: App\Controller\CompanyController::about
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="about_us" controller="App\Controller\CompanyController::about">
<path locale="en">/about-us</path>
<path locale="nl">/over-ons</path>
</route>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\CompanyController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('about_us', [
'en' => '/about-us',
'nl' => '/over-ons',
])
->controller([CompanyController::class, 'about'])
;
};
Note
When using PHP attributes for localized routes, you have to use the path
named parameter to specify the array of paths.
When a localized route is matched, Symfony uses the same locale automatically during the entire request.
Tip
When the application uses full "language + territory" locales (e.g. fr_FR,
fr_BE), if the URLs are the same in all related locales, routes can use
only the language part (e.g. fr) to avoid repeating the same URLs.
A common requirement for internationalized applications is to prefix all routes with a locale. This can be done by defining a different prefix for each locale (and setting an empty prefix for your default locale if you prefer it):
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource: '../../src/Controller/'
type: attribute
prefix:
en: '' # don't prefix URLs for English, the default locale
nl: '/nl'
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes/attributes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<import resource="../../src/Controller/" type="attribute">
<!-- don't prefix URLs for English, the default locale -->
<prefix locale="en"></prefix>
<prefix locale="nl">/nl</prefix>
</import>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes/attributes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->import('../../src/Controller/', 'attribute')
->prefix([
// don't prefix URLs for English, the default locale
'en' => '',
'nl' => '/nl',
])
;
};
Another common requirement is to host the website on a different domain according to the locale. This can be done by defining a different host for each locale.
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource: '../../src/Controller/'
type: attribute
host:
en: 'www.example.com'
nl: 'www.example.nl'
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes/attributes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<import resource="../../src/Controller/" type="attribute">
<host locale="en">www.example.com</host>
<host locale="nl">www.example.nl</host>
</import>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes/attributes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->import('../../src/Controller/', 'attribute')
->host([
'en' => 'www.example.com',
'nl' => 'www.example.nl',
])
;
};
Sometimes, when an HTTP response should be cached, it is important to ensure that can happen. However, whenever a session is started during a request, Symfony turns the response into a private non-cacheable response.
For details, see :doc:`/http_cache`.
Routes can configure a stateless boolean option in order to declare that the
session shouldn't be used when matching a request:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/MainController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class MainController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/', name: 'homepage', stateless: true)]
public function homepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
homepage:
controller: App\Controller\MainController::homepage
path: /
stateless: true
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="homepage" controller="App\Controller\MainController::homepage" path="/" stateless="true"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\MainController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('homepage', '/')
->controller([MainController::class, 'homepage'])
->stateless()
;
};
Now, if the session is used, the application will report it based on your
kernel.debug parameter:
enabled: will throw an :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Exception\\UnexpectedSessionUsageException` exceptiondisabled: will log a warning
It will help you understand and hopefully fixing unexpected behavior in your application.
Routing systems are bidirectional:
- they associate URLs with controllers (as explained in the previous sections);
- they generate URLs for a given route.
Generating URLs from routes allows you to not write the <a href="...">
values manually in your HTML templates. Also, if the URL of some route changes,
you only have to update the route configuration and all links will be updated.
To generate a URL, you need to specify the name of the route (e.g.
blog_show) and the values of the parameters defined by the route (e.g.
slug = my-blog-post).
For that reason each route has an internal name that must be unique in the
application. If you don't set the route name explicitly with the name
option, Symfony generates an automatic name based on the controller and action.
Symfony declares route aliases based on the FQCN if the target class has an
__invoke() method that adds a route and if the target class added
one route exactly. Symfony also automatically adds an alias for every method
that defines only one route. Consider the following class:
// src/Controller/MainController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
final class MainController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/', name: 'homepage')]
public function homepage(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
Symfony will add a route alias named App\Controller\MainController::homepage.
If your controller extends from the :ref:`AbstractController <the-base-controller-class-services>`,
use the generateUrl() helper:
// src/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
class BlogController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/blog', name: 'blog_list')]
public function list(): Response
{
// generate a URL with no route arguments
$signUpPage = $this->generateUrl('sign_up');
// generate a URL with route arguments
$userProfilePage = $this->generateUrl('user_profile', [
'username' => $user->getUserIdentifier(),
]);
// generated URLs are "absolute paths" by default. Pass a third optional
// argument to generate different URLs (e.g. an "absolute URL")
$signUpPage = $this->generateUrl('sign_up', [], UrlGeneratorInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL);
// when a route is localized, Symfony uses by default the current request locale
// pass a different '_locale' value if you want to set the locale explicitly
$signUpPageInDutch = $this->generateUrl('sign_up', ['_locale' => 'nl']);
// ...
}
}
Note
If you pass to the generateUrl() method some parameters that are not
part of the route definition, they are included in the generated URL as a
query string:
$this->generateUrl('blog', ['page' => 2, 'category' => 'Symfony']);
// the 'blog' route only defines the 'page' parameter; the generated URL is:
// /blog/2?category=Symfony
Caution!
While objects are converted to string when used as placeholders, they are not converted when used as extra parameters. So, if you're passing an object (e.g. an Uuid) as value of an extra parameter, you need to explicitly convert it to a string:
$this->generateUrl('blog', ['uuid' => (string) $entity->getUuid()]);
If your controller does not extend from AbstractController, you'll need to
:ref:`fetch services in your controller <controller-accessing-services>` and
follow the instructions of the next section.
Inject the router Symfony service into your own services and use its
generate() method. When using :doc:`service autowiring </service_container/autowiring>`
you only need to add an argument in the service constructor and type-hint it with
the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Generator\\UrlGeneratorInterface` class:
// src/Service/SomeService.php
namespace App\Service;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
class SomeService
{
public function __construct(
private UrlGeneratorInterface $router,
) {
}
public function someMethod(): void
{
// ...
// generate a URL with no route arguments
$signUpPage = $this->router->generate('sign_up');
// generate a URL with route arguments
$userProfilePage = $this->router->generate('user_profile', [
'username' => $user->getUserIdentifier(),
]);
// generated URLs are "absolute paths" by default. Pass a third optional
// argument to generate different URLs (e.g. an "absolute URL")
$signUpPage = $this->router->generate('sign_up', [], UrlGeneratorInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL);
// when a route is localized, Symfony uses by default the current request locale
// pass a different '_locale' value if you want to set the locale explicitly
$signUpPageInDutch = $this->router->generate('sign_up', ['_locale' => 'nl']);
}
}
Read the section about :ref:`creating links between pages <templates-link-to-pages>` in the main article about Symfony templates.
If your JavaScript code is included in a Twig template, you can use the
path() and url() Twig functions to generate the URLs and store them in
JavaScript variables. The escape() filter is needed to escape any
non-JavaScript-safe values:
<script>
const route = "{{ path('blog_show', {slug: 'my-blog-post'})|escape('js') }}";
</script>
If you need to generate URLs dynamically or if you are using pure JavaScript code, this solution doesn't work. In those cases, consider using the FOSJsRoutingBundle.
Generating URLs in commands works the same as
:ref:`generating URLs in services <routing-generating-urls-in-services>`. The
only difference is that commands are not executed in the HTTP context. Therefore,
if you generate absolute URLs, you'll get http://localhost/ as the host name
instead of your real host name.
The solution is to configure the default_uri option to define the
"request context" used by commands when they generate URLs:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/packages/routing.yaml
framework:
router:
# ...
default_uri: 'https://example.org/my/path/'
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/packages/routing.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd">
<framework:config>
<framework:router default-uri="https://example.org/my/path/">
<!-- ... -->
</framework:router>
</framework:config>
</container>
.. code-block:: php
// config/packages/routing.php
use Symfony\Config\FrameworkConfig;
return static function (FrameworkConfig $framework): void {
$framework->router()->defaultUri('https://example.org/my/path/');
};
Now you'll get the expected results when generating URLs in your commands:
// src/Command/SomeCommand.php
namespace App\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
// ...
class SomeCommand extends Command
{
public function __construct(private UrlGeneratorInterface $urlGenerator)
{
parent::__construct();
}
protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// generate a URL with no route arguments
$signUpPage = $this->urlGenerator->generate('sign_up');
// generate a URL with route arguments
$userProfilePage = $this->urlGenerator->generate('user_profile', [
'username' => $user->getUserIdentifier(),
]);
// by default, generated URLs are "absolute paths". Pass a third optional
// argument to generate different URIs (e.g. an "absolute URL")
$signUpPage = $this->urlGenerator->generate('sign_up', [], UrlGeneratorInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL);
// when a route is localized, Symfony uses by default the current request locale
// pass a different '_locale' value if you want to set the locale explicitly
$signUpPageInDutch = $this->urlGenerator->generate('sign_up', ['_locale' => 'nl']);
// ...
}
}
Note
By default, the URLs generated for web assets use the same default_uri
value, but you can change it with the asset.request_context.base_path
and asset.request_context.secure container parameters.
In highly dynamic applications, it may be necessary to check whether a route exists before using it to generate a URL. In those cases, don't use the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Router::getRouteCollection` method because that regenerates the routing cache and slows down the application.
Instead, try to generate the URL and catch the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Exception\\RouteNotFoundException` thrown when the route doesn't exist:
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Exception\RouteNotFoundException;
// ...
try {
$url = $this->router->generate($routeName, $routeParameters);
} catch (RouteNotFoundException $e) {
// the route is not defined...
}
Note
If your server runs behind a proxy that terminates SSL, make sure to :doc:`configure Symfony to work behind a proxy </deployment/proxies>`
The configuration for the scheme is only used for non-HTTP requests.
The schemes option together with incorrect proxy configuration will
lead to a redirect loop.
By default, generated URLs use the same HTTP scheme as the current request.
In console commands, where there is no HTTP request, URLs use http by
default. You can change this per command (via the router's getContext()
method) or globally with these configuration parameters:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/services.yaml
parameters:
router.request_context.scheme: 'https'
asset.request_context.secure: true
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/services.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">
<parameters>
<parameter key="router.request_context.scheme">https</parameter>
<parameter key="asset.request_context.secure">true</parameter>
</parameters>
</container>
.. code-block:: php
// config/services.php
$container->parameters()
->set('router.request_context.scheme', 'https')
->set('asset.request_context.secure', true)
;
Outside of console commands, use the schemes option to define the scheme of
each route explicitly:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php-attributes
// src/Controller/SecurityController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class SecurityController extends AbstractController
{
#[Route('/login', name: 'login', schemes: ['https'])]
public function login(): Response
{
// ...
}
}
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes.yaml
login:
path: /login
controller: App\Controller\SecurityController::login
schemes: [https]
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<route id="login" path="/login" schemes="https"
controller="App\Controller\SecurityController::login"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\SecurityController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->add('login', '/login')
->controller([SecurityController::class, 'login'])
->schemes(['https'])
;
};
The URL generated for the login route will always use HTTPS. This means that
when using the path() Twig function to generate URLs, you may get an
absolute URL instead of a relative URL if the HTTP scheme of the original
request is different from the scheme used by the route:
{# if the current scheme is HTTPS, generates a relative URL: /login #}
{{ path('login') }}
{# if the current scheme is HTTP, generates an absolute URL to change
the scheme: https://example.com/login #}
{{ path('login') }}The scheme requirement is also enforced for incoming requests. If you try to
access the /login URL with HTTP, you will automatically be redirected to the
same URL, but with the HTTPS scheme.
If you want to force a group of routes to use HTTPS, you can define the default scheme when importing them. The following example forces HTTPS on all routes defined as attributes:
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: yaml
# config/routes/attributes.yaml
controllers:
resource: '../../src/Controller/'
type: attribute
schemes: [https]
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- config/routes/attributes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">
<import resource="../../src/Controller/" type="attribute" schemes="https"/>
</routes>
.. code-block:: php
// config/routes/attributes.php
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;
return static function (RoutingConfigurator $routes): void {
$routes->import('../../src/Controller/', 'attribute')
->schemes(['https'])
;
};
Note
The Security component provides
:doc:`another way to enforce HTTP or HTTPS </security/force_https>`
via the requires_channel setting.
A signed URI is an URI that includes a hash value that depends on the contents of the URI. This way, you can later check the integrity of the signed URI by recomputing its hash value and comparing it with the hash included in the URI.
Symfony provides a utility to sign URIs via the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\UriSigner` service, which you can inject in your services or controllers:
// src/Service/SomeService.php
namespace App\Service;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\UriSigner;
class SomeService
{
public function __construct(
private UriSigner $uriSigner,
) {
}
public function someMethod(): void
{
// ...
// generate a URL yourself or get it somehow...
$url = 'https://example.com/foo/bar?sort=desc';
// sign the URL (it adds a query parameter called '_hash')
$signedUrl = $this->uriSigner->sign($url);
// $url = 'https://example.com/foo/bar?sort=desc&_hash=e4a21b9'
// check the URL signature
$uriSignatureIsValid = $this->uriSigner->check($signedUrl);
// $uriSignatureIsValid = true
// if you have access to the current Request object, you can use this
// other method to pass the entire Request object instead of the URI:
$uriSignatureIsValid = $this->uriSigner->checkRequest($request);
}
}
Here are some common errors you might see while working with routing:
Controller "App\\Controller\\BlogController::show()" requires that you
provide a value for the "$slug" argument.
This happens when your controller method has an argument (e.g. $slug):
public function show(string $slug): Response
{
// ...
}
But your route path does not have a {slug} parameter (e.g. it is
/blog/show). Add a {slug} to your route path: /blog/show/{slug} or
give the argument a default value (i.e. $slug = null).
Some mandatory parameters are missing ("slug") to generate a URL for route
"blog_show".
This means that you're trying to generate a URL to the blog_show route but
you are not passing a slug value (which is required, because it has a
{slug} parameter in the route path). To fix this, pass a slug value when
generating the route:
$this->generateUrl('blog_show', ['slug' => 'slug-value']);
or, in Twig:
{{ path('blog_show', {slug: 'slug-value'}) }}.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
:glob:
routing/*