fermi.tex

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[left=1cm,top=1.2cm,right=1cm,bottom=1.2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabu}
\usepackage{numprint}

\newcommand\logten{\ensuremath{\log_{10}}}
\DeclareSIUnit\year{year}

\begin{document}

\title{Fermi}
\date{\today}
\author{Adrian}
\maketitle

\tableofcontents

\section{Prelude}
Hmmmmm.

\clearpage

\section{Logarithms and Exponents}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{X X || X X}
		Logarithms & Value & Powers & Value\\
		\hline
		$\logten 2$ & $0.30$ & $10^{0.1}$ & $1.26$ \\
		$\logten 3$ & $0.48$ & $10^{0.2}$ & $1.58$ \\
		$\logten 4$ & $0.60$ & $10^{0.3}$ & $2.00$ \\
		$\logten 5$ & $0.70$ & $10^{0.4}$ & $2.51$ \\
		$\logten 6$ & $0.78$ & $10^{0.5}$ & $3.14$ \\
		$\logten 7$ & $0.85$ & $10^{0.6}$ & $3.98$ \\
		$\logten 8$ & $0.90$ & $10^{0.7}$ & $5.01$ \\
		$\logten 9$ & $0.95$ & $10^{0.8}$ & $6.31$ \\
		            &        & $10^{0.9}$ & $7.94$ \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}


\section{Physics Olympics}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{ X X X }
		Constant & Value & Details \\
		\hline
		Planck's constant & $h = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{6.63E-34}{\J\s}$ & $E = hv$ \\
		Mass of electron & $m_e = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{9.11E-31}{\kg}$ & \\
		Mass of proton & $m_p = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{1.67E-27}{\kg}$ & \\
		Elementary charge & $e = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{1.60E-19}{\coulomb}$ & \\
		Radius of earth & $r_{earth} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{6.38E6}{\m}$ & \\
		Mass of earth & $m_{earth} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{5.98E24}{\kg}$ & \\
		Radius of sun & $r_{sun} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{}{\m}$ & \\
		Mass of sun & $m_{sun} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{1.98E30}{\kg}$ & \\
		Radius of moon & $r_{moon} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{1.74E6}{\m}$ & \\
		Mass of moon & $m_{moon} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{7.35E22}{\kg}$ & \\
		Astronomical Unit & $AU = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{1.50E11}{\m}$ & \\
		Distance from earth to moon & $d_{earth to moon} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{3.84E6}{\m}$ & \\
		Seconds in a day & $s_{day} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{8.64E4}{\s}$ & \\
		Seconds in a month & $s_{month} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{2.62E6}{\s}$ & \\
		Seconds in a year & $s_{year} = \SI[per-mode=symbol]{3.16E7}{\s}$ & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Lengths}
%\begin{table}[H]
%	\centering
	\begin{longtabu} to 0.75\linewidth { X X X }
		Object & Size & Order of Magnitude \\
		\hline
		Proton, Neutron & 1 femtometer  & $10^{-15}$ \\
		Uranium neucleus & & $10^{-14.5}$ \\
		Gamma ray & & $10^{-12}$ \\
		Hydrogen, Helium atom & & $10^{-11}$ \\
		X-ray, Glucose, Alpha helix & & $10^{-9.2}$ \\
		Carbon nanotube, Buckyball & & $10^{-9}$ \\
		DNA & & $10^{-8.3}$ \\
		Transistor gate & & $10^{-7.6}$ \\
		Virus & & $10^{-7.5}$ to $10^{-6.5}$ \\
		Ultraviolet & & $10^{-7.3}$ \\
		Smallest visible thing to an optical microscope & & $10^{-6.8}$ \\
		Violet light & & $10^{-6.4}$ \\
		Red light & & $10^{-6.0}$ \\
		Bacteria & & $10^{-5.9}$ \\
		Red blood cell, White blood cell, Cell nucleus & $10^{-5.3}$ \\
		Mist droplet & & $10^{-5.0}$ \\
		Infared & & $10^{-4.6}$ \\
		Smallest visible thing to the human eye & & $10^{-4.1}$ \\
		Paper & & $10^{-3.9}$ \\
		Amoeba & & $10^{-3.6}$ \\
		LCD pixel & & $10^{-3.5}$ \\
		Grain of salt & & $10^{-3.3}$ \\
		Grain of rice & & $10^{-2.5}$ \\
		Microwave length, Penny, Marble & & $10^{-1.8}$ \\
		Oak tree, Average US house & & $10^{1.0}$ \\
		Blue whale & & $10^{1.2}$ \\
		Boeing 747, Redwood tree, Statue of liberty & & $10^{1.5}$ \\
		Football field, International space station, Saturn V & & $10^{2.0}$ \\
		Titanic & & $10^{2.1}$ \\
		Great pyramid of Giza & & $10^{2.2}$ \\
		Eiffel tower & & $10^{2.3}$ \\
		Hoover dam & & $10^{2.4}$ \\
		Vatican city & & $10^{2.9}$ \\
		AM radio wave & & $10^{3.3}$ \\
		Central park & & $10^{3.4}$ \\
		Mount everest, Large hadron collider & & $10^{3.8}$ \\
		Haley's comet & & $10^{3.9}$ \\
		Depth of the mariana trench & & $10^{4.1}$ \\
		Marathon, Neutron star & & $10^{4.3}$ \\
		Grand canyon & & $10^{5.3}$ \\
		California, Italy & & $10^{5.6}$ \\
		Pluto & & $10^{6.1}$ \\
		Moon, USA & & $10^{6.5}$ \\
		Mercury, Asia & & $10^{6.6}$ \\
		Mars & & $10^{6.7}$ \\
		Earth, Venus & & $10^{6.9}$ \\
		Minecraft world & & $10^{6.5}$ \\
		Neptune, Uranus & & $10^{7.7}$ \\
		Saturn & & $10^{7.9}$ \\
		Distance from earth to moon & & $10^{8.3}$ \\
		The sun & & $10^{8.8}$ \\
		Distance from earth to sun & & $10^{11}$ \\
		Distance from sun to neptune & & $10^{12.5}$ \\
		Light-day & & $10^{13.2}$ \\
		Light-year & & $10^{15.6}$ \\
		Milky way, Andromeda & & $10^{20.9}$ \\
		Observable universe & & $10^{26.7}$ \\
	\end{longtabu}
%\end{table}

\section{Forces}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X }
		Force of & Value \\
		\hline
		Weight of human & \SI{620}{\newton} \\
		(WARN) Jump & \SI{2000}{\newton} \\
		Gravitational attraction between proton and electron in hydrogen atom & \SI{3.6E-47}{\newton} \\
		Weight of an electron & \SI{8.9E-30}{\newton} \\
		Weight of an E. coli bacterium & \SI{1E-14}{\newton} \\
		Force to break hydrogen bond & \SI{4E-12}{\newton} \\
		Force to break typical noncovalent bond & \SI{1.60E-10}{\newton} \\
		Force to break typical covalent bond & \SI{1.6E-9}{\newton} \\
		Force on an electron in a hydrogen atom & \SI{8.2E-8}{\newton} \\
		Force between two 1 metre long conductors 1 metre apart & \SI{2E-7}{\newton} \\
		Thrust of NSTAR ion engine on NASA's space probe Deep Space 1 & \SI{1.9E-2}{\newton} to \SI{9.2E-2}{\newton} \\
		Weight of an apple & \SI{1}{\newton} \\
		Force of human bite at molars & \SI{720}{\newton} \\
		Bite force of adult american alligator & \SI{9E3}{\newton} \\
		Bite force of adult great white shark & \SI{1.8E4}{\newton} \\
		Engine of a small car during peak acceleration & \SI{4.5E4}{\newton} \\
		Average force from seatbelt and airbag to a passenger in a car which hits a stationary barrier at \SI{100}{\km\per\hour} & \SI{1E5}{\newton} \\
		Maximum pulling force of a single large diesel-electric locomotive & \SI{8.9E3}{\newton} \\
		Thrust of Space SHuttle Main Engine at lift off & \SI{1.8E6}{\newton} \\
		Weight of largest blue whale & \SI{1.9E6}{\newton} \\
		Thurst of Saturn V rocket at lift off & \SI{3.5E7}{\newton} \\
		Simple estimate of force of sunlight on earth & \SI{5.7E8}{\newton} \\
		Gravitational attraction between earth and moon & \SI{2E20}{\newton} \\
		Gravitational attraction between earth and sun & \SI{3.5E22}{\newton} \\
		Planck force & \SI{1.2E44}{\newton} \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Mass}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{ X X }
		Object & Value \\
		\hline
		Human & \SI{65}{\kg} \\
		Car & \SI{1500}{\kg} \\
		(WARN) Cruise ship & \SI{30E6}{\kg} to \SI{220E6}{\kg} \\
		Empire state building & \SI{330E6}{\kg} \\
		Ounce & \SI{23.85}{\gram} \\
		iPod touch & \SI{.086}{\kg} \\
		iPod nano & \SI{.031}{\kg} \\
		iPod shuffle & \SI{0.0125}{\kg} \\
		iPod classic & \SI{.140}{\kg} \\
		iPhone 5s & \SI{.112}{\kg} \\
		iPad Air & \SI{.475}{\kg} \\
		iPad 2 & \SI{.600}{\kg} \\
		iPad mini & \SI{.330}{\kg} \\
		Macbook air & \SI{1.35}{\kg} \\
		Macbook pro (15 inch) & \SI{2.02}{\kg} \\
		Mac mini & \SI{1.22}{\kg} \\
		Mac (21.5 inch) & \SI{5.68}{\kg} \\
		Mac (27 inch) & \SI{9.54}{\kg} \\
		(WARN) Mac pro & \SI{5}{\kg} \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Time}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X }
		Event & Value \\
		\hline
		Time to travel one Planck length at the speed of light & \SI{5.4E-44}{\second} \\
		Accuracy of tools to measure speed of chemical bonding & \SI{5E-19}{\second} \\
		Shortest measured period of time & \SI{1.2E-17}{\second} \\
		1 machine cycle by an IBM Silicon-Germanium transistor & \SI{4E-12}{\second} \\
		1 cycle of \SI{1}{\giga\hertz} microprocessor & \SI{1E-9}{\second} \\
		Light travels \SI{0.3}{\meter} & \SI{1E-9}{\second} \\
		1 cycle of an Intel 80186 microprocessor & \SI{1E-6}{\second} \\
		1 machine cycle of a 1960s minicomputer & \SI{4E-6}{\second} to \SI{16E-6}{\second} \\
		Human brain neuron fires one impulse and returns to rest & \SI{1E-3}{\second} \\
		Seek time for computer hard disk & \SI{4E-3}{\second} to \SI{8E-3}{\second} \\
		Human response to visual & \SI{0.018}{\second} to \SI{0.3}{\second} \\
		Blink & \SI{0.1}{\second} to \SI{0.4}{\second} \\
		1 day & \SI{8.64E4}{\second} \\
		1 week & \SI{6.048E5}{\second} \\
		1 month & \SI{2.6E6}{\second} \\
		1 year & \SI{3.16E7}{\second} \\
		Human life expectancy & \SI{2.1E9}{\second} (\SI{66.5}{\year})\\
		1 century & \SI{3.16E9}{\second} \\
		1 millenium & \SI{3.16E10}{\second} \\
		Time since appearance of Homo sapiens & \SI{6E12}{\second} (\SI{1.92E5}{\year}) \\
		Galactic year & \SI{7.1E15}{\second} to \SI{7.9E15}{\second} (\SI{2.25E8}{\year} to \SI{2.5E8}{\year}) \\
		Age of earth & \SI{1.43E17}{\second} (\SI{4.54E9}{\year}) \\
		Age of solar system and sun & \SI{1.44E17}{\second} (\SI{4.6E9}{\year}) \\
		Age of the universe & \SI{4.3E17}{\second} (\SI{1.38E10}{\year}) \\
		Estimated lifespan of 0.1 solar mass red dwarf & \SI{3.12E20}{\second} (\SI{9.89E12}{\year}) \\
		Time for 1 solar mass black hole to evaporate completely due to Hawking radiation & \SI{6.62E50}{\second} (\SI{2.1E43}{\year}) \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Temperature}
Hmmmmm

\section{Acceleration}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X }
		Event & Value \\
		\hline
		0 to \SI{100}{\kilo\meter\per\hour} in \SI{6.4}{\second} & \SI{4.3}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Saturn V moon rocket after launch & \SI{11.2}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		0 to \SI{100}{\kilo\meter\per\hour} in \SI{2.4}{\second} & \SI{15.2}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Space Shuttle max during launch/reentry & \SI{29}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Max endurable for over \SI{25}{\second} for human & \SI{29}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		High-G rollercoasters & \SI{34}{\meter\per\square\second} to \SI{62}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Dizziness, disorientation, fainting for humans & \SI{49}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Formula One car under heavy breaking & \SI{49}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Luge at Whistler Sliding Centre & \SI{51}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Formula One car peak lateral turn & \SI{49}{\meter\per\square\second} to \SI{59}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Apollo 16 on reentry & \SI{70.6}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		F16 aircraft pulling out of dive & \SI{79}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Maximum with G-suit to keep consciousness & \SI{88}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Typical max turn in aerobatic or fighter jet & \SI{88}{\meter\per\square\second} to \SI{118}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Parachutist opening parachute & \SI{324}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Max acceleration survived on rocket sled & \SI{454}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Sprint missile & \SI{982}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		\SI{100}{\kilo\meter\per\hour} automobile crash into wall & \SI{982}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Soccer ball kicked & \SI{2946}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Baseball struck & \SI{29460}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Formula One engine piston & \SI{84450}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Gravity on white dwarf Sirius B & \SI{3.8E6}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Acceleration of proton in Large Hadron Collider & \SI{1.9E9}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Gravity on neutron star & \SI{7E12}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Protons in Fermilab accelerator & \SI{8.8E13}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
		Acceleration in Wakefield plasma accelerator & \SI{8.7E21}{\meter\per\square\second} \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Speed}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X }
		Event & Value \\
		\hline
		Expansion between two points in free space \SI{1}{\meter} apart & \SI{2.2E-18}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Rate of global sea level rise & \SI{9.8E-11}{\meter\per\second} (\SI{3.1}{\milli\meter\per\year}) \\
		Relative speed of continental drift & \SI{3E-10}{\meter\per\second} to \SI{3E-9}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Moon receding from earth & \SI{1.3E-9}{\meter\per\second} (\SI{38}{\milli\meter\per\year}) \\
		Human hair growth & \SI{4.8E-9}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Growth rate of bamboo & \SI{1.4E-5}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Speed of Jakobshavn Isbrae, one of the fastest glaciers & \SI{4E-4}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Average walking speed & \SI{1}{\meter\per\second} to \SI{1.5}{\meter\per\second} \\
		World record \SI{50}{\meter} freestyle swim & \SI{2.39}{\meter\per\second} \\
		World record marathon & \SI{5.72}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Comfortable biking & \SI{6}{\meter\per\second} to \SI{7}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Usain Bolt at \SI{100}{\meter} world record in Berlin & \SI{10.438}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Usain Bolt top speed at Berlin & \SI{12.42}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Residential speed limit & \SI{8}{\meter\per\second} to \SI{14}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Top speed of cat or dog & \SI{8}{\meter\per\second} to \SI{14}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Road-race cyclist & \SI{14}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Racehorse or racing greyhound & \SI{17}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Car (freeway), cheetah (fastest terrestrial), sailfish (fastest fish), go-fast boat & \SI{30}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Land speed record for human powered vehicle & \SI{36}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Top speed of local service train & \SI{40}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Formula Rossa (fastest rollercoaster) & \SI{67}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Modern high-speed train, diving peregrine falcon (fastest bird) & \SI{90}{\meter\per\second} (\SI{320}{\kilo\meter\per\hour}, 200 mph) \\
		Fastest record ball (golf) in sports & \SI{91}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Speed of VA-111 Shkval (super tornado) & \SI{103}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Max speed of Fromula One car & \SI{103.5}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Max speed of Ferrari F50 GT1 & \SI{105.5}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Max speed of Bugatti Veyron Super Sport & \SI{119.742}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Wind speed of powerful tornado & \SI{130}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Top speed for experimental TGV train in 2007 & \SI{157}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Top speed of JR-Maglev in 2003 & \SI{151}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Cruising speed of modern jet airliner (e.g.\ Airbus A380) & \SI{250}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Top seed of WWII aircraft (Me 1633B V18) & \SI{314}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Speed of .22 LR bullet & \SI{320}{\meter\per\second} \\
		Speed of sound in standard atmosphere (\SI{15}{celsius} and \SI{1}{\atmosphere}) & \SI{340.3}{\meter\per\second} \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Energy}
\subsection{General Facts}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item $\SI{1}{\kilo\watt\hour} = \SI{3.6E6}{\joule}$
		\item $\SI{1}{\watt\year} = \SI{8.74}{\kilo\watt\hour}$
		\item Average cost: 14 cents per kilowatt-hour
		\item Average home usage per year: \SI{11280}{\kilo\watt\hour}
		\item Average home usage per month: \SI{950}{\kilo\watt\hour}
		\item Average home usage per day: \SI{31}{\kilo\watt\hour}
	\end{itemize}
\subsection{Electronics}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item iPhone battery: \SI{1570}{\milli\ampere\hour} at \SI{3.7}{\volt} (\SI{5.92}{\watt\hour})
		\item iPhone power consumption (idle -- 250 hours): \SI{23.7}{\milli\watt}
		\item iPhone power consumption (talk/internet/video -- 10 hours): \SI{592}{\milli\watt}
		\item iPhone power consumption (audio -- 40 hours): \SI{148}{\milli\watt}
		\item iPad battery: \SI{8827}{\milli\ampere\hour} (\SI{118}{\kilo\joule}) at \SI{3.7}{\volt} (\SI{32.9}{\watt\hour})
		\item iPad conversion example: $\SI{32.9}{\watt\hour} \approx \SI{8827}{\milli\ampere\hour} * \SI{3.7}{V} * (\SI{1}{\ampere} / \SI{1000}{\milli\ampere})$
		\item iPad conversion example: $\SI{118}{\kilo\joule} \approx \SI{32.9}{\watt\hour} * (\SI{3600}{\s} / \SI{1}{\hour}) * (\SI{1}{\kilo\joule} / \SI{1000}{\joule})$
		\item (WARN) Voltage in a mobile phone circuit: \SI{0.5}{\volt} to \SI{1}{\volt}
		\item (WARN) Current in a mobile phone circuit: \SI{100}{\milli\ampere} to \SI{180}{\milli\ampere}
	\end{itemize}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{ X X }
		Appliance & Power Consumption \\
		\hline
		Light bulb & \SI{2}{\watt} to \SI{120}{\watt} \\
		Desktop & \SI{250}{\watt} to \SI{720}{\watt} \\
		Laptop & \SI{250}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Coffee maker & \SI{800}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Microwave & \SI{600}{\watt} to \SI{1500}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Dishwasher & \SI{1200}{\watt} to \SI{1500}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Washing machine & \SI{300}{\watt} to \SI{500}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Iron & \SI{1000}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Air conditioner & \SI{2000}{\watt} to \SI{5000}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Ceiling fan & \SI{10}{\watt} to \SI{50}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) TV & \SI{150}{\watt} \\
		(WARN) Oven & \SI{3000}{\watt} \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Electromagnetic Spectrum}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{ X X X X X }
		Type & Wavelength & Frequency & Energy & Reference \\
		\hline
		Radio & $\SI{1E3}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E4}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Microwave & $\SI{1E-2}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E10}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Infared & $\SI{1E-5}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E13}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Visible & $\SI{5E-7}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E15}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Ultraviolet & $\SI{1E-8}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E16}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		X-ray & $\SI{1E-10}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E18}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Gamma & $\SI{1E-12}{\m}$ & $\SI{1E20}{\hertz}$ & & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X X X }
		Colour & Wavelength & Frequency & Energy & Reference \\
		\hline
		Violet & $\SI{380E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{450E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{668E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{789E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Blue & $\SI{450E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{495E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{606E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{668E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Green & $\SI{495E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{570E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{526E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{606E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Yellow & $\SI{570E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{590E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{508E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{526E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Orange & $\SI{590E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{620E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{484E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{508E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
		Red & $\SI{620E-9}{\m}$ to $\SI{750E-9}{\m}$ & $\SI{400E12}{\hertz}$ to $\SI{484E12}{\hertz}$ & & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\subsection{Other Facts}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Wifi: $\SI{2.4}{\giga\hertz}$ to $\SI{5}{\giga\hertz}$
		\item Cellular frequencies: $\SI{900}{\mega\hertz}$ in Europe and Asia; $\SI{1900}{\mega\hertz}$ in the USA
	\end{itemize}

\section{Demographics}
% \begin{table}[H]
% 	\centering
	\begin{longtabu} to 0.75\linewidth { X X X }
		Location & Population & Known For \\
		\hline
		Canada & 35.16 million & \\
		USA & 313.9 million & \\
		Europe & 739.2 million & \\
		China & 1.36 billion & \\
		India & 1.24 billion & \\
		Indonesia & 238 million & \\
		Brazil & 201 million & \\
		Russia & 144 million & \\
		Japan & 127 million & \\
		Mexico & 118 million & \\
		Vietnam & 90.4 million & \\
		Germany & 80.5 million & \\
		France & 65.8 million & \\
		Great Britain & 63.7 million & \\
		Italy & 59.9 million & \\
		South Africa & 53.0 million & \\
		South Korea & 50.2 million & \\
		Spain & 46.7 million & \\
		Kenya & 44.3 million & \\
		Argentina & 40.1 million & \\
		Poland & 38.5 million & \\
		Malaysia & 29.9 million & \\
		Taiwan & 23.4 million & \\
		Australia & 23.3 million & \\
		Netherlands & 16.8 million & \\
		Belgium & 11.2 million & \\
		Greece & 10.8 million & \\
		Portugal & 10.6 million & \\
		Czech Republic & 10.5 million & \\
		Sweden & 9.63 million & \\
		Austria & 8.50 million & \\
		UAE & 8.26 million & \\
		Israel & 8.09 million & \\
		Hong Kong & 7.18 million & \\
		Denmark & 5.62 million & \\
		Singapore & 5.40 million & \\
		Scotland & 5.30 million & \\
		Ireland & 4.59 million & \\
	\end{longtabu}
%\end{table}
\subsection{Todo}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item population density
		\item population history
		\item cities, provinces, states
	\end{itemize}

\section{Geography}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X X X }
		Location & Area & Width & Diagonal & Height \\
		\hline
		Canada & \SI{9.98E6}{\square\km} & \SI{4800}{\km} (3000 miles) & & \\
		USA & \SI{9.83E6}{\square\km} & \SI{4180}{\km} & \SI{4500}{\km} (2800 miles) & \\
		Russia & \SI{17.1E6}{\square\km} & & & \\
		China & \SI{9.71E6}{\square\km} & & & \\
		France & \SI{675E3}{\square\km} & & & \\
		Spain & \SI{503E3}{\square\km} & & & \\
		Japan & \SI{378E3}{\square\km} & & & \\
		Germany & \SI{357E3}{\square\km} & & & \\
		UK & \SI{224E3}{\square\km} & & & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\subsection{Todo}
	\begin{itemize}
		\item cities, provinces, states
	\end{itemize}

\section{Technology}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Apple A7 chip: over 1 billion transistors on 102 \SI{102}{\square\mm} die
\end{itemize}

\section{Economy}
\subsection{Canada}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Rank: 11th
	\item GDP: \$1.839 trillion
	\item GDP growth: 2.0\%
	\item GDP per capita: \$52300
	\item Inflation: 1.2\%
	\item Population below poverty line: 9.4\%
	\item Labour force: 18.89 million
	\item Labour force by occupation: 2\% agriculture, 13\% manufacturing, 6\% construction, 76\% services, 3\% other
	\item Unemployment: 6.9%
	\item Main industries: transportation equipment, chemicals, minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas
	\item Exports: \$462.528 billion
	\item Export goods: motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
	\item Export partners: 73.2\% USA, 4.6\% EU, 4.3\% UK, 4.3\% China, 3.4\% Germany, 3.1\% Israel
	\item Imports: \%474.544 billion
	\item Import goods: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods
	\item Import partners: 50.6\% USA, 11.0\% China, 6.2\% UK, 6.2\% Japan, 5.5\% Mexico, 4.5\% South Korea
	\item Gross external debt: \$1.326 trillion
	\item Public debt: \$582.2 billion (33.8\% of GDP)
	\item Budget deficit: \$18.9 billion
	\item Revenues: \$682.5 billion
	\item Expenses: \$749.5 billion
	\item Foreign reserves: \$65.82 billion
\end{itemize}

\subsection{China}
\begin{itemize}
	\item \$18.103 trillion
	\item GDP per capita: \$7583
	\item GDP growth in 1 year: 7.7\%
	\item Inflation: 2.5\%
	\item GDP by sector: 10.1\% agriculture, 45.3\% industry, 44.6\% services
	\item Labour force: 795.5 million
	\item Exports: \$2.21 trillion
	\item Export partners: 17.2\% USA, 15.8\% Hong Kong, 7.4\% Japan, 4.3\% South Korea
	\item Export goods: electrical and machinery, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment
	\item Imports: \$1.95 trillion
	\item Import partners: 9.8\% Japan, 9.2\% South Korea, 7.1\% USA, 5.1\% Germany, 4.3\% Australia
	\item Import goods: electrical and machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastic, organic chemicals
	\item Gross external debt: \$697.2 billion
	\item Public debt: 22.15\% of GDP
	\item Revenues: \$1.838 trillion
	\item Expenses: \$2.031 trillion
	\item Foreign reserves: \$3.44 trillion
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Europe}
Hmmmmm.
\subsection{Russia}
Hmmmmm.
\subsection{India}
Hmmmmm.
\subsection{USA}
\begin{itemize}
	\item GDP: \$16.66 trillion
	\item GDP per capita: \$\numprint{49601}
	\item Population below poverty line: 14.8\%
	\item Labour force: 155.6 million
	\item Unemployed: 11.26 million
	\item Unemployment: 7.2\%
	\item Average gross salary: \$\numprint{45790}
	\item Farming, forestry, fishing: 0.7\%
	\item Manufacturing, extraction, transportation, crafts: 20\%
	\item Managerial, professional, technical: 37\%
	\item Sales, office: 24\%
	\item Other: 18\%
	\item Exports: \$1.56 trillion
	\item Capital goods: 28\%
	\item Industrial supplies and materials (excluding oil fuels): 25\%
	\item Consumer goods (except automotive): 12\%
	\item Automobiles and components: 9.4\%
	\item Food and beverages: 8.6\%
	\item Fuel oil, petroleum products: 7.6\%
	\item Aircraft and components: 6\%
	\item Other: 4\%
	\item Export to Canada: 19\%
	\item Export to Mexico: 14\%
	\item Export to China: 7\%
	\item Export to Japan: 4.5\%
	\item Imports: \$2.3 trillion
	\item Consumer goods (except automotive): 23\%
	\item Capital goods (Except computing): 19\%
	\item Industrial supplies (except crude oil): 18\%
	\item Crude oil: 14\%
	\item Automobiles and components: 13\%
	\item Computers and accessories: 5.4\%
	\item Food and beverages: 4.8\%
	\item Other: 3\%
	\item Import from China: 19\%
	\item Import from Canada: 14\%
	\item Import from Mexico: 12\%
	\item Import from Japan: 6.4\%
	\item Import from Germany: 4.7\%
	\item Public debt: \$17.091 trillion (107.2\% of GDP)
	\item Budget deficit: \$680 billion
	\item Revenues: \$2.774 trillion
	\item Individual income tax: 46\%
	\item Social insurance: 35\%
	\item Corporate tax: 24\%
	\item Other: 9.3\%
	\item Expenses: \$3.454 trillion
	\item Social security: 22\%
	\item Defense: 18\%
	\item Medicare: 13\%
	\item Interest: 7.3\%
	\item Medicaid: 7.1\%
	\item Other: 32\%
\end{itemize}

\section{Animals}
Hmmmmm.

\section{Plants}
Hmmmmm.

\section{Biology}
Hmmmmm.

\section{Architecture}
Hmmmmm.

\section{Related rates}
Hmmmmm.

\section{Chemical properties}
Hmmmmm.

\section{History}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{0.75\textwidth}{ X X X }
		Period & Begin & End \\
		\hline
		Ancient Greek (archaic) & 900 BC & 500 BC \\
		Ancient Greek (classical) & 500 BC & 300 BC \\
		Ancient Greek (hellenistic) & 300 BC & 600 AD \\
		Roman empire (west) & 27 BC & 476 AD \\
		Roman empire (east) & 330 & 1453 \\
		Middle ages/Medieval period & 400 & 1400 \\
		Renaissance & 1300 & 1600 \\
		Industrial revolution & 1760 & 1830 \\
		Baroque period & 1590 & 1725 \\
		Classical period & 1730 & 1820 \\
		Romantic period & 1815 & 1910 \\
		WWI & 1914 & 1918 \\
		WWII & 1939 & 1945 \\
		Great Depression & 1929 & Late 1930s, Mid 1940s \\
		French Revolution & 1789 & 1799 \\
		First Crusade & 1096 & 1099 \\
		Hundred Years' War & 1337 & 1453 \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X X }
		Person & Birth & Death & Description \\
		\hline
		Socrates & 469 BC & 399 BC & \\
		Aristotle & 384 BC & 322 BC & \\
		Julius Caesar (roman emperor) & 100 BC & 44 BC \\
		Augustus (roman emperor) & 63 BC & 14 AD \\
		Nero (roman emperor) & 37 & 68 \\
		Constantine I (roman emperor) & 272 & 337 \\
		Charlemange & 740s & 814 \\
		Martin Luther & 1483 & 1546 \\
		Queen Elizabeth I & 1533 & 1603 \\
		James Watt & 1736 & 1819 \\
		Isaac Newton & 1642 & 1727 & \\
		Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz & 1646 & 1716 & \\
		Albert Einstein & 1879 & 1955 & \\
		Carl Friedrich Gauss & 1777 & 1855 & \\
		Leonhard Euler & 1707 & 1783 & \\
		Pythagoras & 570 BC & 495 BC & \\
		Pierre de Fermat & 1601 & 1665 & \\
		Blaise Pascal & 1623 & 1662 & \\
		John Milton & 1608 & 1674 & \\
		Shakespeare & 1564 & 1616 & \\
		John Donne & 1572 & 1631 & \\
		Robert Burns & 1759 & 1796 & \\
		William Butler Yeats & 1865 - 1939 & \\
		J.R.R. Tolkien & 1892 & 1973 & \\
		Martin Luther King Jr. & 1929 & 1968 & \\
		Captain George Vancouver & 1757 & 1798 & \\
		Linus Torvalds & 1969 & na & \\
		Steve Jobs & 1955 & 2011 & \\
		Bill Gates & 1955 & na & \\
		Larry Page & 1973 & na & \\
		Sergey Brin & 1973 & na & \\
		Eric Schmidt & 1955 & na & \\
		James Gosling & 1955 & na & \\
		Dennis Ritchie & 1941 & 2011 & \\
		Ken Thompson & 1943 & na & \\
		Bjarne Stroustrup & 1950 & na & \\
		Guido van Rossum & 1956 & na & \\
		Yukihiro Matsumoto & 1965 & na & \\
		Geoffrey Chaucer & 1343 & 1400 & \\
		William (I) the Conqueror & 1028 & 1087 & \\
		Alexander (III of Macedon) the Great & 356 BC & 323 BC & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X }
		Event & Date & Description \\
		\hline
		Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses & 1517 October 31 & \\
		American Declaration of Independence & 1776 July 4 & \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Literature}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X }
		Work & Date & Author \\
		\hline
		Beowulf & 975 - 1025 & Unknown \\
		Hamlet & 1599 - 1602 & Shakespeare \\
		King Lear & 1603 - 1606 & Shakespeare \\
		Macbeth & 1603 - 1607 & Shakespeare \\
		To a Mouse & 1785 & Robert Burns \\
		Paradise Lost & 1667 & Milton \\
		The Second Coming & 1919 & Yeats \\
		Lord of the Rings & 1954 - 1955 & Tolkien \\
		The Canterbury Tales & End of 1300s & Chaucer \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\section{Music}
\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ X X X }
		Piece & Date & Composer \\
		\hline
		Symphony 5 & 1804 - 1808 & Beethoven \\
		The Well Tempered Clavier & 1722 & Bach \\
		Symphony 9 & 1824 & Beethoven \\
		Eine kleine Nachtmusik & 1787 & Mozart \\
	\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}