diff --git a/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.F90 b/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.F90 index 0acfbd19e..3778d8ed9 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.F90 +++ b/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.F90 @@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ end subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_finalize !! \htmlinclude GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run.html !! #endif - subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run (im, levs, ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, & + subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run (im, levs, ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, cplchm,& isppt_deep, gu0, gv0, gt0, gq0_water_vapor, & save_u, save_v, save_t, save_qv, ca_deep, & - errmsg, errflg) + dqdti, errmsg, errflg) - use machine, only: kind_phys + use machine, only: kind_phys implicit none integer, intent(in) :: im, levs - logical, intent(in) :: ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, isppt_deep + logical, intent(in) :: ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, cplchm, isppt_deep real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im,levs), intent(in) :: gu0 real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im,levs), intent(in) :: gv0 real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im,levs), intent(in) :: gt0 @@ -37,9 +37,12 @@ subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run (im, levs, ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im,levs), intent(inout) :: save_t real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im,levs), intent(inout) :: save_qv real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(in) :: ca_deep + ! dqdti only allocated if cplchm is .true. + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(:,:), intent(inout) :: dqdti character(len=*), intent(out) :: errmsg integer, intent(out) :: errflg + real(kind=kind_phys), parameter :: zero = 0.0d0 integer :: i, k ! Initialize CCPP error handling variables @@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run (im, levs, ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, enddo endif - if (ldiag3d .or. isppt_deep) then + if (ldiag3d .or. cplchm .or. isppt_deep) then do k=1,levs do i=1,im save_qv(i,k) = gq0_water_vapor(i,k) @@ -78,6 +81,10 @@ subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run (im, levs, ldiag3d, do_cnvgwd, do_ca, enddo endif + if (cplchm) then + dqdti = zero + endif + end subroutine GFS_DCNV_generic_pre_run end module GFS_DCNV_generic_pre diff --git a/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.meta b/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.meta index eae53a910..5e8377133 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.meta +++ b/physics/GFS_DCNV_generic.meta @@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ type = logical intent = in optional = F +[cplchm] + standard_name = flag_for_chemistry_coupling + long_name = flag controlling cplchm collection (default off) + units = flag + dimensions = () + type = logical + intent = in + optional = F [isppt_deep] standard_name = flag_for_combination_of_sppt_with_isppt_deep long_name = switch for combination with isppt_deep. @@ -130,6 +138,15 @@ kind = kind_phys intent = in optional = F +[dqdti] + standard_name = instantaneous_water_vapor_specific_humidity_tendency_due_to_convection + long_name = instantaneous moisture tendency due to convection + units = kg kg-1 s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension,vertical_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F [errmsg] standard_name = ccpp_error_message long_name = error message for error handling in CCPP diff --git a/physics/GFS_MP_generic.F90 b/physics/GFS_MP_generic.F90 index a7afa2ee0..e0f2873d4 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_MP_generic.F90 +++ b/physics/GFS_MP_generic.F90 @@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ subroutine GFS_MP_generic_post_run(im, ix, levs, kdt, nrcm, ncld, nncl, ntcw, nt rann, xlat, xlon, gt0, gq0, prsl, prsi, phii, tsfc, ice, snow, graupel, save_t, save_qv, rain0, ice0, snow0, & graupel0, del, rain, domr_diag, domzr_diag, domip_diag, doms_diag, tprcp, srflag, sr, cnvprcp, totprcp, totice, & totsnw, totgrp, cnvprcpb, totprcpb, toticeb, totsnwb, totgrpb, dt3dt, dq3dt, rain_cpl, rainc_cpl, snow_cpl, pwat, & - do_sppt, dtdtr, dtdtc, drain_cpl, dsnow_cpl, lsm, lsm_ruc, raincprv, rainncprv, iceprv, snowprv, graupelprv, & - dtp, errmsg, errflg) + do_sppt, dtdtr, dtdtc, drain_cpl, dsnow_cpl, lsm, lsm_ruc, lsm_noahmp, raincprv, rainncprv, iceprv, snowprv, & + graupelprv, draincprv, drainncprv, diceprv, dsnowprv, dgraupelprv, dtp, errmsg, errflg) ! use machine, only: kind_phys @@ -120,13 +120,18 @@ subroutine GFS_MP_generic_post_run(im, ix, levs, kdt, nrcm, ncld, nncl, ntcw, nt real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: drain_cpl real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: dsnow_cpl - ! Rainfall variables previous time step (update for RUC LSM) - integer, intent(in) :: lsm, lsm_ruc + ! Rainfall variables previous time step + integer, intent(in) :: lsm, lsm_ruc, lsm_noahmp real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: raincprv real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: rainncprv real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: iceprv real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: snowprv real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: graupelprv + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: draincprv + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: drainncprv + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: diceprv + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: dsnowprv + real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(inout) :: dgraupelprv real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: dtp @@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ subroutine GFS_MP_generic_post_run(im, ix, levs, kdt, nrcm, ncld, nncl, ntcw, nt errflg = 0 onebg = one/con_g - + do i = 1, im rain(i) = rainc(i) + frain * rain1(i) ! time-step convective plus explicit enddo @@ -184,14 +189,23 @@ subroutine GFS_MP_generic_post_run(im, ix, levs, kdt, nrcm, ncld, nncl, ntcw, nt tprcp = max (0.,rain) ! time-step convective and explicit precip ice = frain*rain1*sr ! time-step ice end if - - if (lsm==lsm_ruc) then - if (imp_physics == imp_physics_gfdl .or. imp_physics == imp_physics_thompson) then + + if (lsm==lsm_ruc .or. lsm==lsm_noahmp) then raincprv(:) = rainc(:) rainncprv(:) = frain * rain1(:) iceprv(:) = ice(:) snowprv(:) = snow(:) graupelprv(:) = graupel(:) + !for NoahMP, calculate precipitation rates from liquid water equivalent thickness for use in next time step + !Note (GJF): Precipitation LWE thicknesses are multiplied by the frain factor, and are thus on the dynamics time step, but the conversion as written + ! (with dtp in the denominator) assumes the rate is calculated on the physics time step. This only works as expected when dtf=dtp (i.e. when frain=1). + if (lsm == lsm_noahmp) then + tem = 1.0 / (dtp*con_p001) !GJF: This conversion was taken from GFS_physics_driver.F90, but should denominator also have the frain factor? + draincprv(:) = tem * raincprv(:) + drainncprv(:) = tem * rainncprv(:) + dsnowprv(:) = tem * snowprv(:) + dgraupelprv(:) = tem * graupelprv(:) + diceprv(:) = tem * iceprv(:) end if end if diff --git a/physics/GFS_MP_generic.meta b/physics/GFS_MP_generic.meta index 3a11a9983..ddf8cb813 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_MP_generic.meta +++ b/physics/GFS_MP_generic.meta @@ -774,6 +774,14 @@ type = integer intent = in optional = F +[lsm_noahmp] + standard_name = flag_for_noahmp_land_surface_scheme + long_name = flag for NOAH MP land surface model + units = flag + dimensions = () + type = integer + intent = in + optional = F [raincprv] standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount_from_previous_timestep long_name = convective_precipitation_amount from previous timestep @@ -819,6 +827,51 @@ kind = kind_phys intent = inout optional = F +[draincprv] + standard_name = convective_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep + long_name = convective precipitation rate from previous timestep + units = mm s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F +[drainncprv] + standard_name = explicit_rainfall_rate_from_previous_timestep + long_name = explicit rainfall rate previous timestep + units = mm s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F +[diceprv] + standard_name = ice_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep + long_name = ice precipitation rate from previous timestep + units = mm s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F +[dsnowprv] + standard_name = snow_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep + long_name = snow precipitation rate from previous timestep + units = mm s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F +[dgraupelprv] + standard_name = graupel_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep + long_name = graupel precipitation rate from previous timestep + units = mm s-1 + dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) + type = real + kind = kind_phys + intent = inout + optional = F [dtp] standard_name = time_step_for_physics long_name = physics timestep diff --git a/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.F90 b/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.F90 index dd9b9191e..db3de4f44 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.F90 +++ b/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.F90 @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ end subroutine GFS_rrtmg_post_init !! subroutine GFS_rrtmg_post_run (Model, Grid, Diag, Radtend, Statein, & Coupling, scmpsw, im, lm, ltp, kt, kb, kd, raddt, aerodp, & - cldsa, mtopa, mbota, clouds1, cldtaulw, cldtausw, & + cldsa, mtopa, mbota, clouds1, cldtaulw, cldtausw, nday, & errmsg, errflg) use machine, only: kind_phys @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ subroutine GFS_rrtmg_post_run (Model, Grid, Diag, Radtend, Statein, & type(GFS_diag_type), intent(inout) :: Diag type(cmpfsw_type), dimension(size(Grid%xlon,1)), intent(in) :: scmpsw - integer, intent(in) :: im, lm, ltp, kt, kb, kd + integer, intent(in) :: im, lm, ltp, kt, kb, kd, nday real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: raddt real(kind=kind_phys), dimension(size(Grid%xlon,1),NSPC1), intent(in) :: aerodp @@ -152,18 +152,40 @@ subroutine GFS_rrtmg_post_run (Model, Grid, Diag, Radtend, Statein, & Diag%fluxr(i,11-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,11-j) + tem0d * Statein%prsi(i,itop+kt) Diag%fluxr(i,14-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,14-j) + tem0d * Statein%prsi(i,ibtc+kb) Diag%fluxr(i,17-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,17-j) + tem0d * Statein%tgrs(i,itop) + enddo + enddo ! Anning adds optical depth and emissivity output - tem1 = 0. - tem2 = 0. - do k=ibtc,itop - tem1 = tem1 + cldtausw(i,k) ! approx .55 mu channel - tem2 = tem2 + cldtaulw(i,k) ! approx 10. mu channel + if (Model%lsswr .and. (nday > 0)) then + do j = 1, 3 + do i = 1, IM + tem0d = raddt * cldsa(i,j) + itop = mtopa(i,j) - kd + ibtc = mbota(i,j) - kd + tem1 = 0. + do k=ibtc,itop + tem1 = tem1 + cldtausw(i,k) ! approx .55 um channel + enddo + Diag%fluxr(i,43-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,43-j) + tem0d * tem1 enddo - Diag%fluxr(i,43-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,43-j) + tem0d * tem1 - Diag%fluxr(i,46-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,46-j) + tem0d * (1.0-exp(-tem2)) enddo - enddo + endif + + if (Model%lslwr) then + do j = 1, 3 + do i = 1, IM + tem0d = raddt * cldsa(i,j) + itop = mtopa(i,j) - kd + ibtc = mbota(i,j) - kd + tem2 = 0. + do k=ibtc,itop + tem2 = tem2 + cldtaulw(i,k) ! approx 10. um channel + enddo + Diag%fluxr(i,46-j) = Diag%fluxr(i,46-j) + tem0d * (1.0-exp(-tem2)) + enddo + enddo + endif + endif endif ! end_if_lssav diff --git a/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.meta b/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.meta index fdd2c2b55..61e89098d 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.meta +++ b/physics/GFS_rrtmg_post.meta @@ -180,6 +180,14 @@ kind = kind_phys intent = in optional = F +[nday] + standard_name = daytime_points_dimension + long_name = daytime points dimension + units = count + dimensions = () + type = integer + intent = in + optional = F [errmsg] standard_name = ccpp_error_message long_name = error message for error handling in CCPP diff --git a/physics/GFS_surface_generic.F90 b/physics/GFS_surface_generic.F90 index d8520c333..104d57f07 100644 --- a/physics/GFS_surface_generic.F90 +++ b/physics/GFS_surface_generic.F90 @@ -187,10 +187,11 @@ subroutine GFS_surface_generic_pre_run (im, levs, vfrac, islmsk, isot, ivegsrc, if (cplflx) then do i=1,im - islmsk_cice(i) = int(slimskin_cpl(i)+0.5) - if(islmsk_cice(i) == 4)then - flag_cice(i) = .true. - ulwsfc_cice(i) = ulwsfcin_cpl(i) + islmsk_cice(i) = nint(slimskin_cpl(i)) + flag_cice(i) = (islmsk_cice(i) == 4) + + if (flag_cice(i)) then +! ulwsfc_cice(i) = ulwsfcin_cpl(i) dusfc_cice(i) = dusfcin_cpl(i) dvsfc_cice(i) = dvsfcin_cpl(i) dtsfc_cice(i) = dtsfcin_cpl(i) diff --git a/physics/cires_ugwp.F90 b/physics/cires_ugwp.F90 index c15697e68..e0abc58ff 100644 --- a/physics/cires_ugwp.F90 +++ b/physics/cires_ugwp.F90 @@ -135,7 +135,13 @@ end subroutine cires_ugwp_finalize ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! order = dry-adj=>conv=mp-aero=>radiation -sfc/land- chem -> vertdiff-> [rf-gws]=> ion-re ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -!>@brief The subroutine executes the CIRES UGWP +!>@brief These subroutines and modules execute the CIRES UGWP Version 0 +!>\defgroup cires_ugwp_run Unified Gravity Wave Physics General Algorithm +!> @{ +!! The physics of NGWs in the UGWP framework (Yudin et al. 2018 \cite yudin_et_al_2018) is represented by four GW-solvers, which is introduced in Lindzen (1981) \cite lindzen_1981, Hines (1997) \cite hines_1997, Alexander and Dunkerton (1999) \cite alexander_and_dunkerton_1999, and Scinocca (2003) \cite scinocca_2003. The major modification of these GW solvers is represented by the addition of the background dissipation of temperature and winds to the saturation criteria for wave breaking. This feature is important in the mesosphere and thermosphere for WAM applications and it considers appropriate scale-dependent dissipation of waves near the model top lid providing the momentum and energy conservation in the vertical column physics (Shaw and Shepherd 2009 \cite shaw_and_shepherd_2009). In the UGWP-v0, the modification of Scinocca (2003) \cite scinocca_2003 scheme for NGWs with non-hydrostatic and rotational effects for GW propagations and background dissipation is represented by the subroutine \ref fv3_ugwp_solv2_v0. In the next release of UGWP, additional GW-solvers will be implemented along with physics-based triggering of waves and stochastic approaches for selection of GW modes characterized by horizontal phase velocities, azimuthal directions and magnitude of the vertical momentum flux (VMF). +!! +!! In UGWP-v0, the specification for the VMF function is adopted from the GEOS-5 global atmosphere model of GMAO NASA/GSFC, as described in Molod et al. (2015) \cite molod_et_al_2015 and employed in the MERRRA-2 reanalysis (Gelaro et al., 2017 \cite gelaro_et_al_2017). The Fortran subroutine \ref slat_geos5_tamp describes the latitudinal shape of VMF-function as displayed in Figure 3 of Molod et al. (2015) \cite molod_et_al_2015. It shows that the enhanced values of VMF in the equatorial region gives opportunity to simulate the QBO-like oscillations in the equatorial zonal winds and lead to more realistic simulations of the equatorial dynamics in GEOS-5 operational and MERRA-2 reanalysis products. For the first vertically extended version of FV3GFS in the stratosphere and mesosphere, this simplified function of VMF allows us to tune the model climate and to evaluate multi-year simulations of FV3GFS with the MERRA-2 and ERA-5 reanalysis products, along with temperature, ozone, and water vapor observations of current satellite missions. After delivery of the UGWP-code, the EMC group developed and tested approach to modulate the zonal mean NGW forcing by 3D-distributions of the total precipitation as a proxy for the excitation of NGWs by convection and the vertically-integrated (surface - tropopause) Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE). The verification scores with updated NGW forcing, as reported elsewhere by EMC researchers, display noticeable improvements in the forecast scores produced by FV3GFS configuration extended into the mesosphere. +!! !> \section arg_table_cires_ugwp_run Argument Table !! \htmlinclude cires_ugwp_run.html !! diff --git a/physics/cires_ugwp_triggers.F90 b/physics/cires_ugwp_triggers.F90 index bb135b857..c345a8e85 100644 --- a/physics/cires_ugwp_triggers.F90 +++ b/physics/cires_ugwp_triggers.F90 @@ -463,6 +463,10 @@ end subroutine get_spectra_tau_okw ! ! ! +!>\ingroup cires_ugwp_run +!> @{ +!! +!! subroutine slat_geos5_tamp(im, tau_amp, xlatdeg, tau_gw) !================= ! GEOS-5 & MERRA-2 lat-dependent GW-source function tau(z=Zlaunch) =rho* diff --git a/physics/docs/ccpp_doxyfile b/physics/docs/ccpp_doxyfile index b435664e3..e4b2e0501 100644 --- a/physics/docs/ccpp_doxyfile +++ b/physics/docs/ccpp_doxyfile @@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ INPUT = pdftxt/mainpage.txt \ pdftxt/GFS_SAMF.txt \ pdftxt/GFS_SAMFdeep.txt \ pdftxt/GFS_GWDC.txt \ + pdftxt/UGWPv0.txt \ pdftxt/GFS_SAMFshal.txt \ pdftxt/GFDL_cloud.txt \ ### pdftxt/GFS_SURFACE_PERT.txt \ @@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ INPUT = pdftxt/mainpage.txt \ ### pdftxt/GFSphys_namelist.txt \ ### pdftxt/GFS_STOCHY_PHYS.txt \ pdftxt/suite_input.nml.txt \ + pdftxt/NoahMP.txt \ ### in-core MP ../gfdl_fv_sat_adj.F90 \ ### time_vary @@ -172,6 +174,10 @@ INPUT = pdftxt/mainpage.txt \ ../sflx.f \ ../namelist_soilveg.f \ ../set_soilveg.f \ + ../sfc_noahmp_drv.f \ + ../module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 \ + ../module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 \ + ../noahmp_tables.f90 \ ### Sea Ice Surface ../sfc_sice.f \ ### PBL @@ -199,6 +205,10 @@ INPUT = pdftxt/mainpage.txt \ ### Shallow Convection ../samfshalcnv.f \ ../cnvc90.f \ +### Unified Gravity Wave + ../cires_ugwp.F90 \ + ../ugwp_driver_v0.F \ + ../cires_ugwp_triggers.F90 \ ### Microphysics ### ../gscond.f \ ### ../precpd.f \ diff --git a/physics/docs/library.bib b/physics/docs/library.bib index 223c34395..7384e08a0 100644 --- a/physics/docs/library.bib +++ b/physics/docs/library.bib @@ -1,13 +1,63 @@ %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. -%% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/ +%% https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/ -%% Created for Man Zhang at 2019-06-13 14:38:54 -0600 +%% Created for Grant Firl at 2019-10-25 16:36:06 -0600 %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) +@article{niu_and_yang_2006, + Abstract = { Abstract The presence of ice in soil dramatically alters soil hydrologic and thermal properties. Despite this important role, many recent studies show that explicitly including the hydrologic effects of soil ice in land surface models degrades the simulation of runoff in cold regions. This paper addresses this dilemma by employing the Community Land Model version 2.0 (CLM2.0) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and a simple TOPMODEL-based runoff scheme (SIMTOP). CLM2.0/SIMTOP explicitly computes soil ice content and its modifications to soil hydrologic and thermal properties. However, the frozen soil scheme has a tendency to produce a completely frozen soil (100\% ice content) whenever the soil temperature is below 0$\,^{\circ}$C. The frozen ground prevents infiltration of snowmelt or rainfall, thereby resulting in earlier- and higher-than-observed springtime runoff. This paper presents modifications to the above-mentioned frozen soil scheme that produce more accurate magnitude and seasonality of runoff and soil water storage. These modifications include 1) allowing liquid water to coexist with ice in the soil over a wide range of temperatures below 0$\,^{\circ}$C by using the freezing-point depression equation, 2) computing the vertical water fluxes by introducing the concept of a fractional permeable area, which partitions the model grid into an impermeable part (no vertical water flow) and a permeable part, and 3) using the total soil moisture (liquid water and ice) to calculate the soil matric potential and hydraulic conductivity. The performance of CLM2.0/SIMTOP with these changes has been tested using observed data in cold-region river basins of various spatial scales. Compared to the CLM2.0/SIMTOP frozen soil scheme, the modified scheme produces monthly runoff that compares more favorably with that estimated by the University of New Hampshire--Global Runoff Data Center and a terrestrial water storage change that is in closer agreement with that measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. }, + Author = {Niu, Guo-Yue and Yang, Zong-Liang}, + Date-Added = {2019-10-25 22:35:50 +0000}, + Date-Modified = {2019-10-25 22:36:03 +0000}, + Doi = {10.1175/JHM538.1}, + Eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM538.1}, + Journal = {Journal of Hydrometeorology}, + Number = {5}, + Pages = {937-952}, + Title = {Effects of Frozen Soil on Snowmelt Runoff and Soil Water Storage at a Continental Scale}, + Url = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM538.1}, + Volume = {7}, + Year = {2006}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM538.1}} + +@article{niu_et_al_2007, + Abstract = {Groundwater interacts with soil moisture through the exchanges of water between the unsaturated soil and its underlying aquifer under gravity and capillary forces. Despite its importance, groundwater is not explicitly represented in climate models. This paper developed a simple groundwater model (SIMGM) by representing recharge and discharge processes of the water storage in an unconfined aquifer, which is added as a single integration element below the soil of a land surface model. We evaluated the model against the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage change (ΔS) data. The modeled total water storage (including unsaturated soil water and groundwater) change agrees fairly well with GRACE estimates. The anomaly of the modeled groundwater storage explains most of the GRACE ΔS anomaly in most river basins where the water storage is not affected by snow water or frozen soil. For this reason, the anomaly of the modeled water table depth agrees well with that converted from the GRACE ΔS in most of the river basins. We also investigated the impacts of groundwater dynamics on soil moisture and evapotranspiration through the comparison of SIMGM to an additional model run using gravitational free drainage (FD) as the model's lower boundary condition. SIMGM produced much wetter soil profiles globally and up to 16\% more annual evapotranspiration than FD, most obviously in arid-to-wet transition regions.}, + Author = {Niu, Guo-Yue and Yang, Zong-Liang and Dickinson, Robert E. and Gulden, Lindsey E. and Su, Hua}, + Date-Added = {2019-10-25 22:31:30 +0000}, + Date-Modified = {2019-10-25 22:31:41 +0000}, + Doi = {10.1029/2006JD007522}, + Eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JD007522}, + Journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, + Keywords = {Groundwater recharge, groundwater discharge, climate models}, + Number = {D7}, + Title = {Development of a simple groundwater model for use in climate models and evaluation with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data}, + Url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2006JD007522}, + Volume = {112}, + Year = {2007}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2006JD007522}, + Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007522}} + +@article{niu_et_al_2011, + Abstract = {This first paper of the two-part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah-MP). The Noah-MP's performance is evaluated at various local sites using high temporal frequency data sets, and results show the advantages of using multiple optional schemes to interpret the differences in modeling simulations. The second paper focuses on ensemble evaluations with long-term regional (basin) and global scale data sets. The enhanced conceptual realism includes (1) the vegetation canopy energy balance, (2) the layered snowpack, (3) frozen soil and infiltration, (4) soil moisture-groundwater interaction and related runoff production, and (5) vegetation phenology. Sample local-scale validations are conducted over the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the W3 catchment of Sleepers River, Vermont, and a French snow observation site. Noah-MP shows apparent improvements in reproducing surface fluxes, skin temperature over dry periods, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, and runoff over Noah LSM version 3.0. Noah-MP improves the SWE simulations due to more accurate simulations of the diurnal variations of the snow skin temperature, which is critical for computing available energy for melting. Noah-MP also improves the simulation of runoff peaks and timing by introducing a more permeable frozen soil and more accurate simulation of snowmelt. We also demonstrate that Noah-MP is an effective research tool by which modeling results for a given process can be interpreted through multiple optional parameterization schemes in the same model framework.}, + Author = {Niu, Guo-Yue and Yang, Zong-Liang and Mitchell, Kenneth E. and Chen, Fei and Ek, Michael B. and Barlage, Michael and Kumar, Anil and Manning, Kevin and Niyogi, Dev and Rosero, Enrique and Tewari, Mukul and Xia, Youlong}, + Date-Added = {2019-10-25 21:50:31 +0000}, + Date-Modified = {2019-10-25 21:50:40 +0000}, + Doi = {10.1029/2010JD015139}, + Eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2010JD015139}, + Journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, + Keywords = {Noah, land surface model, local scale, multiphysics, evaluation, validation}, + Number = {D12}, + Title = {The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements}, + Url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2010JD015139}, + Volume = {116}, + Year = {2011}, + Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2010JD015139}, + Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139}} + @article{bechtold_et_al_2014, Author = {P. Bechtold and N. Semane and P. Lopez and J-P Chaboureau and A. Beljaars and N. Bormann}, Date-Added = {2019-06-13 14:29:21 -0600}, @@ -66,10 +116,6 @@ @article{Gettelman_et_al_2019 Title = {The impact of rimed ice hydrometeors on global and regional climate}, Year = {2019}} -@article{cite-key, - Date-Added = {2019-06-05 16:32:11 +0000}, - Date-Modified = {2019-06-05 16:32:11 +0000}} - @article{nakanishi_2000, Author = {M. Nakanishi}, Date-Added = {2019-05-31 14:46:02 -0600}, @@ -1813,12 +1859,12 @@ @article{zeng_and_dickinson_1998 @conference{zheng_et_al_2009, Address = {Omaha, Nebraska}, Author = {W. Zheng and H. Wei and J. Meng and M. Ek and K. Mitchell and J. Derber and X. Zeng and Z. Wang}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2018-01-26 22:19:06 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2018-01-29 23:51:37 +0000}, Organization = {The 23rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/19th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)}, Title = {Improvement of land surface skin temperature in NCEP Operational NWP models and its impact on satellite Data Assimilation}, - Year = {2009}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} + Year = {2009}} @article{chen_et_al_1997, Author = {F. Chen and Z. Janjic and K. Mitchell}, @@ -2057,6 +2103,7 @@ @article{iacono_et_al_2008 @article{grant_2001, Abstract = {A closure for the fluxes of mass, heat, and moisture at cloud base in the cumulus-capped boundary layer is developed. The cloud-base mass flux is obtained from a simplifed turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget for the sub-cloud layer, in which cumulus convection is assumed to be associated with a transport of TKE from the sub-cloud layer to the cloud layer.The heat and moisture fluxes are obtained from a jump model based on the virtual-potential-temperature equation. A key part of this parametrization is the parametrization of the virtual-temperature flux at the top of the transition zone between the sub-cloud and cloud layers.It is argued that pressure fluctuations must be responsible for the transport of TKE from the cloud layer to the sub-cloud layer.}, Author = {A. L. M. Grant}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-06-15 22:11:22 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2018-07-06 19:02:34 +0000}, Doi = {10.1002/qj.49712757209}, @@ -2070,13 +2117,13 @@ @article{grant_2001 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712757209}, Volume = {127}, Year = {2001}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712757209}} @article{zhang_and_wu_2003, Abstract = {Abstract This study uses a 2D cloud-resolving model to investigate the vertical transport of horizontal momentum and to understand the role of a convection-generated perturbation pressure field in the momentum transport by convective systems during part of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean?Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) Intensive Observation Period. It shows that convective updrafts transport a significant amount of momentum vertically. This transport is downgradient in the easterly wind regime, but upgradient during a westerly wind burst. The differences in convective momentum transport between easterly and westerly wind regimes are examined. The perturbation pressure gradient accounts for an important part of the apparent momentum source. In general it is opposite in sign to the product of cloud mass flux and the vertical wind shear, with smaller magnitude. Examination of the dynamic forcing to the pressure field demonstrates that the linear forcing representing the interaction between the convective updrafts and the large-scale wind shear is the dominant term, while the nonlinear forcing is of secondary importance. Thus, parameterization schemes taking into account the linear interaction between the convective updrafts and the large-scale wind shear can capture the essential features of the perturbation pressure field. The parameterization scheme for momentum transport by Zhang and Cho is evaluated using the model simulation data. The parameterized pressure gradient force using the scheme is in excellent agreement with the simulated one. The parameterized apparent momentum source is also in good agreement with the model simulation. Other parameterization methods for the pressure gradient are also discussed.}, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1120:CMTAPP>2.0.CO;2}, Author = {Zhang, Guang J. and Wu, Xiaoqing}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxBBLi4vLi4vQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvWmhhbmcvMjAwMy5wZGZPEQHEAAAAAAHEAAIAAAxNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADR5yRSSCsAAAAqjuYIMjAwMy5wZGYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFrUP9K0L8MAAAAAAAAAAAACAAUAAAkgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABVpoYW5nAAAQAAgAANHneLIAAAARAAgAANK0kjMAAAABABgAKo7mAChslgAobIsAKGd7ABteBwACmFwAAgBbTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOgBncmFudGY6AENsb3VkU3RhdGlvbjoAZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5OgBmaXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXM6AFpoYW5nOgAyMDAzLnBkZgAADgASAAgAMgAwADAAMwAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIASFVzZXJzL2dyYW50Zi9DbG91ZFN0YXRpb24vZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5L2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeV9maWxlcy9aaGFuZy8yMDAzLnBkZgATAAEvAAAVAAIADf//AAAACAANABoAJABoAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAjA=}, Booktitle = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, Da = {2003/05/01}, Date-Added = {2016-06-14 23:39:50 +0000}, @@ -2095,13 +2142,13 @@ @article{zhang_and_wu_2003 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1120:CMTAPP>2.0.CO;2}, Volume = {60}, Year = {2003}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxBBLi4vLi4vQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvWmhhbmcvMjAwMy5wZGZPEQHEAAAAAAHEAAIAAAxNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADR5yRSSCsAAAAqjuYIMjAwMy5wZGYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFrUP9K0L8MAAAAAAAAAAAACAAUAAAkgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABVpoYW5nAAAQAAgAANHneLIAAAARAAgAANK0kjMAAAABABgAKo7mAChslgAobIsAKGd7ABteBwACmFwAAgBbTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOgBncmFudGY6AENsb3VkU3RhdGlvbjoAZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5OgBmaXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXM6AFpoYW5nOgAyMDAzLnBkZgAADgASAAgAMgAwADAAMwAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIASFVzZXJzL2dyYW50Zi9DbG91ZFN0YXRpb24vZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5L2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeV9maWxlcy9aaGFuZy8yMDAzLnBkZgATAAEvAAAVAAIADf//AAAACAANABoAJABoAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAjA=}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060%3C1120:CMTAPP%3E2.0.CO;2}} @article{fritsch_and_chappell_1980, Abstract = {Abstract A parameterization formulation for incorporating the effects of midlatitude deep convection into mesoscale-numerical models is presented. The formulation is based on the hypothesis that the buoyant energy available to a parcel, in combination with a prescribed period of time for the convection to remove that energy, can be used to regulate the amount of convection in a mesoscale numerical model grid element. Individual clouds are represented as entraining moist updraft and downdraft plumes. The fraction of updraft condensate evaporated in moist downdrafts is determined from an empirical relationship between the vertical shear of the horizontal wind and precipitation efficiency. Vertical transports of horizontal momentum and warming by compensating subsidence are included in the parameterization. Since updraft and downdraft areas are sometimes a substantial fraction of mesoscale model grid-element areas, grid-point temperatures (adjusted for convection) are an area-weighted mean of updraft, downdraft and environmental temperatures.}, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1722:NPOCDM>2.0.CO;2}, Author = {Fritsch, J. M. and Chappell, C. F.}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, Da = {1980/08/01}, Date = {1980/08/01}, @@ -2122,12 +2169,12 @@ @article{fritsch_and_chappell_1980 Volume = {37}, Year = {1980}, Year1 = {1980}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037%3C1722:NPOCDM%3E2.0.CO;2}} @article{bechtold_et_al_2008, Abstract = {Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF model are presented that stem from revisions of the convection and diffusion parametrizations. The revisions concern in particular the introduction of a variable convective adjustment time-scale, a convective entrainment rate proportional to the environmental relative humidity, as well as free tropospheric diffusion coefficients for heat and momentum based on Monin--Obukhov functional dependencies.The forecasting system is evaluated against analyses and observations using high-resolution medium-range deterministic and ensemble forecasts, monthly and seasonal integrations, and decadal integrations with coupled atmosphere-ocean models. The results show a significantly higher and more realistic level of model activity in terms of the amplitude of tropical and extratropical mesoscale, synoptic and planetary perturbations. Importantly, with the higher variability and reduced bias not only the probabilistic scores are improved, but also the midlatitude deterministic scores in the short and medium ranges. Furthermore, for the first time the model is able to represent a realistic spectrum of convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, and maintains a realistic amplitude of the Madden--Julian oscillation (MJO) during monthly forecasts. However, the propagation speed of the MJO is slower than observed. The higher tropical tropospheric wave activity also results in better stratospheric temperatures and winds through the deposition of momentum.The partitioning between convective and resolved precipitation is unaffected by the model changes with roughly 62% of the total global precipitation being of the convective type. Finally, the changes in convection and diffusion parametrizations resulted in a larger spread of the ensemble forecasts, which allowed the amplitude of the initial perturbations in the ensemble prediction system to decrease by 30%. Copyright {\copyright} 2008 Royal Meteorological Society}, Author = {Bechtold, Peter and K{\"o}hler, Martin and Jung, Thomas and Doblas-Reyes, Francisco and Leutbecher, Martin and Rodwell, Mark J. and Vitart, Frederic and Balsamo, Gianpaolo}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-06-14 23:11:58 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-06-14 23:11:58 +0000}, Doi = {10.1002/qj.289}, @@ -2141,12 +2188,12 @@ @article{bechtold_et_al_2008 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.289}, Volume = {134}, Year = {2008}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.289}} @article{han_and_pan_2011, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05038.1}, Author = {Han, Jongil and Pan, Hua-Lu}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Weather and Forecasting}, Da = {2011/08/01}, Date = {2011/08/01}, @@ -2167,22 +2214,22 @@ @article{han_and_pan_2011 Volume = {26}, Year = {2011}, Year1 = {2011}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-10-05038.1}} @article{pan_and_wu_1995, Author = {Pan, H. -L. and W.-S. Wu}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-06-14 23:06:41 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-06-14 23:06:41 +0000}, Journal = {NMC Office Note, No. 409}, Pages = {40pp}, Title = {Implementing a Mass Flux Convection Parameterization Package for the NMC Medium-Range Forecast Model}, - Year = {1995}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} + Year = {1995}} @article{grell_1993, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0764:PEOAUB>2.0.CO;2}, Author = {Grell, Georg A.}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Monthly Weather Review}, Da = {1993/03/01}, Date = {1993/03/01}, @@ -2203,11 +2250,11 @@ @article{grell_1993 Volume = {121}, Year = {1993}, Year1 = {1993}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121%3C0764:PEOAUB%3E2.0.CO;2}} @article{arakawa_and_schubert_1974, Author = {Arakawa, A and Schubert, WH}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-06-14 23:04:30 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2018-07-18 19:00:17 +0000}, Isi = {A1974S778800004}, @@ -2220,7 +2267,6 @@ @article{arakawa_and_schubert_1974 Title = {Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I}, Volume = {31}, Year = {1974}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ws.isiknowledge.com/cps/openurl/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:ut/A1974S778800004}} @article{harshvardhan_et_al_1989, @@ -2454,6 +2500,7 @@ @article{akmaev_1991 @article{siebesma_et_al_2007, Abstract = {A better conceptual understanding and more realistic parameterizations of convective boundary layers in climate and weather prediction models have been major challenges in meteorological research. In particular, parameterizations of the dry convective boundary layer, in spite of the absence of water phase-changes and its consequent simplicity as compared to moist convection, typically suffer from problems in attempting to represent realistically the boundary layer growth and what is often referred to as countergradient fluxes. The eddy-diffusivity (ED) approach has been relatively successful in representing some characteristics of neutral boundary layers and surface layers in general. The mass-flux (MF) approach, on the other hand, has been used for the parameterization of shallow and deep moist convection. In this paper, a new approach that relies on a combination of the ED and MF parameterizations (EDMF) is proposed for the dry convective boundary layer. It is shown that the EDMF approach follows naturally from a decomposition of the turbulent fluxes into 1) a part that includes strong organized updrafts, and 2) a remaining turbulent field. At the basis of the EDMF approach is the concept that nonlocal subgrid transport due to the strong updrafts is taken into account by the MF approach, while the remaining transport is taken into account by an ED closure. Large-eddy simulation (LES) results of the dry convective boundary layer are used to support the theoretical framework of this new approach and to determine the parameters of the EDMF model. The performance of the new formulation is evaluated against LES results, and it is shown that the EDMF closure is able to reproduce the main properties of dry convective boundary layers in a realistic manner. Furthermore, it will be shown that this approach has strong advantages over the more traditional countergradient approach, especially in the entrainment layer. As a result, this EDMF approach opens the way to parameterize the clear and cumulus-topped boundary layer in a simple and unified way.}, Author = {Siebesma, A. Pier and Soares, Pedro M. M. and Teixeira, Joao}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxBELi4vLi4vQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvU2llYmVzbWEvMjAwNy5wZGZPEQHMAAAAAAHMAAIAAAxNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADR5yRSSCsAAAAqYEwIMjAwNy5wZGYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACphyMc7+4hQREYgQ0FSTwACAAUAAAkgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACFNpZWJlc21hABAACAAA0ed4sgAAABEACAAAxzxd+AAAAAEAGAAqYEwAKGyWAChsiwAoZ3sAG14HAAKYXAACAF5NYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQ6VXNlcnM6AGdyYW50ZjoAQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uOgBmaXJsX2xpYnJhcnk6AGZpcmxfbGlicmFyeV9maWxlczoAU2llYmVzbWE6ADIwMDcucGRmAA4AEgAIADIAMAAwADcALgBwAGQAZgAPABoADABNAGEAYwBpAG4AdABvAHMAaAAgAEgARAASAEtVc2Vycy9ncmFudGYvQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvU2llYmVzbWEvMjAwNy5wZGYAABMAAS8AABUAAgAN//8AAAAIAA0AGgAkAGsAAAAAAAACAQAAAAAAAAAFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACOw==}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Doi = {DOI 10.1175/JAS3888.1}, @@ -2467,12 +2514,12 @@ @article{siebesma_et_al_2007 Title = {A combined eddy-diffusivity mass-flux approach for the convective boundary layer}, Volume = {64}, Year = {2007}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ws.isiknowledge.com/cps/openurl/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:ut/000245742600011}} @article{soares_et_al_2004, Abstract = {Recently, a new consistent way of parametrizing simultaneously local and non-local turbulent transport for the convective atmospheric boundary layer has been proposed and tested for the clear boundary layer. This approach assumes that in the convective boundary layer the subgrid-scale fluxes result from two different mixing scales: small eddies, that are parametrized by an eddy-diffusivity approach, and thermals, which are represented by a mass-flux contribution. Since the interaction between the cloud layer and the underlying sub-cloud layer predominantly takes place through strong updraughts, this approach offers an interesting avenue of establishing a unified description of the turbulent transport in the cumulus-topped boundary layer. This paper explores the possibility of such a new approach for the cumulus-topped boundary layer. In the sub-cloud and cloud layers, the mass-flux term represents the effect of strong updraughts. These are modelled by a simple entraining parcel, which determines the mean properties of the strong updraughts, the boundary-layer height, the lifting condensation level and cloud top. The residual smaller-scale turbulent transport is parametrized with an eddy-diffusivity approach that uses a turbulent kinetic energy closure. The new scheme is implemented and tested in the research model MesoNH. Copyright {\copyright} 2004 Royal Meteorological Society}, Author = {Soares, P. M. M. and Miranda, P. M. A. and Siebesma, A. P. and Teixeira, J.}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Doi = {10.1256/qj.03.223}, @@ -2486,11 +2533,11 @@ @article{soares_et_al_2004 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/qj.03.223}, Volume = {130}, Year = {2004}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/qj.03.223}} @article{troen_and_mahrt_1986, Author = {Troen, IB and Mahrt, L.}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 17:17:49 +0000}, Doi = {10.1007/BF00122760}, @@ -2504,13 +2551,13 @@ @article{troen_and_mahrt_1986 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122760}, Volume = {37}, Year = {1986}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122760}} @article{macvean_and_mason_1990, Abstract = {Abstract In a recent paper, Kuo and Schubert demonstrated the lack of observational support for the relevance of the criterion for cloud-top entrainment instability proposed by Randall and by Deardorff. Here we derive a new criterion, based on a model of the instability as resulting from the energy released close to cloud top, by Mixing between saturated boundary-layer air and unsaturated air from above the capping inversion. The condition is derived by considering the net conversion from potential to kinetic energy in a system consisting of two layers of fluid straddling cloud-top, when a small amount of mixing occurs between these layers. This contrasts with previous analyses, which only considered the change in buoyancy of the cloud layer when unsaturated air is mixed into it. In its most general form, this new criterion depends on the ratio of the depths of the layers involved in the mixing. It is argued that, for a self-sustaining instability, there must be a net release of kinetic energy on the same depth and time scales as the entrainment process itself. There are two plausible ways in which this requirement may be satisfied. Either one takes the depths of the layers involved in the mixing to each be comparable to the vertical scale of the entrainment process, which is typically of order tens of meters or less, or alternatively, one must allow for the efficiency with which energy released by mixing through a much deeper lower layer becomes available to initiate further entrainment. In both cases the same criterion for instability results. This criterion is much more restrictive than that proposed by Randall and by Deardorff; furthermore, the observational data is then consistent with the predictions of the current theory. Further analysis provides estimates of the turbulent fluxes associated with cloud-top entrainment instability. This analysis effectively constitutes an energetically consistent turbulence closure for models of boundary layers with cloud. The implications for such numerical models are discussed. Comparisons are also made with other possible criteria for cloud-top entrainment instability which have recently been suggested.}, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1012:CTEITS>2.0.CO;2}, Author = {MacVean, M. K. and Mason, P. J.}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, Da = {1990/04/01}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:16:05 +0000}, @@ -2529,11 +2576,11 @@ @article{macvean_and_mason_1990 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1012:CTEITS>2.0.CO;2}, Volume = {47}, Year = {1990}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047%3C1012:CTEITS%3E2.0.CO;2}} @article{louis_1979, Author = {Louis, JF}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:15:52 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 17:15:52 +0000}, Isi = {A1979HT69700004}, @@ -2546,12 +2593,12 @@ @article{louis_1979 Title = {A PARAMETRIC MODEL OF VERTICAL EDDY FLUXES IN THE ATMOSPHERE}, Volume = {17}, Year = {1979}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxBBLi4vLi4vQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvTG91aXMvMTk3OS5wZGZPEQHEAAAAAAHEAAIAAAxNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADR5yRSSCsAAAAonogIMTk3OS5wZGYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACiej8FuU4pQREYgQ0FSTwACAAUAAAkgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABUxvdWlzAAAQAAgAANHneLIAAAARAAgAAMFutfoAAAABABgAKJ6IAChslgAobIsAKGd7ABteBwACmFwAAgBbTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOgBncmFudGY6AENsb3VkU3RhdGlvbjoAZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5OgBmaXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXM6AExvdWlzOgAxOTc5LnBkZgAADgASAAgAMQA5ADcAOQAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIASFVzZXJzL2dyYW50Zi9DbG91ZFN0YXRpb24vZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5L2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeV9maWxlcy9Mb3Vpcy8xOTc5LnBkZgATAAEvAAAVAAIADf//AAAACAANABoAJABoAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAjA=}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ws.isiknowledge.com/cps/openurl/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:ut/A1979HT69700004}} @article{lock_et_al_2000, Abstract = {A new boundary layer turbulent mixing scheme has been developed for use in the UKMO weather forecasting and climate prediction models. This includes a representation of nonlocal mixing (driven by both surface fluxes and cloud-top processes) in unstable layers, either coupled to or decoupled from the surface, and an explicit entrainment parameterization. The scheme is formulated in moist conserved variables so that it can treat both dry and cloudy layers. Details of the scheme and examples of its performance in single-column model tests are presented.}, Author = {Lock, AP and Brown, AR and Bush, MR and Martin, GM and Smith, RNB}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDSAQIDBFxyZWxhdGl2ZVBhdGhZYWxpYXNEYXRhXxBALi4vLi4vQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvTG9jay8yMDAwLnBkZk8RAcAAAAAAAcAAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANHnJFJIKwAAACibewgyMDAwLnBkZgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKJuLywPrPAAAAAAAAAAAAAIABQAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAETG9jawAQAAgAANHneLIAAAARAAgAAMsETawAAAABABgAKJt7AChslgAobIsAKGd7ABteBwACmFwAAgBaTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOgBncmFudGY6AENsb3VkU3RhdGlvbjoAZmlybF9saWJyYXJ5OgBmaXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXM6AExvY2s6ADIwMDAucGRmAA4AEgAIADIAMAAwADAALgBwAGQAZgAPABoADABNAGEAYwBpAG4AdABvAHMAaAAgAEgARAASAEdVc2Vycy9ncmFudGYvQ2xvdWRTdGF0aW9uL2ZpcmxfbGlicmFyeS9maXJsX2xpYnJhcnlfZmlsZXMvTG9jay8yMDAwLnBkZgAAEwABLwAAFQACAA3//wAAAAgADQAaACQAZwAAAAAAAAIBAAAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIr}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:15:36 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 17:15:36 +0000}, Isi = {000089461100008}, @@ -2564,13 +2611,13 @@ @article{lock_et_al_2000 Title = {A new boundary layer mixing scheme. {P}art {I}: Scheme description and single-column model tests}, Volume = {128}, Year = {2000}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ws.isiknowledge.com/cps/openurl/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:ut/000089461100008}} @article{hong_and_pan_1996, Abstract = {Abstract In this paper, the incorporation of a simple atmospheric boundary layer diffusion scheme into the NCEP Medium-Range Forecast Model is described. A boundary layer diffusion package based on the Troen and Mahrt nonlocal diffusion concept has been tested for possible operational implementation. The results from this approach are compared with those from the local diffusion approach, which is the current operational scheme, and verified against FIFE observations during 9?10 August 1987. The comparisons between local and nonlocal approaches are extended to the forecast for a heavy rain case of 15?17 May 1995. The sensitivity of both the boundary layer development and the precipitation forecast to the tuning parameters in the nonlocal diffusion scheme is also investigated. Special attention is given to the interaction of boundary layer processes with precipitation physics. Some results of parallel runs during August 1995 are also presented.}, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2322:NBLVDI>2.0.CO;2}, Author = {Hong, Song-You and Pan, Hua-Lu}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Monthly Weather Review}, Da = {1996/10/01}, Date = {1996/10/01}, @@ -2591,13 +2638,13 @@ @article{hong_and_pan_1996 Volume = {124}, Year = {1996}, Year1 = {1996}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124%3C2322:NBLVDI%3E2.0.CO;2}} @article{han_and_pan_2006, Abstract = {Abstract A parameterization of the convection-induced pressure gradient force (PGF) in convective momentum transport (CMT) is tested for hurricane intensity forecasting using NCEP's operational Global Forecast System (GFS) and its nested Regional Spectral Model (RSM). In the parameterization the PGF is assumed to be proportional to the product of the cloud mass flux and vertical wind shear. Compared to control forecasts using the present operational GFS and RSM where the PGF effect in CMT is taken into account empirically, the new PGF parameterization helps increase hurricane intensity by reducing the vertical momentum exchange, giving rise to a closer comparison to the observations. In addition, the new PGF parameterization forecasts not only show more realistically organized precipitation patterns with enhanced hurricane intensity but also reduce the forecast track error. Nevertheless, the model forecasts with the new PGF parameterization still largely underpredict the observed intensity. One of the many possible reasons for the large underprediction may be the absence of hurricane initialization in the models.}, Annote = {doi: 10.1175/MWR3090.1}, Author = {Han, Jongil and Pan, Hua-Lu}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Booktitle = {Monthly Weather Review}, Da = {2006/02/01}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:11:17 +0000}, @@ -2616,11 +2663,11 @@ @article{han_and_pan_2006 Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR3090.1}, Volume = {134}, Year = {2006}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR3090.1}} @article{businger_et_al_1971, Author = {Businger, JA and Wyngaard, JC and Izumi, Y and Bradley, EF}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-20 17:10:50 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2018-07-18 18:58:08 +0000}, Isi = {A1971I822800004}, @@ -2633,7 +2680,6 @@ @article{businger_et_al_1971 Title = {Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer}, Volume = {28}, Year = {1971}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ws.isiknowledge.com/cps/openurl/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:ut/A1971I822800004}} @article{xu_and_randall_1996, @@ -2824,17 +2870,18 @@ @article{kim_and_arakawa_1995 @techreport{hou_et_al_2002, Author = {Y. Hou and S. Moorthi and K. Campana}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-19 19:52:22 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 15:14:59 +0000}, Institution = {NCEP}, Number = {441}, Title = {Parameterization of Solar Radiation Transfer}, Type = {office note}, - Year = {2002}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} + Year = {2002}} @article{hu_and_stamnes_1993, Author = {Y.X. Hu and K. Stamnes}, + Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Date-Added = {2016-05-19 19:31:56 +0000}, Date-Modified = {2016-05-20 15:13:12 +0000}, Journal = {J. Climate}, @@ -2842,5 +2889,276 @@ @article{hu_and_stamnes_1993 Pages = {728-742}, Title = {An accurate parameterization of the radiative properties of water clouds suitable for use in climate models}, Volume = {6}, - Year = {1993}, - Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} + Year = {1993}} + +@article{alexander_et_al_2010, + author = {Alexander, M. J. and Geller, M. and McLandress, C. and Polavarapu, S. and Preusse, P. and Sassi, F. and Sato, K. and Eckermann, S. and Ern, M. and Hertzog, A. and Kawatani, Y. and Pulido, M. and Shaw, T. A. and Sigmond, M. and Vincent, R. and Watanabe, S.}, + title = {Recent developments in gravity-wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity-wave momentum flux from observations and models}, + journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, + volume = {136}, + number = {650}, + pages = {1103-1124}, + keywords = {atmosphere, gravity wave, momentum flux, drag, force, wind tendency, climate, global model}, + doi = {10.1002/qj.637}, + url = {https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qj.637}, + eprint = {https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.637}, + year = {2010}} + +@article{plougonven_and_zhang_2014, + author = {Plougonven, R. and Zhang, F.}, + title = {Internal gravity waves from atmospheric jets and fronts}, + journal = {Reviews of Geophysics}, + volume = {52}, + number = {1}, + pages = {33-76}, + keywords = {gravity waves, stratosphere, atmosphere, jets, fronts, weather}, + doi = {10.1002/2012RG000419}, + url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2012RG000419}, + eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2012RG000419}, + year = {2014}} + +@article{weinstock_1984, + author = {Weinstock, J.}, + title = {Simplified derivation of an algorithm for nonlinear gravity waves}, + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics}, + volume = {89}, + number = {A1}, + pages = {345-350}, + doi = {10.1029/JA089iA01p00345}, + url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JA089iA01p00345}, + eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/JA089iA01p00345}, + year = {1984}} + +@article{holton_1983, + author = {Holton, James R.}, + title = {The Influence of Gravity Wave Breaking on the General Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere}, + journal = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume = {40}, + number = {10}, + pages = {2497-2507}, + year = {1983}, + doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2497:TIOGWB>2.0.CO;2}, + URL = {https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2497:TIOGWB>2.0.CO;2}, + eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2497:TIOGWB>2.0.CO;2}} + +@article{geller_et_al_2013, + author = {Geller, M. A. and Alexander, M. Joan and Love, P. T. and Bacmeister, J. and Ern, M. and Hertzog, A. and Manzini, E. and Preusse, P. and Sato, K. and Scaife, A. A. and Zhou, T.}, + title = {A Comparison between Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes in Observations and Climate Models}, + journal = {Journal of Climate}, + volume = {26}, + number = {17}, + pages = {6383-6405}, + year = {2013}, + doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1}, + URL = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1}, + eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1}} + +@article{garcia_et_al_2017, + author = {Garcia, R. R. and Smith, A. K. and Kinnison, D. E. and Cámara, Á. and Murphy, D. J.}, + title = {Modification of the Gravity Wave Parameterization in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model: Motivation and Results}, + journal = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume = {74}, + number = {1}, + pages = {275-291}, + year = {2017}, + doi = {10.1175/JAS-D-16-0104.1}, + URL = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0104.1}, + eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0104.1}} + +@inproceedings{yudin_et_al_2016, + title={Gravity wave physics in the NOAA Environmental Modeling System}, + author={Yudin, V.A. and Akmaev, R.A. and Fuller-Rowell, T.J. and Alpert, J.C.}, + booktitle={International SPARC Gravity Wave Symposium}, + volume={48}, + number={1}, + pages={012024}, + year={2016}, + organization={}} + +@inproceedings{alpert_et_al_2018, + title={Integrating Unified Gravity Wave Physics Research into the Next Generation Global Prediction System for NCEP Research to Operations}, + author={Alpert, Jordan C and Yudin, Valery and Fuller-Rowell, Tim and Akmaev, Rashid A}, + booktitle={98th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting}, + year={2018}, + organization={AMS}} + +@article{eckermann_2011, + author = {Eckermann, Stephen D.}, + title = {Explicitly Stochastic Parameterization of Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag}, + journal = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences}, + volume = {68}, + number = {8}, + pages = {1749-1765}, + year = {2011}, + doi = {10.1175/2011JAS3684.1}, + URL = {https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAS3684.1}, + eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAS3684.1}} + +@article{lott_et_al_2012, + author = {Lott, F. and Guez, L. and Maury, P.}, + title = {A stochastic parameterization of non-orographic gravity waves: Formalism and impact on the equatorial stratosphere}, + journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, + volume = {39}, + number = {6}, + pages = {}, + keywords = {Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Rossby-gravity waves, gravity waves, stochastic parameterization, stratospheric dynamics}, + doi = {10.1029/2012GL051001}, + url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2012GL051001}, + eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2012GL051001}, + year = {2012}} + +@conference{yudin_et_al_2018, + author = {Yudin, V. A and Akmaev, R. A. and Alpert, J. C. and Fuller-Rowell T. J., and Karol S. I.}, + Booktitle = {25th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction}, + Date-Added = {2018-06-04 10:50:44 -0600}, + Date-Modified = {2018-06-04 10:54:39 -0600}, + Editor = {Am. Meteorol. Soc.}, + Title = {Gravity Wave Physics and Dynamics in the FV3-based Atmosphere Models Extended into the Mesosphere}, + Year = {2018}} + +@article{hines_1997, + title = "Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 2: Broad and quasi monochromatic spectra, and implementation", + journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics", + volume = "59", + number = "4", + pages = "387 - 400", + year = "1997", + issn = "1364-6826", + doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(96)00080-6", + url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682696000806", + author = "Colin O. Hines"} + +@article{alexander_and_dunkerton_1999, + author = {Alexander, M. J. and Dunkerton, T. 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R. and Marsh, D. R. and Kinnison, D. E. and Boville, B. A. and Sassi, F.}, + title = {Simulation of secular trends in the middle atmosphere, 1950–2003}, + journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, + volume = {112}, + number = {D9}, + pages = {}, + keywords = {global change, ozone depletion, water vapor trends, temperature trends}, + doi = {10.1029/2006JD007485}, + url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2006JD007485}, + eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2006JD007485}, + year = {2007}} + +@article{eckermann_et_al_2009, + title = "High-altitude data assimilation system experiments for the northern summer mesosphere season of 2007", + journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics", + volume = "71", + number = "3", + pages = "531 - 551", + year = "2009", + note = "Global Perspectives on the Aeronomy of the Summer Mesopause Region", + issn = "1364-6826", + doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.036", + url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682608002575", + author = "Stephen D. Eckermann and Karl W. Hoppel and Lawrence Coy and John P. McCormack and David E. Siskind and Kim Nielsen and Andrew Kochenash and Michael H. Stevens and Christoph R. Englert and Werner Singer and Mark Hervig", + keywords = "Data assimilation, Polar mesospheric cloud, Tide, Planetary wave, Mesosphere",} + +@inproceedings{alpert_et_al_2019, + title={Atmospheric Gravity Wave Sources Correlated with Resolved-scale GW Activity and Sub-grid Scale Parameterization in the FV3gfs Model}, + author={Alpert, Jordan C and Yudin, Valery A and Strobach, Edward}, + booktitle={AGU Fall Meeting 2019}, + year={2019}, + organization={AGU}} + +@Article{ern_et_al_2018, + AUTHOR = {Ern, M. and Trinh, Q. T. and Preusse, P. and Gille, J. C. and Mlynczak, M. G. and Russell III, J. M. and Riese, M.}, + TITLE = {GRACILE: a comprehensive climatology of atmospheric gravity wave parameters based on satellite limb soundings}, + JOURNAL = {Earth System Science Data}, + VOLUME = {10}, + YEAR = {2018}, + NUMBER = {2}, + PAGES = {857--892}, + URL = {https://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/10/857/2018/}, + DOI = {10.5194/essd-10-857-2018}} + +@inproceedings{yudin_et_al_2019, + title={Longitudinal Variability of Wave Dynamics in Weather Models Extended into the Mesosphere and Thermosphere}, + author={Yudin V.A. , S. I. Karol, R.A. Akmaev, T. Fuller-Rowell, D. Kleist, A. Kubaryk, and C. Thompson}, + booktitle={Space Weather Workshop}, + year={2019},} diff --git a/physics/docs/pdftxt/NoahMP.txt b/physics/docs/pdftxt/NoahMP.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f42aaaa00 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/docs/pdftxt/NoahMP.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +/** +\page NoahMP GFS NoahMP Land Surface Model +\section des_noahmp Description + +This implementation of the NoahMP Land Surface Model (LSM) is adapted from the version implemented in WRF v3.7 with additions by NOAA EMC staff to work with the UFS Atmosphere model. Authoritative documentation of the NoahMP scheme can be accessed at the following links: + +[University of Texas at Austin NoahMP Documentation](http://www.jsg.utexas.edu/noah-mp "University of Texas at Austin NoahMP Documentation") + +[NCAR Research Application Laboratory NoahMP Documentation](https://ral.ucar.edu/solutions/products/noah-multiparameterization-land-surface-model-noah-mp-lsm "NCAR RAL NoahMP Documentation") + +A primary reference for the NoahMP LSM is Niu et al. (2011) \cite niu_et_al_2011. + +The CCPP interface to the NoahMP LSM is a driving software layer on top of the actual NoahMP LSM. During the run sequence, code organization is as follows: ++ \ref noahmpdrv_run() calls + + \ref transfer_mp_parameters() + + \ref noahmp_options() + + \ref noahmp_options_glacier() and noahmp_glacier() if over the ice vegetation type (glacier) + + \ref noahmp_sflx() if over other vegetation types + + \ref penman() + +Note that noahmp_glacer() and noahmp_sflx() are the actual NoahMP codes. + +\section Default NoahMP LSM Options used in UFS atmosphere ++ Dynamic Vegetation (opt_dveg): 2 [On] ++ Canopy Stomatal Resistance (opt_crs): 1 [Ball-Berry] ++ Soil Moisture Factor for Stomatal Resistance (opt_btr): 1 [Noah soil moisture] ++ Runoff and Groundwater (opt_run): 1 [topmodel with groundwater (Niu et al. 2007 \cite niu_et_al_2007)] ++ Surface Layer Drag Coeff (opt_sfc): 1 [Monin-Obukhov] ++ Supercooled Liquid Water or Ice Fraction (opt_frz): 1 [no iteration (Niu and Yang, 2006 \cite niu_and_yang_2006)] ++ Frozen Soil Permeability (opt_inf): 1 [linear effects, more permeable (Niu and Yang, 2006, \cite niu_and_yang_2006)] ++ Radiation Transfer (opt_rad): 1 [modified two-stream (gap = f(solar angle, 3d structure ...)<1-fveg)] ++ Ground Snow Surface Albedo (opt_alb): 2 [class] ++ Partitioning Precipitation into Rainfall & Snowfall (opt_snf): 4 [use microphysics output] ++ Lower Boundary Condition of Soil Temperature (opt_tbot): 2 [tbot at zbot (8m) read from a file (original Noah)] ++ Snow/Soil Temperature Time Scheme (only layer 1) (opt_stc): 1 [semi-implicit; flux top boundary condition] + +\section intra_noahmp Intraphysics Communication + + GFS NoahMP LSM Driver (\ref arg_table_noahmpdrv_run) +\section gen_al_noahmp General Algorithm of Driver ++ \ref general_noahmpdrv +*/ diff --git a/physics/docs/pdftxt/UGWPv0.txt b/physics/docs/pdftxt/UGWPv0.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da7009b79 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/docs/pdftxt/UGWPv0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +/** +\page UGWPv0 Unified Gravity Wave Physics Version 0 +\section des_UGWP Description + +Gravity waves (GWs) are generated by a variety of sources in the atmosphere including orographic GWs (OGWs; quasi-stationary waves) and non-orographic GWs (NGWs; non-stationary oscillations). The subgrid scale parameterization scheme for OGWs can be found in Section \ref GFS_GWDPS. This scheme represents the operational version of the subgrid scale orography effects in Version 15 of Global Forecast System (GFS). + +The NGW physics scheme parameterizes the effects of non-stationary subgrid-scale waves in the global atmosphere models extended into the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. These non-stationary oscillations with periods bounded by Coriolis and Brunt-Väisälä frequencies and typical horizontal scales from tens to several hundreds of kilometers are forced by the imbalance of convective and frontal/jet dynamics in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (Fritts 1984 \cite fritts_1984; Alexander et al. 2010 \cite alexander_et_al_2010; Plougonven and Zhang 2014 \cite plougonven_and_zhang_2014). The NGWs propagate upwards and the amplitudes exponentially grow with altitude until instability and breaking of waves occur. Convective and dynamical instability induced by GWs with large amplitudes can trigger production of small-scale turbulence and self-destruction of waves. The latter process in the theory of atmospheric GWs is frequently referred as the wave saturation (Lindzen 1981 \cite lindzen_1981; Weinstock 1984 \cite weinstock_1984; Fritts 1984 \cite fritts_1984). Herein, “saturation” or "breaking" refers to any processes that act to reduce wave amplitudes due to instabilities and/or interactions arising from large-amplitude perturbations limiting the exponential growth of GWs with height. Background dissipation processes such as molecular diffusion and radiative cooling, in contrast, act independently of GW amplitudes. In the middle atmosphere, impacts of NGW saturation (or breaking) and dissipation on the large-scale circulation, mixing, and transport have been acknowledged in the physics of global weather and climate models after pioneering studies by Lindzen 1981 \cite lindzen_1981 and Holton 1983 \cite holton_1983. Comprehensive reviews on the physics of NGWs and OGWs in the climate research and weather forecasting highlighted the variety of parameterization schemes for NGWs （Alexander et al. 2010 \cite alexander_et_al_2010; Geller et al. 2013 \cite geller_et_al_2013; Garcia et al. 2017 \cite garcia_et_al_2017). They are formulated using different aspects of the nonlinear and linear propagation, instability, breaking and dissipation of waves along with different specifications of GW sources (Garcia et al. 2007 \cite garcia_et_al_2007; Richter et al 2010 \cite richter_et_al_2010; Eckermann et al. 2009 \cite eckermann_et_al_2009; Eckermann 2011 \cite eckermann_2011; Lott et al. 2012 \cite lott_et_al_2012). + +The current operational GFS physics parameterizes effects of stationary OGWs and convective GWs, neglecting the impacts of non-stationary subgrid scale GW physics. This leads to well-known shortcomings in the global model predictions in the stratosphere and upper atmosphere (Alexander et al. 2010 \cite alexander_et_al_2010; Geller et al. 2013). In order to describe the effects of unresolved GWs by dynamical cores in global forecast models, subgrid scales physics of stationary and non-stationary GWs needs to be implemented in the self-consistent manner under the Unified Gravity Wave Physics (UGWP) framework. + +The concept of UGWP and the related programming architecture implemented in FV3GFS was first proposed by CU-CIRES, NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) and Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for the Unified Forecast System (UFS) with variable positions of the model top lids (Alpert et al. 2019 \cite alpert_et_al_2019; Yudin et al. 2016 \cite yudin_et_al_2016; Yudin et al. 2018 \cite yudin_et_al_2018). As above, the UGWP considers identical GW propagation solvers for OGWs and NGWs with different approaches for specification of subgrid wave sources. The current set of the input and control parameters for UGWP version 0 (UGWP-v0) can select different options for GW effects including momentum deposition (also called GW drag), heat deposition, and mixing by eddy viscosity, conductivity and diffusion. The input GW parameters can control the number of directional azimuths in which waves can propagate, number of waves in single direction, and the interface model layer from the surface at which NGWs can be launched. Among the input parameters, the GW efficiency factors reflect intermittency of wave excitation. They can vary with horizontal resolutions, reflecting capability of the FV3 dynamical core to resolve mesoscale wave activity with the enhancement of model resolution. The prescribed distributions for vertical momentum flux (VMF) of NGWs have been employed in the global forecast models of NWP centers and reanalysis projects to ease tuning of GW schemes to the climatology of the middle atmosphere dynamics in the absence of the global wind data above about 35 km (Eckermann et al. 2009 \cite eckermann_et_al_2009; Molod et al. 2015 \cite molod_et_al_2015). These distributions of VMF qualitatively describe the general features of the latitudinal and seasonal variations of the global GW activity in the lower stratosphere, observed from the ground and space (Ern et al. 2018 \cite ern_et_al_2018). For the long-term climate projections, global models seek to establish communication between model physics and dynamics. This provides variable in time and space excitation of subgrid GWs under year-to-year variations of solar input and anthropogenic emissions (Richter et al 2010 \cite richter_et_al_2010; 2014 \cite richter_et_al_2014). + +Note that in the first release of UGWP (UGWP-v0), the momentum and heat deposition due to GW breaking and dissipation have been tested in the multi-year simulations and medium-range forecasts using FV3GFS-L127 configuration with top lid at about 80 km. In addition, the eddy mixing effects induced by instability of GWs are not activated in this version. Along with the GW heat and momentum depositions, GW eddy mixing is an important element of the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) physics, as shown in WAM simulations with the spectral dynamics (Yudin et al. 2018 \cite yudin_et_al_2018). The additional impact of eddy mixing effects in the middle and upper atmosphere need to be further tested, evaluated, and orchestrated with the subgrid turbulent diffusion of the GFS physics (work in progress). In UFS, the WAM with FV3 dynamics (FV3-WAM) will represent the global atmosphere model configuration extended into the thermosphere (top lid at ~600 km). In the mesosphere and thermosphere, the background attenuation of subgrid waves due to molecular and turbulent diffusion, radiative damping and ion drag will be the additional mechanism of NGW and OGW dissipation along with convective and dynamical instability of waves described by the linear (Lindzen 1981 \cite lindzen_1981) and nonlinear (Weinstock 1984 \cite weinstock_1984; Hines 1997 \cite hines_1997) saturation theories. + +\section intra_UGWPv0 Intraphysics Communication +\ref arg_table_cires_ugwp_run + +\section gen_al_ugwpv0 General Algorithm +\ref cires_ugwp_run + +*/ diff --git a/physics/docs/pdftxt/all_shemes_list.txt b/physics/docs/pdftxt/all_shemes_list.txt index 702c22256..3f2290d7b 100644 --- a/physics/docs/pdftxt/all_shemes_list.txt +++ b/physics/docs/pdftxt/all_shemes_list.txt @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ parameterizations in suites. - \b Land \b Surface \b Model - \subpage GFS_NOAH - \subpage GSD_RUCLSM + - \subpage NoahMP - \b Cumulus \b Parameterizations - \subpage GFS_SAMF @@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ parameterizations in suites. - \b Gravity \b Wave \b Drag - \subpage GFS_GWDPS - \subpage GFS_GWDC + - \subpage UGWPv0 - \b Surface \b Layer \b and \b Simplified \b Ocean \b and \b Sea \b Ice \b Representation - \subpage GFS_SFCLYR diff --git a/physics/module_MP_FER_HIRES.F90 b/physics/module_MP_FER_HIRES.F90 index a736c640f..23a2de7d7 100644 --- a/physics/module_MP_FER_HIRES.F90 +++ b/physics/module_MP_FER_HIRES.F90 @@ -2395,7 +2395,8 @@ END SUBROUTINE EGCP01COLUMN_hr !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !>\ingroup hafs_famp - SUBROUTINE FERRIER_INIT_hr (GSMDT,MPI_COMM_COMP,MYPE,mpiroot,THREADS) + SUBROUTINE FERRIER_INIT_hr (GSMDT,MPI_COMM_COMP,MYPE,mpiroot,THREADS, & + errmsg,errflg) !----------------------------------------------------------------------- !------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !--- SUBPROGRAM DOCUMENTATION BLOCK @@ -2448,11 +2449,13 @@ SUBROUTINE FERRIER_INIT_hr (GSMDT,MPI_COMM_COMP,MYPE,mpiroot,THREADS) INTEGER, PARAMETER :: MDR1=XMR1, MDR2=XMR2, MDR3=XMR3 ! ! VARIABLES PASSED IN - real,INTENT(IN) :: GSMDT - INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MYPE - INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MPIROOT - INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MPI_COMM_COMP - INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: THREADS + REAL, INTENT(IN) :: GSMDT + INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MYPE + INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MPIROOT + INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MPI_COMM_COMP + INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: THREADS + CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: errmsg + INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: errflg ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! LOCAL VARIABLES @@ -2486,12 +2489,11 @@ SUBROUTINE FERRIER_INIT_hr (GSMDT,MPI_COMM_COMP,MYPE,mpiroot,THREADS) ENDIF ENDDO IF (etampnew_unit1<0) THEN - write(0,*)'FERRIER_INIT_hr: Can not find unused fortran ' & - ,'unit to read in lookup tables' - write(0,*)' ABORTING!' -#ifdef MPI - call MPI_ABORT(MPI_COMM_COMP, rc, IRTN) -#endif + errmsg = 'FERRIER_INIT_hr: Can not find unused fortran & + &unit to read in lookup tables' + errmsg = trim(errmsg)//NEW_LINE('A')//' ABORTING!' + errflg = 1 + RETURN ENDIF ENDIF ! diff --git a/physics/module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 b/physics/module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 index ced43ae5c..1b9b3cf3f 100755 --- a/physics/module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 +++ b/physics/module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +!> \file module_sf_noahmp_glacier.f90 +!! This file contains the NoahMP Glacier scheme. + +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM module noahmp_glacier_globals implicit none @@ -109,6 +113,7 @@ module noahmp_glacier_globals end module noahmp_glacier_globals !------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM module noahmp_glacier_routines use noahmp_glacier_globals #ifndef CCPP @@ -150,6 +155,7 @@ module noahmp_glacier_routines ! ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine noahmp_glacier (& iloc ,jloc ,cosz ,nsnow ,nsoil ,dt , & ! in : time/space/model-related sfctmp ,sfcprs ,uu ,vv ,q2 ,soldn , & ! in : forcing @@ -356,6 +362,7 @@ subroutine noahmp_glacier (& end subroutine noahmp_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine atm_glacier (sfcprs ,sfctmp ,q2 ,soldn ,cosz ,thair , & qair ,eair ,rhoair ,solad ,solai , & swdown ) @@ -409,6 +416,7 @@ subroutine atm_glacier (sfcprs ,sfctmp ,q2 ,soldn ,cosz ,thair , & end subroutine atm_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine energy_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,qsnow ,rhoair , & !in eair ,sfcprs ,qair ,sfctmp ,lwdn ,uu , & !in vv ,solad ,solai ,cosz ,zref , & !in @@ -612,6 +620,7 @@ subroutine energy_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,qsnow ,rhoair , & !i end subroutine energy_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine thermoprop_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,dzsnso , & !in dt ,snowh ,snice ,snliq , & !in df ,hcpct ,snicev ,snliqv ,epore , & !out @@ -685,6 +694,7 @@ subroutine thermoprop_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,dzsnso , & !in end subroutine thermoprop_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine csnow_glacier (isnow ,nsnow ,nsoil ,snice ,snliq ,dzsnso , & !in tksno ,cvsno ,snicev ,snliqv ,epore ) !out ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -741,6 +751,7 @@ subroutine csnow_glacier (isnow ,nsnow ,nsoil ,snice ,snliq ,dzsnso , end subroutine csnow_glacier !=================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine radiation_glacier (dt ,tg ,sneqvo ,sneqv ,cosz , & !in qsnow ,solad ,solai , & !in albold ,tauss , & !inout @@ -831,6 +842,7 @@ subroutine radiation_glacier (dt ,tg ,sneqvo ,sneqv ,cosz , & !i end subroutine radiation_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snow_age_glacier (dt,tg,sneqvo,sneqv,tauss,fage) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -885,6 +897,7 @@ subroutine snow_age_glacier (dt,tg,sneqvo,sneqv,tauss,fage) end subroutine snow_age_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowalb_bats_glacier (nband,cosz,fage,albsnd,albsni) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -934,6 +947,7 @@ subroutine snowalb_bats_glacier (nband,cosz,fage,albsnd,albsni) end subroutine snowalb_bats_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowalb_class_glacier (nband,qsnow,dt,alb,albold,albsnd,albsni) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -979,6 +993,7 @@ subroutine snowalb_class_glacier (nband,qsnow,dt,alb,albold,albsnd,albsni) end subroutine snowalb_class_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine glacier_flux (nsoil ,nsnow ,emg ,isnow ,df ,dzsnso ,z0m , & !in zlvl ,zpd ,qair ,sfctmp ,rhoair ,sfcprs , & !in ur ,gamma ,rsurf ,lwdn ,rhsur ,smc , & !in @@ -1203,6 +1218,7 @@ subroutine glacier_flux (nsoil ,nsnow ,emg ,isnow ,df ,dzsnso ,z end subroutine glacier_flux ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine esat(t, esw, esi, desw, desi) !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! use polynomials to calculate saturation vapor pressure and derivative with @@ -1254,7 +1270,7 @@ subroutine esat(t, esw, esi, desw, desi) end subroutine esat ! ================================================================================================== - +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine sfcdif1_glacier(iter ,zlvl ,zpd ,z0h ,z0m , & !in qair ,sfctmp ,h ,rhoair ,mpe ,ur , & !in #ifdef CCPP @@ -1428,6 +1444,7 @@ subroutine sfcdif1_glacier(iter ,zlvl ,zpd ,z0h ,z0m , & !in end subroutine sfcdif1_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine tsnosoi_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,dt ,tbot , & !in ssoil ,snowh ,zbot ,zsnso ,df , & !in hcpct , & !in @@ -1491,6 +1508,7 @@ subroutine tsnosoi_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,dt ,tbot , & !in end subroutine tsnosoi_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine hrt_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,zsnso , & !in stc ,tbot ,zbot ,df , & !in hcpct ,ssoil ,phi , & !in @@ -1589,6 +1607,7 @@ subroutine hrt_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,zsnso , & !in end subroutine hrt_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine hstep_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt , & !in ai ,bi ,ci ,rhsts , & !inout stc ) !inout @@ -1643,6 +1662,7 @@ subroutine hstep_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt , & !in end subroutine hstep_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine rosr12_glacier (p,a,b,c,d,delta,ntop,nsoil,nsnow) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! subroutine rosr12 @@ -1703,6 +1723,7 @@ subroutine rosr12_glacier (p,a,b,c,d,delta,ntop,nsoil,nsnow) end subroutine rosr12_glacier ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine phasechange_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,fact , & !in dzsnso , & !in stc ,snice ,snliq ,sneqv ,snowh , & !inout @@ -1992,6 +2013,7 @@ subroutine phasechange_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,fact , & end subroutine phasechange_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine water_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,prcp ,sfctmp , & !in qvap ,qdew ,ficeold,zsoil , & !in isnow ,snowh ,sneqv ,snice ,snliq ,stc , & !inout @@ -2173,6 +2195,7 @@ subroutine water_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,prcp ,sfctmp , & !in end subroutine water_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowwater_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,sfctmp , & !in snowhin,qsnow ,qsnfro ,qsnsub ,qrain , & !in ficeold,zsoil , & !in @@ -2299,6 +2322,7 @@ subroutine snowwater_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,sfctmp , & !in end subroutine snowwater_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowfall_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,dt ,qsnow ,snowhin , & !in sfctmp , & !in isnow ,snowh ,dzsnso ,stc ,snice , & !inout @@ -2364,6 +2388,7 @@ subroutine snowfall_glacier (nsoil ,nsnow ,dt ,qsnow ,snowhin , & !in end subroutine snowfall_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine compact_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,stc ,snice , & !in snliq ,imelt ,ficeold, & !in isnow ,dzsnso ) !inout @@ -2463,6 +2488,7 @@ subroutine compact_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,stc ,snice , & !in end subroutine compact_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine combine_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil , & !in isnow ,sh2o ,stc ,snice ,snliq , & !inout dzsnso ,sice ,snowh ,sneqv , & !inout @@ -2635,6 +2661,7 @@ end subroutine combine_glacier ! ================================================================================================== ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine combo_glacier(dz, wliq, wice, t, dz2, wliq2, wice2, t2) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -2686,6 +2713,7 @@ subroutine combo_glacier(dz, wliq, wice, t, dz2, wliq2, wice2, t2) end subroutine combo_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine divide_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil , & !in isnow ,stc ,snice ,snliq ,dzsnso ) !inout ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -2811,6 +2839,7 @@ subroutine divide_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil , & !in end subroutine divide_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowh2o_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,qsnfro ,qsnsub , & !in qrain , & !in isnow ,dzsnso ,snowh ,sneqv ,snice , & !inout @@ -2958,6 +2987,7 @@ subroutine snowh2o_glacier (nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,qsnfro ,qsnsub , & !in end subroutine snowh2o_glacier ! ********************* end of water subroutines ****************************************** ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine error_glacier (iloc ,jloc ,swdown ,fsa ,fsr ,fira , & fsh ,fgev ,ssoil ,sag ,prcp ,edir , & #ifdef CCPP @@ -3043,6 +3073,7 @@ subroutine error_glacier (iloc ,jloc ,swdown ,fsa ,fsr ,fira , & end subroutine error_glacier ! ================================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine noahmp_options_glacier(idveg ,iopt_crs ,iopt_btr ,iopt_run ,iopt_sfc ,iopt_frz , & iopt_inf ,iopt_rad ,iopt_alb ,iopt_snf ,iopt_tbot, iopt_stc ) diff --git a/physics/module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 b/physics/module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 index af7a8362e..a0612d417 100755 --- a/physics/module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 +++ b/physics/module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +!> \file module_sf_noahmplsm.f90 +!! This file contains the NoahMP land surface model. + +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM module module_sf_noahmplsm #ifndef CCPP use module_wrf_utl @@ -277,6 +281,7 @@ module module_sf_noahmplsm ! !== begin noahmp_sflx ============================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine noahmp_sflx (parameters, & iloc , jloc , lat , yearlen , julian , cosz , & ! in : time/space-related dt , dx , dz8w , nsoil , zsoil , nsnow , & ! in : model configuration @@ -753,6 +758,7 @@ end subroutine noahmp_sflx !== begin atm ====================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine atm (parameters,sfcprs ,sfctmp ,q2 , & prcpconv,prcpnonc ,prcpshcv,prcpsnow,prcpgrpl,prcphail , & soldn ,cosz ,thair ,qair , & @@ -899,6 +905,7 @@ end subroutine atm !== begin phenology ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine phenology (parameters,vegtyp , snowh , tv , lat , yearlen , julian , & !in lai , sai , troot , elai , esai , igs) @@ -993,6 +1000,7 @@ end subroutine phenology !== begin precip_heat ============================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine precip_heat (parameters,iloc ,jloc ,vegtyp ,dt ,uu ,vv , & !in elai ,esai ,fveg ,ist , & !in bdfall ,rain ,snow ,fp , & !in @@ -1222,6 +1230,7 @@ end subroutine precip_heat !== begin error ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine error (parameters,swdown ,fsa ,fsr ,fira ,fsh ,fcev , & fgev ,fctr ,ssoil ,beg_wb ,canliq ,canice , & sneqv ,wa ,smc ,dzsnso ,prcp ,ecan , & @@ -1415,6 +1424,7 @@ end subroutine error !== begin energy =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine energy (parameters,ice ,vegtyp ,ist ,nsnow ,nsoil , & !in isnow ,dt ,rhoair ,sfcprs ,qair , & !in sfctmp ,thair ,lwdn ,uu ,vv ,zref , & !in @@ -2092,6 +2102,7 @@ end subroutine energy !== begin thermoprop =============================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine thermoprop (parameters,nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,ist ,dzsnso , & !in dt ,snowh ,snice ,snliq , & !in smc ,sh2o ,tg ,stc ,ur , & !in @@ -2203,6 +2214,7 @@ end subroutine thermoprop !== begin csnow ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine csnow (parameters,isnow ,nsnow ,nsoil ,snice ,snliq ,dzsnso , & !in tksno ,cvsno ,snicev ,snliqv ,epore ) !out ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -2262,6 +2274,7 @@ end subroutine csnow !== begin tdfcnd =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine tdfcnd (parameters, df, smc, sh2o) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! calculate thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the soil. @@ -2371,6 +2384,7 @@ end subroutine tdfcnd !== begin radiation ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine radiation (parameters,vegtyp ,ist ,ice ,nsoil , & !in sneqvo ,sneqv ,dt ,cosz ,snowh , & !in tg ,tv ,fsno ,qsnow ,fwet , & !in @@ -2495,6 +2509,7 @@ end subroutine radiation !== begin albedo =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine albedo (parameters,vegtyp ,ist ,ice ,nsoil , & !in dt ,cosz ,fage ,elai ,esai , & !in tg ,tv ,snowh ,fsno ,fwet , & !in @@ -2677,6 +2692,7 @@ end subroutine albedo !== begin surrad =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine surrad (parameters,mpe ,fsun ,fsha ,elai ,vai , & !in laisun ,laisha ,solad ,solai ,fabd , & !in fabi ,ftdd ,ftid ,ftii ,albgrd , & !in @@ -2802,6 +2818,7 @@ end subroutine surrad !== begin snow_age ================================================================================= +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snow_age (parameters,dt,tg,sneqvo,sneqv,tauss,fage) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -2856,6 +2873,7 @@ end subroutine snow_age !== begin snowalb_bats ============================================================================= +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowalb_bats (parameters,nband,fsno,cosz,fage,albsnd,albsni) ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -2911,6 +2929,7 @@ end subroutine snowalb_bats !== begin snowalb_class ============================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowalb_class (parameters,nband,qsnow,dt,alb,albold,albsnd,albsni,iloc,jloc) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -2964,6 +2983,7 @@ end subroutine snowalb_class !== begin groundalb ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine groundalb (parameters,nsoil ,nband ,ice ,ist , & !in fsno ,smc ,albsnd ,albsni ,cosz , & !in tg ,iloc ,jloc , & !in @@ -3028,6 +3048,7 @@ end subroutine groundalb !== begin twostream ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine twostream (parameters,ib ,ic ,vegtyp ,cosz ,vai , & !in fwet ,t ,albgrd ,albgri ,rho , & !in tau ,fveg ,ist ,iloc ,jloc , & !in @@ -3278,6 +3299,7 @@ end subroutine twostream !== begin vege_flux ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine vege_flux(parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,vegtyp ,veg , & !in dt ,sav ,sag ,lwdn ,ur , & !in uu ,vv ,sfctmp ,thair ,qair , & !in @@ -3851,6 +3873,7 @@ end subroutine vege_flux !== begin bare_flux ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine bare_flux (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,sag , & !in lwdn ,ur ,uu ,vv ,sfctmp , & !in thair ,qair ,eair ,rhoair ,snowh , & !in @@ -4174,6 +4197,7 @@ end subroutine bare_flux !== begin ragrb ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine ragrb(parameters,iter ,vai ,rhoair ,hg ,tah , & !in zpd ,z0mg ,z0hg ,hcan ,uc , & !in z0h ,fv ,cwp ,vegtyp ,mpe , & !in @@ -4274,6 +4298,7 @@ end subroutine ragrb !== begin sfcdif1 ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine sfcdif1(parameters,iter ,sfctmp ,rhoair ,h ,qair , & !in & zlvl ,zpd ,z0m ,z0h ,ur , & !in & mpe ,iloc ,jloc , & !in @@ -4452,6 +4477,7 @@ end subroutine sfcdif1 !== begin sfcdif2 ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine sfcdif2(parameters,iter ,z0 ,thz0 ,thlm ,sfcspd , & !in zlm ,iloc ,jloc , & !in akms ,akhs ,rlmo ,wstar2 , & !in @@ -4654,6 +4680,7 @@ end subroutine sfcdif2 !== begin esat ===================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine esat(t, esw, esi, desw, desi) !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! use polynomials to calculate saturation vapor pressure and derivative with @@ -4707,6 +4734,7 @@ end subroutine esat !== begin stomata ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine stomata (parameters,vegtyp ,mpe ,apar ,foln ,iloc , jloc, & !in tv ,ei ,ea ,sfctmp ,sfcprs , & !in o2 ,co2 ,igs ,btran ,rb , & !in @@ -4840,6 +4868,7 @@ end subroutine stomata !== begin canres =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine canres (parameters,par ,sfctmp,rcsoil ,eah ,sfcprs , & !in rc ,psn ,iloc ,jloc ) !out @@ -4924,6 +4953,7 @@ end subroutine canres !== begin calhum =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine calhum(parameters,sfctmp, sfcprs, q2sat, dqsdt2) implicit none @@ -4955,6 +4985,7 @@ end subroutine calhum !== begin tsnosoi ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine tsnosoi (parameters,ice ,nsoil ,nsnow ,isnow ,ist , & !in tbot ,zsnso ,ssoil ,df ,hcpct , & !in sag ,dt ,snowh ,dzsnso , & !in @@ -5090,6 +5121,7 @@ end subroutine tsnosoi !== begin hrt ====================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine hrt (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,zsnso , & stc ,tbot ,zbot ,dt , & df ,hcpct ,ssoil ,phi , & @@ -5192,6 +5224,7 @@ end subroutine hrt !== begin hstep ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine hstep (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt , & ai ,bi ,ci ,rhsts , & stc ) @@ -5251,6 +5284,7 @@ end subroutine hstep !== begin rosr12 =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine rosr12 (p,a,b,c,d,delta,ntop,nsoil,nsnow) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! subroutine rosr12 @@ -5312,6 +5346,7 @@ end subroutine rosr12 !== begin phasechange ============================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine phasechange (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,fact , & !in dzsnso ,hcpct ,ist ,iloc ,jloc , & !in stc ,snice ,snliq ,sneqv ,snowh , & !inout @@ -5535,10 +5570,13 @@ subroutine phasechange (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,isnow ,dt ,fact , end subroutine phasechange !== begin frh2o ==================================================================================== + +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM + subroutine frh2o (parameters,free,tkelv,smc,sh2o,& #ifdef CCPP - subroutine frh2o (parameters,free,tkelv,smc,sh2o,errmsg,errflg) + errmsg,errflg) #else - subroutine frh2o (parameters,free,tkelv,smc,sh2o) + ) #endif ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -5686,6 +5724,7 @@ end subroutine frh2o !== begin water ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine water (parameters,vegtyp ,nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,uu , & !in vv ,fcev ,fctr ,qprecc ,qprecl ,elai , & !in esai ,sfctmp ,qvap ,qdew ,zsoil ,btrani , & !in @@ -5917,6 +5956,7 @@ end subroutine water !== begin canwater ================================================================================= +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine canwater (parameters,vegtyp ,dt , & !in fcev ,fctr ,elai , & !in esai ,tg ,fveg ,iloc , jloc , & !in @@ -6049,6 +6089,7 @@ end subroutine canwater !== begin snowwater ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowwater (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,imelt ,dt ,zsoil , & !in sfctmp ,snowhin,qsnow ,qsnfro ,qsnsub , & !in qrain ,ficeold,iloc ,jloc , & !in @@ -6182,6 +6223,7 @@ end subroutine snowwater !== begin snowfall ================================================================================= +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowfall (parameters,nsoil ,nsnow ,dt ,qsnow ,snowhin , & !in sfctmp ,iloc ,jloc , & !in isnow ,snowh ,dzsnso ,stc ,snice , & !inout @@ -6252,6 +6294,7 @@ end subroutine snowfall !== begin combine ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine combine (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,iloc ,jloc , & !in isnow ,sh2o ,stc ,snice ,snliq , & !inout dzsnso ,sice ,snowh ,sneqv , & !inout @@ -6438,6 +6481,7 @@ end subroutine combine !== begin divide =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine divide (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil , & !in isnow ,stc ,snice ,snliq ,dzsnso ) !inout ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -6566,6 +6610,7 @@ end subroutine divide !== begin combo ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine combo(parameters,dz, wliq, wice, t, dz2, wliq2, wice2, t2) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none @@ -6620,6 +6665,7 @@ end subroutine combo !== begin compact ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine compact (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,stc ,snice , & !in snliq ,zsoil ,imelt ,ficeold,iloc , jloc , & !in isnow ,dzsnso ,zsnso ) !inout @@ -6725,6 +6771,7 @@ end subroutine compact !== begin snowh2o ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine snowh2o (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,qsnfro ,qsnsub , & !in qrain ,iloc ,jloc , & !in isnow ,dzsnso ,snowh ,sneqv ,snice , & !inout @@ -6878,6 +6925,7 @@ end subroutine snowh2o !== begin soilwater ================================================================================ +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine soilwater (parameters,nsoil ,nsnow ,dt ,zsoil ,dzsnso , & !in qinsur ,qseva ,etrani ,sice ,iloc , jloc, & !in sh2o ,smc ,zwt ,vegtyp ,& !inout @@ -7138,6 +7186,7 @@ end subroutine soilwater !== begin zwteq ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine zwteq (parameters,nsoil ,nsnow ,zsoil ,dzsnso ,sh2o ,zwt) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! calculate equilibrium water table depth (niu et al., 2005) @@ -7194,6 +7243,7 @@ end subroutine zwteq !== begin infil ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine infil (parameters,nsoil ,dt ,zsoil ,sh2o ,sice , & !in sicemax,qinsur , & !in pddum ,runsrf ) !out @@ -7294,6 +7344,7 @@ end subroutine infil !== begin srt ====================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine srt (parameters,nsoil ,zsoil ,dt ,pddum ,etrani , & !in qseva ,sh2o ,smc ,zwt ,fcr , & !in sicemax,fcrmax ,iloc ,jloc ,smcwtd , & !in @@ -7427,6 +7478,7 @@ end subroutine srt !== begin sstep ==================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine sstep (parameters,nsoil ,nsnow ,dt ,zsoil ,dzsnso , & !in sice ,iloc ,jloc ,zwt , & !in sh2o ,smc ,ai ,bi ,ci , & !inout @@ -7538,6 +7590,7 @@ end subroutine sstep !== begin wdfcnd1 ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine wdfcnd1 (parameters,wdf,wcnd,smc,fcr) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! calculate soil water diffusivity and soil hydraulic conductivity. @@ -7576,6 +7629,7 @@ end subroutine wdfcnd1 !== begin wdfcnd2 ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine wdfcnd2 (parameters,wdf,wcnd,smc,sice) ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! calculate soil water diffusivity and soil hydraulic conductivity. @@ -7617,6 +7671,7 @@ end subroutine wdfcnd2 !== begin groundwater ============================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine groundwater(parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,dt ,sice ,zsoil , & !in stc ,wcnd ,fcrmax ,iloc ,jloc , & !in sh2o ,zwt ,wa ,wt , & !inout @@ -7804,6 +7859,7 @@ end subroutine groundwater !== begin shallowwatertable ======================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine shallowwatertable (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,zsoil, dt , & !in dzsnso ,smceq ,iloc ,jloc , & !in smc ,wtd ,smcwtd ,rech, qdrain ) !inout @@ -7943,6 +7999,7 @@ end subroutine shallowwatertable !== begin carbon =================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine carbon (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,vegtyp ,dt ,zsoil , & !in dzsnso ,stc ,smc ,tv ,tg ,psn , & !in foln ,btran ,apar ,fveg ,igs , & !in @@ -8056,6 +8113,7 @@ end subroutine carbon !== begin co2flux ================================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine co2flux (parameters,nsnow ,nsoil ,vegtyp ,igs ,dt , & !in dzsnso ,stc ,psn ,troot ,tv , & !in wroot ,wstres ,foln ,lapm , & !in @@ -8424,6 +8482,7 @@ end subroutine co2flux !== begin noahmp_options =========================================================================== +!>\ingroup NoahMP_LSM subroutine noahmp_options(idveg ,iopt_crs ,iopt_btr ,iopt_run ,iopt_sfc ,iopt_frz , & iopt_inf ,iopt_rad ,iopt_alb ,iopt_snf ,iopt_tbot, iopt_stc ) diff --git a/physics/mp_fer_hires.F90 b/physics/mp_fer_hires.F90 index 9f265db22..95e521141 100644 --- a/physics/mp_fer_hires.F90 +++ b/physics/mp_fer_hires.F90 @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ subroutine mp_fer_hires_init(ncol, nlev, dtp, imp_physics, & ENDIF !MZ: fer_hires_init() in HWRF - CALL FERRIER_INIT_HR(dtp,mpicomm,mpirank,mpiroot,threads) + CALL FERRIER_INIT_HR(dtp,mpicomm,mpirank,mpiroot,threads,errmsg,errflg) if (mpirank==mpiroot) write (0,*)'F-A: FERRIER_INIT_HR finished ...' if (errflg /= 0 ) return diff --git a/physics/noahmp_tables.f90 b/physics/noahmp_tables.f90 index cbad19b4b..7bab292fb 100755 --- a/physics/noahmp_tables.f90 +++ b/physics/noahmp_tables.f90 @@ -1,3 +1,12 @@ +!> \file noahmp_tables.f90 +!! This file contains Fortran versions of the data tables included with NoahMP in mptable.tbl, soilparm.tbl, and genparm.tbl. + +!> \ingroup NoahMP_LSM +!! \brief Data from MPTABLE.TBL, SOILPARM.TBL, GENPARM.TBL for NoahMP +!! +!! Note that a subset of the data in the *.TBL files is represented in this file. For example, +!! only the data in the noah_mp_modis_parameters section of MPTABLE.TBL and the STAS section of +!! SOILPARM.TBL are included in this module. module noahmp_tables implicit none diff --git a/physics/samfdeepcnv.f b/physics/samfdeepcnv.f index bb5d5deb1..83e1efb80 100644 --- a/physics/samfdeepcnv.f +++ b/physics/samfdeepcnv.f @@ -1554,22 +1554,22 @@ subroutine samfdeepcnv_run (im,ix,km,itc,ntc,cliq,cp,cvap, & enddo enddo do i = 1, im - betamn = betas - if(islimsk(i) == 1) betamn = betal - if(ntk > 0) then - betamx = betamn + dbeta - if(tkemean(i) > tkemx) then - beta = betamn - else if(tkemean(i) < tkemn) then - beta = betamx + if(cnvflg(i)) then + betamn = betas + if(islimsk(i) == 1) betamn = betal + if(ntk > 0) then + betamx = betamn + dbeta + if(tkemean(i) > tkemx) then + beta = betamn + else if(tkemean(i) < tkemn) then + beta = betamx + else + tem = (betamx - betamn) * (tkemean(i) - tkemn) + beta = betamx - tem / dtke + endif else - tem = (betamx - betamn) * (tkemean(i) - tkemn) - beta = betamx - tem / dtke + beta = betamn endif - else - beta = betamn - endif - if(cnvflg(i)) then dz = (sumx(i)+zi(i,1))/float(kbcon(i)) tem = 1./float(kbcon(i)) xlamd(i) = (1.-beta**tem)/dz diff --git a/physics/satmedmfvdifq.F b/physics/satmedmfvdifq.F index 546cefca6..f5a5f1f78 100644 --- a/physics/satmedmfvdifq.F +++ b/physics/satmedmfvdifq.F @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ subroutine satmedmfvdifq_run(ix,im,km,ntrac,ntcw,ntiw,ntke, & & buop, shrp, dtn, & prnum, prmax, prmin, prtke, & prscu, pr0, ri, - & dw2, dw2min, zk, + & dw2, dw2min, zk, & elmfac, elefac, dspmax, & alp, clwt, cql, & f0, robn, crbmin, crbmax, @@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ subroutine satmedmfvdifq_run(ix,im,km,ntrac,ntcw,ntiw,ntke, & & epsi, beta, chx, cqx, & rdt, rdz, qmin, qlmin, & rimin, rbcr, rbint, tdzmin, - & rlmn, rlmn1, rlmx, elmx, + & rlmn, rlmn1, rlmn2, + & rlmx, elmx, & ttend, utend, vtend, qtend, & zfac, zfmin, vk, spdk2, & tkmin, tkminx, xkzinv, xkgdx, @@ -205,13 +206,14 @@ subroutine satmedmfvdifq_run(ix,im,km,ntrac,ntcw,ntiw,ntke, & ! real(kind=kind_phys) qlcr, zstblmax ! - real(kind=kind_phys) h1 + real(kind=kind_phys) h1 !! parameter(wfac=7.0,cfac=3.0) parameter(gamcrt=3.,gamcrq=0.,sfcfrac=0.1) parameter(vk=0.4,rimin=-100.) parameter(rbcr=0.25,zolcru=-0.02,tdzmin=1.e-3) - parameter(rlmn=30.,rlmn1=5.,rlmx=300.,elmx=300.) + parameter(rlmn=30.,rlmn1=5.,rlmn2=10.) + parameter(rlmx=300.,elmx=300.) parameter(prmin=0.25,prmax=4.0) parameter(pr0=1.0,prtke=1.0,prscu=0.67) parameter(f0=1.e-4,crbmin=0.15,crbmax=0.35) @@ -751,8 +753,9 @@ subroutine satmedmfvdifq_run(ix,im,km,ntrac,ntcw,ntiw,ntke, & ! if(tem1 > 1.e-5) then tem1 = tvx(i,k+1)-tvx(i,k) if(tem1 > 0.) then - xkzo(i,k) = min(xkzo(i,k),xkzinv) - xkzmo(i,k) = min(xkzmo(i,k),xkzinv) + xkzo(i,k) = min(xkzo(i,k), xkzinv) + xkzmo(i,k) = min(xkzmo(i,k), xkzinv) + rlmnz(i,k) = min(rlmnz(i,k), rlmn2) endif enddo enddo diff --git a/physics/sfc_noahmp_drv.f b/physics/sfc_noahmp_drv.f index ab9f2af0d..5ddd5aefc 100755 --- a/physics/sfc_noahmp_drv.f +++ b/physics/sfc_noahmp_drv.f @@ -1,7 +1,13 @@ !> \file sfc_noahmp_drv.f !! This file contains the NoahMP land surface scheme driver. -!> This module contains the CCPP-compliant NoahMP land surface scheme driver. +!>\defgroup NoahMP_LSM NoahMP LSM Model +!! \brief This is the NoahMP LSM driver module, with the functionality of +!! preparing variables to run the NoahMP LSM subroutine noahmp_sflx(), calling NoahMP LSM and post-processing +!! variables for return to the parent model suite including unit conversion, as well +!! as diagnotics calculation. + +!> This module contains the CCPP-compliant NoahMP land surface model driver. module noahmpdrv implicit none @@ -12,6 +18,9 @@ module noahmpdrv contains +!> \ingroup NoahMP_LSM +!! \brief This subroutine is called during the CCPP initialization phase and calls set_soilveg() to +!! initialize soil and vegetation parameters for the chosen soil and vegetation data sources. !! \section arg_table_noahmpdrv_init Argument Table !! \htmlinclude noahmpdrv_init.html !! @@ -38,9 +47,27 @@ end subroutine noahmpdrv_init subroutine noahmpdrv_finalize end subroutine noahmpdrv_finalize -!> \section arg_table_noahmpdrv_run Argument Table +!> \ingroup NoahMP_LSM +!! \brief This subroutine is the main CCPP entry point for the NoahMP LSM. +!! \section arg_table_noahmpdrv_run Argument Table !! \htmlinclude noahmpdrv_run.html !! +!! \section general_noahmpdrv NoahMP Driver General Algorithm +!! @{ +!! - Initialize CCPP error handling variables. +!! - Set a flag to only continue with each grid cell if the fraction of land is non-zero. +!! - This driver may be called as part of an iterative loop. If called as the first "guess" run, +!! save land-related prognostic fields to restore. +!! - Initialize output variables to zero and prepare variables for input into the NoahMP LSM. +!! - Call transfer_mp_parameters() to fill a derived datatype for input into the NoahMP LSM. +!! - Call noahmp_options() to set module-level scheme options for the NoahMP LSM. +!! - If the vegetation type is ice for the grid cell, call noahmp_options_glacier() to set +!! module-level scheme options for NoahMP Glacier and call noahmp_glacier(). +!! - For other vegetation types, call noahmp_sflx(), the entry point of the NoahMP LSM. +!! - Set output variables from the output of noahmp_glacier() and/or noahmp_sflx(). +!! - Call penman() to calculate potential evaporation. +!! - Calculate the surface specific humidity and convert surface sensible and latent heat fluxes in W m-2 from their kinematic values. +!! - If a "guess" run, restore the land-related prognostic fields. ! ! ! lheatstrg- logical, flag for canopy heat storage 1 ! ! parameterization ! @@ -968,8 +995,12 @@ subroutine noahmpdrv_run & return !................................... end subroutine noahmpdrv_run +!> @} !----------------------------------- +!> \ingroup NoahMP_LSM +!! \brief This subroutine fills in a derived data type of type noahmp_parameters with data +!! from the module \ref noahmp_tables. subroutine transfer_mp_parameters (vegtype,soiltype,slopetype, & & soilcolor,parameters) @@ -1134,7 +1165,10 @@ end subroutine transfer_mp_parameters !-----------------------------------------------------------------------& - +!> \ingroup NoahMP_LSM +!! brief Calculate potential evaporation for the current point. Various +!! partial sums/products are also calculated and passed back to the +!! calling routine for later use. subroutine penman (sfctmp,sfcprs,ch,t2v,th2,prcp,fdown,ssoil, & & cpfac,q2,q2sat,etp,snowng,frzgra,ffrozp, & & dqsdt2,emissi_in,sncovr) @@ -1143,10 +1177,6 @@ subroutine penman (sfctmp,sfcprs,ch,t2v,th2,prcp,fdown,ssoil, & ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! subroutine penman -! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -! calculate potential evaporation for the current point. various -! partial sums/products are also calculated and passed back to the -! calling routine for later use. ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- implicit none logical, intent(in) :: snowng, frzgra diff --git a/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.F90 b/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.F90 deleted file mode 100755 index fff3562d6..000000000 --- a/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.F90 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -!> \file sfc_noahmp_pre.F90 -!! This file contains data preparation for the NoahMP LSM for use in the GFS physics suite. - -!> This module contains the CCPP-compliant data preparation for NoahMP LSM. - module sfc_noahmp_pre - - implicit none - - private - - public :: sfc_noahmp_pre_init, sfc_noahmp_pre_run, sfc_noahmp_pre_finalize - - contains - - subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_init() - end subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_init - - subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_finalize - end subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_finalize - -!> \section arg_table_sfc_noahmp_pre_run Argument Table -!! \htmlinclude sfc_noahmp_pre_run.html -!! -!----------------------------------- - subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_run (im, lsm, lsm_noahmp, imp_physics, & - imp_physics_gfdl, imp_physics_mg, dtp, rain, rainc, ice, snow, & - graupel, rainn_mp, rainc_mp, ice_mp, snow_mp, graupel_mp, & - errmsg, errflg) - - use machine , only : kind_phys - - implicit none - - integer, intent(in) :: im, lsm, lsm_noahmp, & - imp_physics, imp_physics_gfdl, imp_physics_mg - real (kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: dtp - real (kind=kind_phys), dimension(im), intent(in) :: rain, rainc,& - ice, snow, graupel - real (kind=kind_phys), dimension(:), intent(inout) :: rainn_mp, & - rainc_mp, ice_mp, snow_mp, graupel_mp - - ! error messages - character(len=*), intent(out) :: errmsg - integer, intent(out) :: errflg - - ! --- locals: - integer :: i - real(kind=kind_phys) :: tem - real(kind=kind_phys), parameter :: con_p001= 0.001d0 - - !--- get the amount of different precip type for Noah MP - ! --- convert from m/dtp to mm/s - if (lsm == lsm_noahmp .and. (imp_physics == imp_physics_mg .or. imp_physics == imp_physics_gfdl)) then - tem = 1.0 / (dtp*con_p001) - do i=1,im - rainn_mp(i) = tem * (rain(i)-rainc(i)) - rainc_mp(i) = tem * rainc(i) - snow_mp(i) = tem * snow(i) - graupel_mp(i) = tem * graupel(i) - ice_mp(i) = tem * ice(i) - enddo - endif - - end subroutine sfc_noahmp_pre_run - end module sfc_noahmp_pre diff --git a/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.meta b/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.meta deleted file mode 100644 index 4cf834728..000000000 --- a/physics/sfc_noahmp_pre.meta +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ -[ccpp-arg-table] - name = sfc_noahmp_pre_run - type = scheme -[im] - standard_name = horizontal_loop_extent - long_name = horizontal loop extent - units = count - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[lsm] - standard_name = flag_for_land_surface_scheme - long_name = flag for land surface model - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[lsm_noahmp] - standard_name = flag_for_noahmp_land_surface_scheme - long_name = flag for NOAH MP land surface model - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[imp_physics] - standard_name = flag_for_microphysics_scheme - long_name = choice of microphysics scheme - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[imp_physics_gfdl] - standard_name = flag_for_gfdl_microphysics_scheme - long_name = choice of GFDL microphysics scheme - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[imp_physics_mg] - standard_name = flag_for_morrison_gettelman_microphysics_scheme - long_name = choice of Morrison-Gettelman microphysics scheme - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = in - optional = F -[dtp] - standard_name = time_step_for_physics - long_name = physics timestep - units = s - dimensions = () - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[rain] - standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount_on_dynamics_timestep - long_name = total rain at this time step - units = m - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[rainc] - standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount_on_dynamics_timestep - long_name = convective rain at this time step - units = m - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[ice] - standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_ice_amount_on_dynamics_timestep - long_name = ice fall at this time step - units = m - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[snow] - standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_snow_amount_on_dynamics_timestep - long_name = snow fall at this time step - units = m - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[graupel] - standard_name = lwe_thickness_of_graupel_amount_on_dynamics_timestep - long_name = graupel fall at this time step - units = m - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = in - optional = F -[rainn_mp] - standard_name = explicit_rainfall_rate_from_previous_timestep - long_name = explicit rainfall rate previous timestep - units = mm s-1 - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = inout - optional = F -[rainc_mp] - standard_name = convective_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep - long_name = convective precipitation rate from previous timestep - units = mm s-1 - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = inout - optional = F -[ice_mp] - standard_name = ice_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep - long_name = ice precipitation rate from previous timestep - units = mm s-1 - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = inout - optional = F -[snow_mp] - standard_name = snow_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep - long_name = snow precipitation rate from previous timestep - units = mm s-1 - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = inout - optional = F -[graupel_mp] - standard_name = graupel_precipitation_rate_from_previous_timestep - long_name = graupel precipitation rate from previous timestep - units = mm s-1 - dimensions = (horizontal_dimension) - type = real - kind = kind_phys - intent = inout - optional = F -[errmsg] - standard_name = ccpp_error_message - long_name = error message for error handling in CCPP - units = none - dimensions = () - type = character - kind = len=* - intent = out - optional = F -[errflg] - standard_name = ccpp_error_flag - long_name = error flag for error handling in CCPP - units = flag - dimensions = () - type = integer - intent = out - optional = F diff --git a/physics/sflx.f b/physics/sflx.f index 1654a8872..6a5914d02 100644 --- a/physics/sflx.f +++ b/physics/sflx.f @@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ subroutine gfssflx &! --- input runoff2 = 0.0 runoff3 = 0.0 snomlt = 0.0 + rc = 0.0 ! --- ... define local variable ice to achieve: ! sea-ice case, ice = 1 diff --git a/physics/ugwp_driver_v0.F b/physics/ugwp_driver_v0.F index 7f5490d24..52e545af4 100644 --- a/physics/ugwp_driver_v0.F +++ b/physics/ugwp_driver_v0.F @@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ subroutine cires_ugwp_driver_v0(me, master, &, rain real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in), dimension(im,levs) :: ugrs - &, vgrs, tgrs, qgrs, prsi, prsl, prslk, phii, phil, del + &, vgrs, tgrs, qgrs, prsl, prslk, phil, del + real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in), dimension(im,levs+1) :: + & phii, prsi ! real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in) :: oro_stat(im,nmtvr) real(kind=kind_phys), intent(in), dimension(im) :: hprime, oc @@ -258,6 +260,10 @@ end subroutine cires_ugwp_driver_v0 !ugwp-v0 subroutines: GWDPS_V0 and fv3_ugwp_solv2_v0 ! !===================================================================== +!>\ingroup cires_ugwp_run +!> @{ +!!Note for the sub-grid scale orography scheme in UGWP-v0: Due to degraded forecast scores of simulations with revised schemes for subgrid-scale orography effects in FV3GFS, EMC reinstalled the original gwdps-code with updated efficiency factors for the mountain blocking and OGW drag. The GFS OGW is described in the separate section (\ref GFS_GWDPS) and its “call” moved into UGWP-driver subroutine. This combination of NGW and OGW schemes was tested in the FV3GFS-L127 medium-range forecasts (15-30 days) for C96, C192, C384 and C768 resolutions and work in progress to introduce the optimal choice for the scale-aware representations of the efficiency factors that will reflect the better simulations of GW activity by FV3 dynamical core at higher horizontal resolutions. With the MERRA-2 VMF function for NGWs (\ref slat_geos5_tamp) and operational OGW drag scheme (\ref GFS_GWDPS), FV3GFS simulations can successfully forecast the recent major mid-winter sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events of 2018-02-12 and 2018-12-31 (10-14 days before the SSW onset; Yudin et al. 2019 \cite yudin_et_al_2019). The first multi-year (2015-2018) FV3GFS simulations with UGWP-v0 also produce the equatorial QBO-like oscillations in the zonal wind and temperature anomalies. +!! SUBROUTINE GWDPS_V0(IM, km, imx, do_tofd, & Pdvdt, Pdudt, Pdtdt, Pkdis, U1,V1,T1,Q1,KPBL, & PRSI,DEL,PRSL,PRSLK,PHII, PHIL,DTP,KDT, @@ -1248,7 +1254,9 @@ end subroutine gwdps_v0 ! !23456============================================================================== - +!>\ingroup cires_ugwp_run +!> @{ +!! subroutine fv3_ugwp_solv2_v0(klon, klev, dtime, & tm1 , um1, vm1, qm1, & prsl, prsi, philg, xlatd, sinlat, coslat,