diff --git a/.vscode/launch.json b/.vscode/launch.json
index 924f13441..99a7adcaa 100644
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
       "request": "launch",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/standalone/ten_runtime_smoke_test",
       "args": [
-        "--gtest_filter=ExtensionTest.BasicMultiAppCloseThroughEngine"
+        "--gtest_filter=CmdConversionTest.CmdConversionPathArray1"
       ],
       "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/out/linux/x64/tests/standalone/",
       "env": {
diff --git a/build/common/rust/rust.gni b/build/common/rust/rust.gni
index bcf12d30c..ba7ed03c6 100644
--- a/build/common/rust/rust.gni
+++ b/build/common/rust/rust.gni
@@ -156,7 +156,12 @@ template("rust_test") {
   assert(defined(invoker.project_path), "project_path is not defined")
 
   _target_name = target_name
+
   target_path = target_gen_dir
+  if (defined(invoker.target_path)) {
+    target_path = invoker.target_path
+  }
+
   tg_timestamp_proxy_file = "${target_path}/${target_name}_rust_tests"
 
   action("${_target_name}") {
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h
index 06224b6ec..d82d0e997 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_addon_host_t *ten_addon_register_extension_group(
     const char *name, ten_addon_t *addon);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_addon_unregister_extension_group(const char *name,
-                                                        ten_addon_t *addon);
+                                                          ten_addon_t *addon);
diff --git a/core/include/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h b/core/include/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h
index 8d487e695..c8fb73d36 100644
--- a/core/include/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h
+++ b/core/include/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h
@@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ typedef struct ten_env_t ten_env_t;
 typedef void (*ten_notify_func_t)(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_env_proxy_t *ten_env_proxy_create(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                    size_t initial_thread_cnt,
-                                                    ten_error_t *err);
+                                                      size_t initial_thread_cnt,
+                                                      ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_env_proxy_release(ten_env_proxy_t *self,
-                                         ten_error_t *err);
+                                           ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_env_proxy_notify(ten_env_proxy_t *self,
-                                        ten_notify_func_t notify_func,
-                                        void *user_data, bool sync,
-                                        ten_error_t *err);
+                                          ten_notify_func_t notify_func,
+                                          void *user_data, bool sync,
+                                          ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_env_proxy_acquire_lock_mode(ten_env_proxy_t *self,
-                                                   ten_error_t *err);
+                                                     ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API bool ten_env_proxy_release_lock_mode(ten_env_proxy_t *self,
-                                                   ten_error_t *err);
+                                                     ten_error_t *err);
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/app.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/app.h
index c7cc443ab..e01410197 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/app.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/app.h
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ typedef struct ten_app_t {
 
   ten_schema_store_t schema_store;
   ten_string_t base_dir;
+
+  void *user_data;
 } ten_app_t;
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_app_add_orphan_connection(
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.h
index b4f6eb514..7d66d0552 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.h
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@ typedef struct ten_engine_t ten_engine_t;
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_app_push_to_in_msgs_queue(
     ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *msg);
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_app_on_msg(ten_app_t *self,
-                                            ten_connection_t *connection,
-                                            ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
-                                            ten_error_t *err);
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_app_handle_out_msg(ten_app_t *self,
+                                                    ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
+                                                    ten_error_t *err);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_app_handle_in_msg(ten_app_t *self,
+                                                   ten_connection_t *connection,
+                                                   ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
+                                                   ten_error_t *err);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API ten_connection_t *ten_app_find_src_connection_for_msg(
     ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *msg);
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.h
index a8585ac56..e12bcf344 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.h
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@
 typedef struct ten_app_t ten_app_t;
 typedef struct ten_connection_t ten_connection_t;
 
-TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_app_on_cmd_start_graph(
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API bool ten_app_handle_start_graph_cmd(
     ten_app_t *self, ten_connection_t *connection, ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd,
     ten_error_t *err);
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.h
index cd913cc82..3466d1175 100644
--- a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.h
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_config.h"
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_extension_test_t {
   ten_extension_thread_t *test_extension_thread;
@@ -23,3 +24,14 @@ TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_extension_test_start(ten_extension_test_t *self);
 TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_extension_test_wait(ten_extension_test_t *self);
 
 TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_extension_test_destroy(ten_extension_test_t *self);
+
+typedef struct ten_extension_test_new_t {
+  ten_thread_t *test_app_thread;
+  ten_env_proxy_t *test_app_ten_env_proxy;
+  ten_event_t *test_app_ten_env_proxy_create_completed;
+} ten_extension_test_new_t;
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API ten_extension_test_new_t *ten_extension_test_create_new(void);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_API void ten_extension_test_destroy_new(
+    ten_extension_test_new_t *self);
diff --git a/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.h b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..942c8a264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/include_internal/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//
+// Copyright © 2024 Agora
+// This file is part of TEN Framework, an open source project.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
+// Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
+//
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_config.h"
+
+#include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
+
+typedef struct ten_addon_t ten_addon_t;
+typedef struct ten_env_t ten_env_t;
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_test_extension_group_addon_on_init(
+    TEN_UNUSED ten_addon_t *addon, ten_env_t *ten_env);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_test_extension_group_addon_create_instance(
+    ten_addon_t *addon, ten_env_t *ten_env, const char *name, void *context);
+
+TEN_RUNTIME_PRIVATE_API void ten_test_extension_group_addon_destroy_instance(
+    TEN_UNUSED ten_addon_t *addon, ten_env_t *ten_env, void *_extension_group,
+    void *context);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_manager/BUILD.gn b/core/src/ten_manager/BUILD.gn
index f06ef4ef7..9073e4d92 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_manager/BUILD.gn
+++ b/core/src/ten_manager/BUILD.gn
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ if (ten_enable_package_manager) {
       utils_static_lib_path = rebase_path("${root_gen_dir}/core/src/ten_utils")
       env += [ "TEN_UTILS_LIBRARY_PATH=${utils_static_lib_path}" ]
 
+      # If the output directory of `cargo build` (tman) and
+      # `cargo build --tests` (tman_test) is the same, and if `cargo build` is
+      # executed first followed by `cargo build --tests`, the resulting
+      # executable will be the normal executable, not the test case executable.
+      # Therefore, it's necessary to separate the `target-dir` for these two
+      # `cargo build` commands to avoid interfering with each other.
+      target_path = "${root_gen_dir}/core/src/tman_test"
+
       test_output_dir = "${root_out_dir}/tests/standalone/ten_manager"
 
       deps = [
diff --git a/core/src/ten_manager/Cargo.toml b/core/src/ten_manager/Cargo.toml
index 6f277ad1f..54ef3887d 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_manager/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/src/ten_manager/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 name = "ten_manager"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
-build = "src/build.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "tman"
diff --git a/core/src/ten_manager/src/build.rs b/core/src/ten_manager/src/build.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index eff5d1b45..000000000
--- a/core/src/ten_manager/src/build.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright © 2024 Agora
-// This file is part of TEN Framework, an open source project.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
-// Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
-//
-use std::fs;
-use std::process::Command;
-
-fn main() {
-    let output = Command::new("git")
-        .args(["describe", "--tags", "--abbrev=0"])
-        .output()
-        .expect("Failed to execute git command");
-
-    let version =
-        String::from_utf8(output.stdout).expect("Invalid UTF-8 sequence");
-    let version_trimmed = version.trim();
-
-    let version_without_v =
-        version_trimmed.strip_prefix('v').unwrap_or(version_trimmed);
-
-    fs::write(
-        "src/version.rs",
-        format!("pub const VERSION: &str = \"{}\";", version_without_v),
-    )
-    .expect("Unable to write version to file");
-}
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/app.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/app.c
index 61ce446b6..db7e1b069 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/app.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/app.c
@@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ ten_app_t *ten_app_create(ten_app_on_configure_func_t on_configure,
   self->manifest_info = NULL;
   self->property_info = NULL;
 
+  self->user_data = NULL;
+
   return self;
 }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/close.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/close.c
index 9b6dba1f6..ca0517b4a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/close.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/close.c
@@ -26,6 +26,41 @@
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 #include "ten_utils/sanitizer/thread_check.h"
 
+static bool ten_app_has_no_work(ten_app_t *self) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
+
+  if (ten_list_is_empty(&self->engines) &&
+      ten_list_is_empty(&self->orphan_connections)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool ten_app_could_be_close(ten_app_t *self) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
+
+  if (ten_app_has_no_work(self) && ten_app_is_endpoint_closed(self) &&
+      ten_protocol_context_store_is_closed(self->protocol_context_store)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void ten_app_proceed_to_close(ten_app_t *self) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
+
+  if (!ten_app_could_be_close(self)) {
+    TEN_LOGD("[%s] Could not close alive app.",
+             ten_string_get_raw_str(ten_app_get_uri(self)));
+    return;
+  }
+  TEN_LOGD("[%s] Close app.", ten_string_get_raw_str(ten_app_get_uri(self)));
+
+  ten_app_on_deinit(self);
+}
+
 static void ten_app_close_sync(ten_app_t *self) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
 
@@ -84,17 +119,6 @@ bool ten_app_close(ten_app_t *self, TEN_UNUSED ten_error_t *err) {
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool ten_app_has_no_work(ten_app_t *self) {
-  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
-
-  if (ten_list_is_empty(&self->engines) &&
-      ten_list_is_empty(&self->orphan_connections)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
 bool ten_app_is_closing(ten_app_t *self) {
   // TEN_NOLINTNEXTLINE(thread-check)
   // thread-check: this function is used to be called in threads other than the
@@ -111,30 +135,6 @@ bool ten_app_is_closing(ten_app_t *self) {
   return is_closing;
 }
 
-static bool ten_app_could_be_close(ten_app_t *self) {
-  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
-
-  if (ten_app_has_no_work(self) && ten_app_is_endpoint_closed(self) &&
-      ten_protocol_context_store_is_closed(self->protocol_context_store)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-static void ten_app_proceed_to_close(ten_app_t *self) {
-  TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
-
-  if (!ten_app_could_be_close(self)) {
-    TEN_LOGD("[%s] Could not close alive app.",
-             ten_string_get_raw_str(ten_app_get_uri(self)));
-    return;
-  }
-  TEN_LOGD("[%s] Close app.", ten_string_get_raw_str(ten_app_get_uri(self)));
-
-  ten_app_on_deinit(self);
-}
-
 void ten_app_check_termination_when_engine_closed(ten_app_t *self,
                                                   ten_engine_t *engine) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.c
index 01eebe090..1171d3835 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.c
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd_base.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/protocol/protocol.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/app/app.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd_result/cmd_result.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/string.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ void ten_app_do_connection_migration_or_push_to_engine_queue(
   }
 }
 
-static bool ten_app_on_msg_default_handler(ten_app_t *self,
-                                           ten_connection_t *connection,
-                                           ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
-                                           ten_error_t *err) {
+static bool ten_app_handle_msg_default_handler(ten_app_t *self,
+                                               ten_connection_t *connection,
+                                               ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
+                                               ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
   TEN_ASSERT(
       msg && ten_msg_check_integrity(msg) && ten_msg_get_dest_cnt(msg) == 1,
@@ -184,7 +184,10 @@ static bool ten_app_on_msg_default_handler(ten_app_t *self,
       // The 'msg' might be sent from extension A in engine 1 to extension B in
       // engine 2, there is no 'connection' in this case, the cmd result should
       // be sent back to engine A1.
-      result = ten_app_on_msg(self, NULL, resp, err);
+      //
+      // So, this cmd result needs to be passed back to the app for further
+      // processing.
+      result = ten_app_handle_in_msg(self, NULL, resp, err);
     }
 
     ten_shared_ptr_destroy(resp);
@@ -193,9 +196,9 @@ static bool ten_app_on_msg_default_handler(ten_app_t *self,
   return result;
 }
 
-static bool ten_app_on_cmd_close_app(ten_app_t *self,
-                                     ten_connection_t *connection,
-                                     ten_error_t *err) {
+static bool ten_app_handle_close_app_cmd(ten_app_t *self,
+                                         ten_connection_t *connection,
+                                         ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
 
   if (connection) {
@@ -213,8 +216,9 @@ static bool ten_app_on_cmd_close_app(ten_app_t *self,
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool ten_app_on_cmd_stop_graph(ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd,
-                                      ten_error_t *err) {
+static bool ten_app_handle_stop_graph_cmd(ten_app_t *self,
+                                          ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd,
+                                          TEN_UNUSED ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
   TEN_ASSERT(cmd && ten_cmd_base_check_integrity(cmd), "Should not happen.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_msg_get_type(cmd) == TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_STOP_GRAPH,
@@ -267,8 +271,36 @@ static bool ten_app_on_cmd_stop_graph(ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd,
   return true;
 }
 
-bool ten_app_on_msg(ten_app_t *self, ten_connection_t *connection,
-                    ten_shared_ptr_t *msg, ten_error_t *err) {
+bool ten_app_handle_out_msg(ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *msg,
+                            ten_error_t *err) {
+  // The source of the out message is the current app.
+  ten_msg_set_src_to_app(msg, self);
+
+  ten_loc_t *dest_loc = ten_msg_get_first_dest_loc(msg);
+  TEN_ASSERT(dest_loc && ten_loc_check_integrity(dest_loc) &&
+                 ten_msg_get_dest_cnt(msg) == 1,
+             "Should not happen.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(!ten_string_is_empty(&dest_loc->app_uri),
+             "App URI should not be empty.");
+
+  if (!ten_string_is_equal(&dest_loc->app_uri, ten_app_get_uri(self))) {
+    TEN_ASSERT(0, "Handle this condition.");
+  } else {
+    if (ten_string_is_empty(&dest_loc->graph_name)) {
+      // It means asking the app to do something.
+
+      ten_app_push_to_in_msgs_queue(self, msg);
+      ten_shared_ptr_destroy(msg);
+    } else {
+      TEN_ASSERT(0, "Handle this condition.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ten_app_handle_in_msg(ten_app_t *self, ten_connection_t *connection,
+                           ten_shared_ptr_t *msg, ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Should not happen.");
   TEN_ASSERT(msg && ten_msg_check_integrity(msg), "Should not happen.");
 
@@ -290,16 +322,16 @@ bool ten_app_on_msg(ten_app_t *self, ten_connection_t *connection,
 
   switch (ten_msg_get_type(msg)) {
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_START_GRAPH:
-      return ten_app_on_cmd_start_graph(self, connection, msg, err);
+      return ten_app_handle_start_graph_cmd(self, connection, msg, err);
 
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_CLOSE_APP:
-      return ten_app_on_cmd_close_app(self, connection, err);
+      return ten_app_handle_close_app_cmd(self, connection, err);
 
     case TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_STOP_GRAPH:
-      return ten_app_on_cmd_stop_graph(self, msg, err);
+      return ten_app_handle_stop_graph_cmd(self, msg, err);
 
     default:
-      return ten_app_on_msg_default_handler(self, connection, msg, err);
+      return ten_app_handle_msg_default_handler(self, connection, msg, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -373,7 +405,7 @@ static void ten_app_handle_in_msgs_sync(ten_app_t *self) {
     // And the following function -- 'ten_app_on_msg()' will do connection
     // migration if needed. So the cmd's 'origin_connection' _must_ _not_ be
     // passed to the 'ten_app_on_msg()' function here.
-    ten_app_on_msg(self, NULL, msg, &err);
+    ten_app_handle_in_msg(self, NULL, msg, &err);
   }
 
   ten_list_clear(&in_msgs_);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.c
index 2367e8e7b..fc150a159 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/start_graph.c
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd/start_graph/cmd.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/protocol/protocol.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/app/app.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
 static bool ten_app_fill_start_graph_cmd_extensions_info_from_predefined_graph(
     ten_app_t *self, ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd, ten_error_t *err) {
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ static bool ten_app_fill_start_graph_cmd_extensions_info_from_predefined_graph(
   return true;
 }
 
-bool ten_app_on_cmd_start_graph(ten_app_t *self, ten_connection_t *connection,
-                                ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd, ten_error_t *err) {
+bool ten_app_handle_start_graph_cmd(ten_app_t *self,
+                                    ten_connection_t *connection,
+                                    ten_shared_ptr_t *cmd, ten_error_t *err) {
   TEN_ASSERT(self && ten_app_check_integrity(self, true), "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(cmd && ten_cmd_base_check_integrity(cmd), "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_msg_get_type(cmd) == TEN_MSG_TYPE_CMD_START_GRAPH,
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_create_extension.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_create_extension.c
index a8576db00..6c421caab 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_create_extension.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_create_extension.c
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/addon/extension/extension.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct addon_create_extension_done_call_info_t {
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ static void proxy_addon_create_extension_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
   ten_go_callback_info_destroy(callback_info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_addon_create_extension(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                  void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_addon_create_extension(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                        void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ bool ten_go_ten_env_addon_create_extension(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
           addon_name, instance_name, callback_info);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_addon_create_extension,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_addon_create_extension,
                             addon_extension_create_info, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to addon_extension_create.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_destroy_extension.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_destroy_extension.c
index c2ed4d700..b2b9a10a2 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_destroy_extension.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_addon_destroy_extension.c
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/addon/extension/extension.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_addon_destroy_extension_info_t {
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ static void proxy_addon_destroy_extension_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
   ten_env_notify_addon_destroy_extension_info_destroy(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_addon_destroy_extension(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                   void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_addon_destroy_extension(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                         void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_addon_destroy_extension(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
           ten_go_extension_c_extension(extension_bridge), callback_info);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_addon_destroy_extension,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_addon_destroy_extension,
                             addon_extension_destroy_info, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to addon_extension_destroy.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
index cb8b0009e..f0856d575 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/value/value.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/value.h"
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/event.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/string.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value_get.h"
 
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_get_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_get_property(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -116,8 +117,9 @@ static ten_value_t *ten_go_ten_env_get_property_and_check_if_exists(
   ten_env_notify_get_property_info_t *info =
       ten_env_notify_get_property_info_create(path, path_len);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_get_property,
-                            info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property, info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_go_status_from_error(status, &err);
     goto done;
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property_async.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property_async.c
index e03e4a44f..35116fa26 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property_async.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property_async.c
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/value/value.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/value.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_get_property_info_t {
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ static void proxy_get_property_callback(ten_env_t *ten_env, ten_value_t *res,
   ten_env_notify_get_property_info_destroy(get_property_info);
 }
 
-static void ten_notify_get_property_async(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property_async(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                    void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -106,8 +107,8 @@ bool ten_go_ten_env_get_property_async(uintptr_t bridge_addr, const char *path,
       path, ten_go_callback_info_create(callback_id));
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_notify_get_property_async, get_property_info,
-                            false, &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property_async,
+                            get_property_info, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to get_property.");
 
     ten_env_notify_get_property_info_destroy(get_property_info);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
index 90b5a2a54..f253e3bf1 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_init_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_init_property_from_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                   void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_init_property_from_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                         void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_init_property_from_json_bytes(
   TEN_ASSERT(info, "Should not happen.");
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_init_property_from_json, info, false,
-                            &info->err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_init_property_from_json, info,
+                            false, &info->err)) {
     goto done;
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_is_cmd_connected.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_is_cmd_connected.c
index cc9e57850..f9e94f9dd 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_is_cmd_connected.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_is_cmd_connected.c
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_is_cmd_connected_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_notify_is_cmd_connected(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_is_cmd_connected(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                  void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -73,8 +74,9 @@ bool ten_go_ten_env_is_cmd_connected(uintptr_t bridge_addr, const char *name) {
   ten_env_notify_is_cmd_connected_info_t *info =
       ten_env_notify_is_cmd_connected_info_create(name);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_is_cmd_connected,
-                            info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_is_cmd_connected, info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to is_cmd_connected.");
     result = false;
     goto done;
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
index 6637568f3..e7b238e29 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static void ten_env_notify_log_info_destroy(ten_env_notify_log_info_t *info) {
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_log(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_log(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_log(uintptr_t bridge_addr, int level, const void *func_name,
         info->file_name, info->file_name_len, info->line_no, "%.*s",
         info->msg_len, info->msg);
   } else {
-    if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_log, info,
-                              false, &err)) {
+    if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_proxy_notify_log,
+                              info, false, &err)) {
       goto done;
     }
     ten_event_wait(info->completed, -1);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
index 8ea47b71b..6cc4762da 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_configure_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                             TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_configure_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                   TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_configure_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
     rc = ten_env_on_configure_done(self->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_configure_done, NULL, false,
-                              &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_configure_done, NULL,
+                              false, &err);
   }
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_create_extension_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_create_extension_done.c
index 8e3309f62..0a6f768fa 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_create_extension_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_create_extension_done.c
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_on_create_extensions_done_info_t {
   ten_list_t result;
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_on_create_extensions_done_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_notify_on_create_extensions_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                 void *user_data) {
+static void ten_notify_proxy_on_create_extensions_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                       void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_create_extensions_done(
           ten_env_notify_on_create_extensions_done_info_create(&result);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_notify_on_create_extensions_done,
+                            ten_notify_proxy_on_create_extensions_done,
                             on_create_extensions_done_info, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to on_create_extensions_done.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
index 4c64b106a..a312b2ab4 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/rwlock.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_deinit_done(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_deinit_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -72,7 +73,8 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_deinit_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
     rc = ten_env_on_deinit_done(self->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_deinit_done, self, false, &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_deinit_done, self, false,
+                              &err);
   }
 
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_delete_extension_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_delete_extension_done.c
index 8e35645b8..32fb16e7d 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_delete_extension_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_delete_extension_done.c
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_destroy_extensions_done(
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_destroy_extensions_done(
     ten_env_t *ten_env, TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_destroy_extensions_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_on_destroy_extensions_done, NULL,
-                            false, &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_on_destroy_extensions_done,
+                            NULL, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to on_destroy_extensions_done.");
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
index 0c8640dbc..dda9b08f2 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_init_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                        TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_init_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_init_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
     rc = ten_env_on_init_done(self->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_init_done, NULL, false, &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_init_done, NULL, false,
+                              &err);
   }
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
index 66e56daaa..d9344928c 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_start_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                         TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_start_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                               TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_start_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(
-      self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_on_start_done, NULL, false, &err);
+  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                                            ten_env_proxy_notify_on_start_done,
+                                            NULL, false, &err);
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_error_deinit(&err);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
index cec9eb843..c15b9a1bf 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_stop_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                        TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_stop_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ void ten_go_ten_env_on_stop_done(uintptr_t bridge_addr) {
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(
-      self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_on_stop_done, NULL, false, &err);
+  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                                            ten_env_proxy_notify_on_stop_done,
+                                            NULL, false, &err);
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_error_deinit(&err);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
index c89ec908e..1adead094 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_return_result_info_t {
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_notify_return_result(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                               void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -114,7 +115,8 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_return_result(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
       ten_env_notify_return_result_info_create(
           ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(cmd_result), ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(cmd));
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_return_result,
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result,
                             return_result_info, false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(return_result_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&api_status, &err);
@@ -149,7 +151,8 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_return_result_directly(
       ten_env_notify_return_result_info_create(
           ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(cmd_result), NULL);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_return_result,
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result,
                             return_result_info, false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(return_result_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&api_status, &err);
@@ -186,7 +189,8 @@ bool ten_go_ten_return_status_value(ten_go_ten_env_t *self, ten_go_msg_t *cmd,
   ten_env_notify_return_result_info_t *return_result_info =
       ten_env_notify_return_result_info_create(cmd_result,
                                                ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(cmd));
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_return_result,
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result,
                             return_result_info, false, &err)) {
     result = false;
     ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(return_result_info);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
index d8dfd67a8..5f2c7e299 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_t {
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                            void *user_audio_frame) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_audio_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                  void *user_audio_frame) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_audio_frame, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ bool ten_go_ten_env_send_audio_frame(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
           ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(audio_frame));
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame, notify_info, false,
-                            &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_audio_frame, notify_info,
+                            false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_destroy(notify_info);
     result = false;
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
index 1c66cbec0..9a6cdcef8 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_t {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_cmd(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_cmd(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -103,8 +103,9 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_send_cmd(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
           ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(cmd),
           handler_id <= 0 ? TEN_GO_NO_RESPONSE_HANDLER : handler_id);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_cmd,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_cmd, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_destroy(notify_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&status, &err);
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
index 6caa15393..0f3738357 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_send_data_info_t {
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_data_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_data(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_data(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -88,8 +89,9 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_send_data(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
   ten_env_notify_send_data_info_t *notify_info =
       ten_env_notify_send_data_info_create(ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(data));
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_data,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_data, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_data_info_destroy(notify_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&status, &err);
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
index 96dc69fa0..4c82d0b89 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/internal/json.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/json.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_send_json_info_t {
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_json_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_json(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -105,8 +106,9 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_send_json(uintptr_t bridge_addr,
 
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_json,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_json, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_json_info_destroy(notify_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&status, &err);
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
index 0995b34be..765ff2844 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/common.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/msg.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_t {
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_video_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                            void *user_video_frame) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_video_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                  void *user_video_frame) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_video_frame, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ ten_go_status_t ten_go_ten_env_send_video_frame(
           ten_go_msg_move_c_msg(video_frame));
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_send_video_frame, notify_info, false,
-                            &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_video_frame, notify_info,
+                            false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_destroy(notify_info);
     ten_go_status_from_error(&status, &err);
   }
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
index a64a54dca..e6e18e199 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_set_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -90,8 +91,9 @@ static void ten_go_ten_env_set_property(ten_go_ten_env_t *self,
   ten_env_notify_set_property_info_t *info =
       ten_env_notify_set_property_info_create(path, path_len, value);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_set_property,
-                            info, false, &info->err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property, info, false,
+                            &info->err)) {
     goto done;
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property_async.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property_async.c
index 5946f9383..06e97f737 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property_async.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/go/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property_async.c
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/ten_env/ten_env_internal.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/go/value/value.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/binding/go/interface/ten/value.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 typedef struct ten_env_notify_set_property_info_t {
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ static void proxy_set_property_callback(ten_env_t *ten_env, bool res,
   ten_env_notify_set_property_info_destroy(set_property_info, false);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ bool ten_go_ten_env_set_property_async(uintptr_t bridge_addr, const char *name,
           name, ten_go_value_c_value(value),
           ten_go_callback_info_create(callback_id));
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_set_property,
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property,
                             set_property_info, false, &err)) {
     TEN_LOGD("TEN/GO failed to set_property: %s", name);
     ten_env_notify_set_property_info_destroy(set_property_info, true);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
index af5e24a2e..b8c64ec6d 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_get_property.c
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/common/error.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/error.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/json.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/memory.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value.h"
 #include "ten_utils/value/value_get.h"
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_get_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_get_property(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -82,8 +83,9 @@ static ten_value_t *ten_py_ten_property_get_and_check_if_exists(
   ten_env_notify_get_property_info_t *info =
       ten_env_notify_get_property_info_create(path);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_get_property,
-                            info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_get_property, info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     goto done;
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
index efce126e7..98a9f95c7 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_init_property.c
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_init_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_init_property_from_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                                   void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_init_property_from_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                         void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_init_property_from_json(PyObject *self,
       ten_env_notify_init_property_info_create(json_str, strlen(json_str));
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_init_property_from_json, info, false,
-                            NULL)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_init_property_from_json, info,
+                            false, NULL)) {
     goto done;
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
index 04bba53c8..4a7a7a059 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_log.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static void ten_env_notify_log_info_destroy(ten_env_notify_log_info_t *info) {
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_log(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_log(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_log(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
                                      info->func_name, info->file_name,
                                      info->line_no, info->msg);
   } else {
-    if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_log, info,
-                              false, &err)) {
+    if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_proxy_notify_log,
+                              info, false, &err)) {
       goto done;
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
index a18317e9e..e64e1e3cc 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_configure_done.c
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 #include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_configure_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                             TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_configure_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                   TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_on_configure_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     rc = ten_env_on_configure_done(py_ten->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_configure_done, NULL, false,
-                              &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_configure_done, NULL,
+                              false, &err);
   }
 
   if (!rc) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
index 5f3878ee4..1b726c6ad 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_deinit_done.c
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_deinit_done(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_deinit_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -74,8 +75,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_on_deinit_done(PyObject *self,
     rc = ten_env_on_deinit_done(py_ten->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_deinit_done, py_ten, false,
-                              &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_deinit_done, py_ten,
+                              false, &err);
   }
 
   ten_error_deinit(&err);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
index 12c87c324..ba66bb16a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_init_done.c
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/metadata/metadata_info.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/on_xxx_done.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_init_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                        TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_init_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_on_init_done(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     rc = ten_env_on_init_done(py_ten->c_ten_env, &err);
   } else {
     rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                              ten_env_notify_on_init_done, NULL, false, &err);
+                              ten_env_proxy_notify_on_init_done, NULL, false,
+                              &err);
   }
 
   if (!rc) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
index 8a476b1f0..733c053d9 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_start_done.c
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_start_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                         TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_start_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                               TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_on_start_done(PyObject *self,
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(
-      py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_on_start_done, NULL, false, &err);
+  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                                            ten_env_proxy_notify_on_start_done,
+                                            NULL, false, &err);
   TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
 
   ten_error_deinit(&err);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
index 8d9a8b758..a0a376d6e 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_on_stop_done.c
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/on_xxx_done.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
-static void ten_env_notify_on_stop_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                        TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_on_stop_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(
       ten_env &&
           ten_env_check_integrity(
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_on_stop_done(PyObject *self,
   ten_error_t err;
   ten_error_init(&err);
 
-  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(
-      py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_on_stop_done, NULL, false, &err);
+  TEN_UNUSED bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                                            ten_env_proxy_notify_on_stop_done,
+                                            NULL, false, &err);
 
   ten_error_deinit(&err);
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
index 74a2ea6d1..74b449ad9 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_return_result.c
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_notify_return_result(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                               void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -108,9 +109,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_return_result(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_env_notify_return_result_info_t *notify_info =
       ten_env_notify_return_result_info_create(c_result_cmd, c_target_cmd);
 
-  bool rc =
-      ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_return_result,
-                           notify_info, false, &err);
+  bool rc = ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                                 ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result,
+                                 notify_info, false, &err);
   if (!rc) {
     ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
@@ -170,8 +171,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_return_result_directly(PyObject *self,
   ten_env_notify_return_result_info_t *notify_info =
       ten_env_notify_return_result_info_create(c_result_cmd, NULL);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_notify_return_result,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_return_result, notify_info,
+                            false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_return_result_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception(
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
index 252116bf0..7aa4c8aac 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_audio_frame.c
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                            void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_audio_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                  void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_send_audio_frame(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
       ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_create(cloned_frame);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame, notify_info, false,
-                            &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_audio_frame, notify_info,
+                            false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_audio_frame_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception("Failed to send audio frame.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
index f0581d040..f69abc286 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_cmd.c
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/msg/msg.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/python/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/msg/cmd_base/cmd_base.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd_result/cmd_result.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/memory.h"
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_cmd(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_cmd(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -152,8 +152,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_send_cmd(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_t *notify_info =
       ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_create(cloned_cmd, cb_func);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_cmd,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_cmd, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_cmd_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception("Failed to send cmd.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
index a384cb7d5..da0f2b75c 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_data.c
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_data_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_data(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_data(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -73,8 +74,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_send_data(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
   ten_env_notify_send_data_info_t *notify_info =
       ten_env_notify_send_data_info_create(cloned_data);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_data,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_data, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_data_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception("Failed to send data.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
index f23d2fa30..fffcd5a08 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_json.c
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_json_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_json(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_json(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -151,8 +152,9 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_send_json(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
       ten_env_notify_send_json_info_create(json, cb_func);
   ten_json_destroy(json);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_send_json,
-                            notify_info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_json, notify_info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception(ten_error_errmsg(&err));
 
     ten_env_notify_send_json_info_destroy(notify_info);
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
index e24397baf..2e5c3f712 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_send_video_frame.c
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(info);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_send_video_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
-                                            void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_send_video_frame(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                  void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ PyObject *ten_py_ten_env_send_video_frame(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
       ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_create(cloned_frame);
 
   if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(py_ten->c_ten_env_proxy,
-                            ten_env_notify_send_video_frame, notify_info, false,
-                            &err)) {
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_send_video_frame, notify_info,
+                            false, &err)) {
     ten_env_notify_send_video_frame_info_destroy(notify_info);
     success = false;
     ten_py_raise_py_runtime_error_exception("Failed to send video frame.");
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
index d0aacb71b..a5f49255e 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/binding/python/native/ten_env/ten_env_set_property.c
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ static void ten_env_notify_set_property_info_destroy(
   TEN_FREE(self);
 }
 
-static void ten_env_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env, void *user_data) {
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                              void *user_data) {
   TEN_ASSERT(user_data, "Invalid argument.");
   TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
              "Should not happen.");
@@ -78,8 +79,9 @@ static void ten_py_ten_env_set_property(ten_py_ten_env_t *self,
   ten_env_notify_set_property_info_t *info =
       ten_env_notify_set_property_info_create(path, value);
 
-  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy, ten_env_notify_set_property,
-                            info, false, &err)) {
+  if (!ten_env_proxy_notify(self->c_ten_env_proxy,
+                            ten_env_proxy_notify_set_property, info, false,
+                            &err)) {
     goto done;
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/connection/connection.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/connection/connection.c
index 65948fbad..7114ba1d2 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/connection/connection.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/connection/connection.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ static bool ten_connection_on_input(ten_connection_t *self,
       return ten_remote_on_input(self->attached_target.remote, msg, err);
     case TEN_CONNECTION_ATTACH_TO_APP:
       // Enable the 'app' to handle this message.
-      return ten_app_on_msg(self->attached_target.app, self, msg, err);
+      return ten_app_handle_in_msg(self->attached_target.app, self, msg, err);
     default:
       TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
       return false;
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/send.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/send.c
index 3cd9ff715..25a7377ab 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/send.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/send.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/app/msg_interface/common.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/common/loc.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_context/extension_context.h"
@@ -85,26 +86,43 @@ static bool ten_send_msg_internal(
     // @}
   }
 
-  ten_extension_t *extension = ten_env_get_attached_extension(self);
-  TEN_ASSERT(extension, "Invalid argument.");
+  switch (ten_env_get_attach_to(self)) {
+    case TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION: {
+      ten_extension_t *extension = ten_env_get_attached_extension(self);
+      TEN_ASSERT(extension, "Should not happen.");
+
+      if (extension->state < TEN_EXTENSION_STATE_INITTED) {
+        TEN_LOGE("Cannot send messages before on_init_done.");
+        ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
+                      "Cannot send messages before on_init_done.");
+        result = false;
+        goto done;
+      }
+
+      if (extension->state >= TEN_EXTENSION_STATE_CLOSING) {
+        TEN_LOGE("Cannot send messages after on_stop_done.");
+        ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
+                      "Cannot send messages after on_stop_done.");
+        result = false;
+        goto done;
+      }
+
+      result = ten_extension_handle_out_msg(extension, msg, err);
+      break;
+    }
 
-  if (extension->state < TEN_EXTENSION_STATE_INITTED) {
-    TEN_LOGE("Cannot send messages before on_init_done.");
-    ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
-                  "Cannot send messages before on_init_done.");
-    result = false;
-    goto done;
-  }
+    case TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_APP: {
+      ten_app_t *app = ten_env_get_attached_app(self);
+      TEN_ASSERT(app, "Should not happen.");
 
-  if (extension->state >= TEN_EXTENSION_STATE_CLOSING) {
-    TEN_LOGE("Cannot send messages after on_stop_done.");
-    ten_error_set(err, TEN_ERRNO_GENERIC,
-                  "Cannot send messages after on_stop_done.");
-    result = false;
-    goto done;
-  }
+      result = ten_app_handle_out_msg(app, msg, err);
+      break;
+    }
 
-  result = ten_extension_handle_out_msg(extension, msg, err);
+    default:
+      TEN_ASSERT(0, "Handle more conditions: %d", ten_env_get_attach_to(self));
+      break;
+  }
 
 done:
   if (err_new_created) {
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/internal/notify.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/internal/notify.c
index 4caf3b8ec..59d30372a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/internal/notify.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/internal/notify.c
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/io/runloop.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/thread.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/memory.h"
 
 static ten_notify_data_t *ten_notify_data_create(ten_notify_func_t notify_func,
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ bool ten_env_proxy_notify(ten_env_proxy_t *self, ten_notify_func_t notify_func,
       if (ten_extension_thread_call_by_me(extension_thread)) {
         notify_func(self->ten_env, user_data);
       } else {
-        TEN_ASSERT(sync == true, "Unsupported operation.");
+        TEN_ASSERT(sync == false, "Unsupported operation.");
 
         ten_runloop_post_task_tail(
             ten_extension_group_get_attached_runloop(extension_group),
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ bool ten_env_proxy_notify(ten_env_proxy_t *self, ten_notify_func_t notify_func,
       if (ten_app_thread_call_by_me(app)) {
         notify_func(self->ten_env, user_data);
       } else {
-        TEN_ASSERT(sync == true, "Unsupported operation.");
+        TEN_ASSERT(sync == false, "Unsupported operation.");
 
         ten_runloop_post_task_tail(
             ten_app_get_attached_runloop(app), ten_notify_to_app_task, app,
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.c
index e1ac4388c..63399d0a8 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.c
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_thread/extension_thread.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
-#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/common/errno.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "ten_utils/io/runloop.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/alloc.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/mutex.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 
 // There's no need to check for thread-safety, as ten_env_proxy is inherently
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ ten_env_proxy_t *ten_env_proxy_create(ten_env_t *ten_env,
     return NULL;
   }
 
+  // Checking 1: The platform currently only supports creating a `ten_env_proxy`
+  // from the `ten_env` of an extension, an extension_group, and an app.
   switch (ten_env->attach_to) {
     case TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION:
     case TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION_GROUP:
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ ten_env_proxy_t *ten_env_proxy_create(ten_env_t *ten_env,
     }
   }
 
+  // Checking 2: The creation of `ten_env_proxy` must occur within the belonging
+  // thread of the corresponding `ten_env`.
   switch (ten_env->attach_to) {
     case TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION: {
       ten_extension_t *extension = ten_env->attached_target.extension;
@@ -143,6 +147,9 @@ ten_env_proxy_t *ten_env_proxy_create(ten_env_t *ten_env,
   self->thread_cnt = initial_thread_cnt;
   self->ten_env = ten_env;
 
+  // The created `ten_env_proxy` needs to be recorded, and the corresponding
+  // `ten_env` cannot be destroyed as long as any `ten_env_proxy` has not yet
+  // been destroyed.
   ten_env_add_ten_proxy(ten_env, self);
 
   return self;
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.c
index 63533d1a5..950c8c6d2 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.c
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.c
@@ -8,13 +8,28 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/app/app.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/common/constant_str.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_thread/extension_thread.h"
 #include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_thread/on_xxx.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/app/app.h"
 #include "ten_runtime/extension/extension.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/msg/cmd/close_app/cmd.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/msg/msg.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/metadata.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/on_xxx_done.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env_proxy/ten_env_proxy.h"
 #include "ten_utils/container/list.h"
 #include "ten_utils/container/list_ptr.h"
+#include "ten_utils/lib/event.h"
+#include "ten_utils/lib/smart_ptr.h"
 #include "ten_utils/lib/thread.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
 #include "ten_utils/macro/memory.h"
 
 static void *ten_extension_thread_main(void *self_) {
@@ -35,6 +50,151 @@ static void *ten_extension_thread_main(void *self_) {
   return ten_extension_thread_main_actual(self->test_extension_thread);
 }
 
+static void test_ten_app_on_configure(ten_app_t *app, ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+#if 0
+  const char *property_json =
+      "{\
+         \"_ten\": {\
+           \"predefined_graphs\": [{\
+              \"name\": \"0\",\
+              \"auto_start\": false,\
+              \"nodes\": [{\
+                \"type\": \"extension_group\",\
+                \"name\": \"test_extension_group\",\
+                \"addon\": \"test_extension_group\"\
+              },{\
+                \"type\": \"extension\",\
+                \"name\": \"...\",\
+                \"addon\": \"...\",\
+                \"extension_group\": \"test_extension_group\"\
+              }]\
+           }]\
+         }\
+       }";
+  bool rc = ten_env_init_property_from_json(ten_env, property_json, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+#endif
+
+  bool rc = ten_env_on_configure_done(ten_env, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+}
+
+static void test_ten_app_on_init(ten_app_t *app, ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  ten_extension_test_new_t *test_info = app->user_data;
+  TEN_ASSERT(test_info, "Should not happen.");
+
+  test_info->test_app_ten_env_proxy = ten_env_proxy_create(ten_env, 1, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(test_info->test_app_ten_env_proxy, "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_event_set(test_info->test_app_ten_env_proxy_create_completed);
+
+  ten_env_on_init_done(ten_env, NULL);
+}
+
+static void test_ten_app_on_deinit(ten_app_t *app, ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  ten_extension_test_new_t *test_info = app->user_data;
+  TEN_ASSERT(test_info, "Should not happen.");
+
+  bool rc = ten_env_proxy_release(test_info->test_app_ten_env_proxy, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+
+  test_info->test_app_ten_env_proxy = NULL;
+
+  ten_env_on_deinit_done(ten_env, NULL);
+}
+
+void *test_app_thread_main(void *args) {
+  ten_error_t err;
+  ten_error_init(&err);
+
+  ten_extension_test_new_t *test_info = args;
+
+  ten_app_t *test_app =
+      ten_app_create(test_ten_app_on_configure, test_ten_app_on_init,
+                     test_ten_app_on_deinit, &err);
+  TEN_ASSERT(test_app, "Failed to create app.");
+
+  test_app->user_data = test_info;
+
+  bool rc = ten_app_run(test_app, false, &err);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_app_destroy(test_app);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static ten_addon_t test_extension_group_addon = {
+    NULL,
+    TEN_ADDON_SIGNATURE,
+    ten_test_extension_group_addon_on_init,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    ten_test_extension_group_addon_create_instance,
+    ten_test_extension_group_addon_destroy_instance,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+};
+
+ten_extension_test_new_t *ten_extension_test_create_new(void) {
+  // Register the test_extension_group addon.
+  ten_addon_register_extension_group("test_extension_group",
+                                     &test_extension_group_addon);
+
+  ten_extension_test_new_t *self = TEN_MALLOC(sizeof(ten_extension_test_new_t));
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Failed to allocate memory.");
+
+  self->test_app_ten_env_proxy = NULL;
+  self->test_app_ten_env_proxy_create_completed = ten_event_create(0, 1);
+
+  self->test_app_thread =
+      ten_thread_create("test app thread", test_app_thread_main, self);
+
+  ten_event_wait(self->test_app_ten_env_proxy_create_completed, -1);
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+static void ten_env_proxy_notify_close_app(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           TEN_UNUSED void *user_data) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(
+      ten_env &&
+          ten_env_check_integrity(
+              ten_env,
+              ten_env->attach_to != TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_ADDON ? true : false),
+      "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_shared_ptr_t *close_app_cmd = ten_cmd_close_app_create();
+  TEN_ASSERT(close_app_cmd, "Should not happen.");
+
+  // Set the destination so that the recipient is the app itself.
+  bool rc = ten_msg_clear_and_set_dest(close_app_cmd, TEN_STR_LOCALHOST, NULL,
+                                       NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+
+  rc = ten_env_send_cmd(ten_env, close_app_cmd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(rc, "Should not happen.");
+}
+
+void ten_extension_test_destroy_new(ten_extension_test_new_t *self) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(self->test_app_ten_env_proxy, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_env_proxy_notify(self->test_app_ten_env_proxy,
+                       ten_env_proxy_notify_close_app, NULL, false, NULL);
+
+  ten_thread_join(self->test_app_thread, -1);
+
+  TEN_ASSERT(self->test_app_ten_env_proxy == NULL, "Should not happen.");
+  ten_event_destroy(self->test_app_ten_env_proxy_create_completed);
+
+  TEN_FREE(self);
+
+  ten_addon_unregister_extension_group("test_extension_group",
+                                       &test_extension_group_addon);
+}
+
 ten_extension_test_t *ten_extension_test_create(
     ten_extension_t *test_extension, ten_extension_t *target_extension) {
   ten_extension_test_t *self = TEN_MALLOC(sizeof(ten_extension_test_t));
diff --git a/core/src/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.c b/core/src/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8182639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/ten_runtime/test/test_extension_group.c
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+//
+// This file is part of TEN Framework, an open source project.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+// See the LICENSE file for more information.
+//
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/addon/addon.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension/extension_addon_and_instance_name_pair.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/metadata.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/addon/extension_group/extension_group.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/extension_group/extension_group.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env/internal/log.h"
+#include "ten_runtime/ten_env/ten_env.h"
+#include "ten_utils/container/list_ptr.h"
+#include "ten_utils/log/log.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/check.h"
+#include "ten_utils/macro/mark.h"
+
+static void on_addon_create_instance_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                          ten_extension_t *extension,
+                                          void *cb_data) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
+             "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(extension && ten_extension_check_integrity(extension, true),
+             "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(
+      ten_env_get_attach_to(ten_env) == TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION_GROUP,
+      "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_extension_group_t *extension_group = ten_env_get_attached_target(ten_env);
+  TEN_ASSERT(extension_group &&
+                 ten_extension_group_check_integrity(extension_group, true),
+             "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_list_t *result = (ten_list_t *)cb_data;
+  TEN_ASSERT(result, "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_list_push_ptr_back(result, extension, NULL);
+
+  if (ten_list_size(result) ==
+      ten_list_size(
+          ten_extension_group_get_extension_addon_and_instance_name_pairs(
+              extension_group))) {
+    // Notify the default extension group that all extensions have been created.
+    ten_env_on_create_extensions_done(
+        ten_extension_group_get_ten_env(extension_group), result, NULL);
+
+    ten_list_destroy(result);
+  }
+}
+
+static void on_addon_destroy_instance_done(ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                           TEN_UNUSED void *cb_data) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env && ten_env_check_integrity(ten_env, true),
+             "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(
+      ten_env_get_attach_to(ten_env) == TEN_ENV_ATTACH_TO_EXTENSION_GROUP,
+      "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_extension_group_t *extension_group = ten_env_get_attached_target(ten_env);
+  TEN_ASSERT(extension_group &&
+                 ten_extension_group_check_integrity(extension_group, true),
+             "Invalid argument.");
+
+  // We modify 'extensions_cnt_of_being_destroyed' on the extension thread, so
+  // it's thread safe.
+  if (ten_extension_group_decrement_extension_cnt_of_being_destroyed(
+          extension_group) == 0) {
+    ten_env_on_destroy_extensions_done(ten_env, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+static void ten_test_extension_group_on_init(ten_extension_group_t *self,
+                                             ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_env_on_init_done(ten_env, NULL);
+}
+
+static void ten_test_extension_group_on_deinit(ten_extension_group_t *self,
+                                               ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_env_on_deinit_done(ten_env, NULL);
+}
+
+static void ten_test_extension_group_on_create_extensions(
+    ten_extension_group_t *self, ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_list_t *result = ten_list_create();
+
+  if (ten_list_is_empty(
+          ten_extension_group_get_extension_addon_and_instance_name_pairs(
+              self))) {
+    ten_env_on_create_extensions_done(ten_env, result, NULL);
+    ten_list_destroy(result);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Get the information of all the extensions which this extension group should
+  // create.
+  ten_list_foreach (
+      ten_extension_group_get_extension_addon_and_instance_name_pairs(self),
+      iter) {
+    ten_extension_addon_and_instance_name_pair_t *extension_name_info =
+        ten_ptr_listnode_get(iter.node);
+    TEN_ASSERT(extension_name_info, "Invalid argument.");
+
+    ten_string_t *extension_addon_name = &extension_name_info->addon_name;
+    ten_string_t *extension_instance_name = &extension_name_info->instance_name;
+
+    bool res = ten_addon_create_extension_async(
+        ten_env, ten_string_get_raw_str(extension_addon_name),
+        ten_string_get_raw_str(extension_instance_name),
+        (ten_env_addon_on_create_instance_async_cb_t)
+            on_addon_create_instance_done,
+        result, NULL);
+
+    if (!res) {
+      TEN_LOGE("Failed to find the addon for extension %s",
+               ten_string_get_raw_str(extension_addon_name));
+#if defined(_DEBUG)
+      TEN_ASSERT(0, "Should not happen.");
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void ten_test_extension_group_on_destroy_extensions(
+    ten_extension_group_t *self, ten_env_t *ten_env, ten_list_t extensions) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(self, "Invalid argument.");
+  TEN_ASSERT(ten_env, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  if (ten_list_size(&extensions) == 0) {
+    ten_env_on_destroy_extensions_done(ten_env, NULL);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ten_extension_group_set_extension_cnt_of_being_destroyed(
+      self, ten_list_size(&extensions));
+
+  ten_list_foreach (&extensions, iter) {
+    ten_extension_t *extension = ten_ptr_listnode_get(iter.node);
+    TEN_ASSERT(extension && ten_extension_check_integrity(extension, true),
+               "Invalid argument.");
+
+    ten_addon_destroy_extension_async(
+        ten_env, extension, on_addon_destroy_instance_done, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+void ten_test_extension_group_addon_on_init(TEN_UNUSED ten_addon_t *addon,
+                                            ten_env_t *ten_env) {
+  bool result = ten_env_init_manifest_from_json(ten_env,
+                                                // clang-format off
+                            "{\
+                              \"type\": \"extension_group\",\
+                              \"name\": \"test_extension_group\",\
+                              \"version\": \"1.0.0\"\
+                             }",
+                                                // clang-format on
+                                                NULL);
+  TEN_ASSERT(result, "Should not happen.");
+
+  ten_env_on_init_done(ten_env, NULL);
+}
+
+void ten_test_extension_group_addon_create_instance(ten_addon_t *addon,
+                                                    ten_env_t *ten_env,
+                                                    const char *name,
+                                                    void *context) {
+  TEN_ASSERT(addon && name, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_extension_group_t *ext_group = ten_extension_group_create(
+      name, NULL, ten_test_extension_group_on_init,
+      ten_test_extension_group_on_deinit,
+      ten_test_extension_group_on_create_extensions,
+      ten_test_extension_group_on_destroy_extensions);
+
+  ten_env_on_create_instance_done(ten_env, ext_group, context, NULL);
+}
+
+void ten_test_extension_group_addon_destroy_instance(
+    TEN_UNUSED ten_addon_t *addon, ten_env_t *ten_env, void *_extension_group,
+    void *context) {
+  ten_extension_group_t *extension_group =
+      (ten_extension_group_t *)_extension_group;
+  TEN_ASSERT(extension_group, "Invalid argument.");
+
+  ten_extension_group_destroy(extension_group);
+
+  ten_env_on_destroy_instance_done(ten_env, context, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/core/src/ten_rust/BUILD.gn b/core/src/ten_rust/BUILD.gn
index c5698d150..bbb49e3f4 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_rust/BUILD.gn
+++ b/core/src/ten_rust/BUILD.gn
@@ -16,12 +16,21 @@ if (enable_ten_rust) {
   if (is_linux || is_win || (is_mac && target_cpu == "x64")) {
     rust_test("ten_rust_test") {
       project_path = "//core/src/ten_rust"
-      test_output_dir = "${root_out_dir}/tests/standalone/ten_rust"
       integration_test_output_name = "integration_test"
 
       utils_static_lib_path = rebase_path("${root_gen_dir}/core/src/ten_utils")
       env = [ "TEN_UTILS_LIBRARY_PATH=${utils_static_lib_path}" ]
 
+      # If the output directory of `cargo build` (tman) and
+      # `cargo build --tests` (tman_test) is the same, and if `cargo build` is
+      # executed first followed by `cargo build --tests`, the resulting
+      # executable will be the normal executable, not the test case executable.
+      # Therefore, it's necessary to separate the `target-dir` for these two
+      # `cargo build` commands to avoid interfering with each other.
+      target_path = "${root_gen_dir}/core/src/ten_rust_test"
+
+      test_output_dir = "${root_out_dir}/tests/standalone/ten_rust"
+
       deps = [
         ":ten_rust_build_deps",
         ":ten_rust_test_data",
diff --git a/core/src/ten_rust/src/build.rs b/core/src/ten_rust/src/build.rs
index 025a78cb7..56a31832a 100644
--- a/core/src/ten_rust/src/build.rs
+++ b/core/src/ten_rust/src/build.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,13 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
 // Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
 //
-use std::{env, fs, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{
+    env, fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::id,
+    thread,
+    time::Duration,
+};
 
 fn auto_gen_schema_bindings_from_c() {
     let mut base_dir = env::current_dir()
@@ -32,13 +38,40 @@ fn auto_gen_schema_bindings_from_c() {
         .generate()
         .expect("Unable to generate bindings");
 
-    let generated_bindings = "src/schema/bindings.rs";
+    // Generate a unique temporary file based on the current process ID.
+    //
+    // When `ten_rust` is built, it writes to the
+    // `core/src/ten_rust/src/schema/bindings.rs` file, and multiple GN build
+    // paths can trigger the `cargo build` of `ten_rust`. For example, one is
+    // the `ten_rust_static_lib` GN target, another is the `ten_rust_test` GN
+    // target, and another case could be when building `tman`, where the
+    // `Cargo.toml` of `tman` includes a dependency on `ten_rust`, thus
+    // triggering the build of `ten_rust`. Therefore, if these targets trigger
+    // the `cargo build` at the same time, it may result in corrupted content in
+    // `core/src/ten_rust/src/schema/bindings.rs`. To prevent this, an
+    // atomic operation is needed to ensure that the content of
+    // `core/src/ten_rust/src/schema/bindings.rs` is not corrupted due to
+    // multiple parallel generation actions overwriting each other's file
+    // content. On Windows, Linux, and macOS, file system `rename` operations
+    // within the same mount point are atomic. Therefore, taking advantage of
+    // this feature, the content of `bindings.rs` is first generated into a
+    // temporary file, which is then atomically renamed to the final
+    // `bindings.rs`, thereby avoiding content corruption caused by parallel
+    // `cargo build` processes.
+    //
+    // TODO(Wei): Another possible solution is to differentiate the
+    // `core/src/ten_rust/src/schema/bindings.rs` files under these GN build
+    // paths, with each build path using its own `schema/bindings.rs`.
+    let schema_dir = Path::new("src/schema/");
+    let generated_bindings = schema_dir.join("bindings.rs");
+    let temp_bindings = schema_dir.join(format!("bindings_{}.rs.tmp", id()));
+
     binding_gen
-        .write_to_file(generated_bindings)
+        .write_to_file(&temp_bindings)
         .expect("Unable to write bindings into file.");
 
     // Add some rules to the bindings file to disable clippy lints.
-    let bindings_content = fs::read_to_string(generated_bindings)
+    let bindings_content = fs::read_to_string(&temp_bindings)
         .expect("Unable to read generated bindings");
     let disabled_clippy_lints = [
         "#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]",
@@ -47,8 +80,35 @@ fn auto_gen_schema_bindings_from_c() {
     ];
     let new_bindings_content =
         disabled_clippy_lints.join("\n") + "\n\n" + &bindings_content;
-    fs::write(generated_bindings, new_bindings_content)
+    fs::write(&temp_bindings, new_bindings_content)
         .expect("Unable to add clippy lint rules to the generated bindings.");
+
+    let max_retries = 5;
+    // 500 milliseconds delay between retries.
+    let retry_delay = Duration::from_millis(500);
+
+    for attempt in 1..=max_retries {
+        // Atomically move the temporary file to the target file.
+        match fs::rename(&temp_bindings, &generated_bindings) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                println!("File renamed successfully.");
+                break;
+            }
+            Err(e) if attempt < max_retries => {
+                println!(
+                    "Attempt {}/{} failed: {}. Retrying...",
+                    attempt, max_retries, e
+                );
+                thread::sleep(retry_delay);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                panic!(
+                    "Unable to move temporary bindings to final destination after {} attempts: {}",
+                    max_retries, e
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // The current auto-detection only supports limited environment combinations;
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/BUILD.gn b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/BUILD.gn
index ab81e6c8f..b1fb48323 100644
--- a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/BUILD.gn
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/BUILD.gn
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import("//build/ten_runtime/ten.gni")
 glob("standalone_test") {
   file_list = [
     # "basic.cc",
+    "new.cc",
     "send_cmd.cc",
   ]
 
diff --git a/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/new.cc b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/new.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ed25ac97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ten_runtime/smoke/standalone_test/new.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//
+// Copyright © 2024 Agora
+// This file is part of TEN Framework, an open source project.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, with certain conditions.
+// Refer to the "LICENSE" file in the root directory for more information.
+//
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/binding/cpp/ten.h"
+#include "include_internal/ten_runtime/test/extension_test.h"
+#include "ten_utils/lang/cpp/lib/value.h"
+#include "tests/ten_runtime/smoke/extension_test/util/binding/cpp/check.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// This part is the extension codes written by the developer, maintained in its
+// final release form, and will not change due to testing requirements.
+
+class test_extension_1 : public ten::extension_t {
+ public:
+  explicit test_extension_1(const std::string &name) : ten::extension_t(name) {}
+
+  void on_cmd(ten::ten_env_t &ten_env,
+              std::unique_ptr<ten::cmd_t> cmd) override {
+    if (std::string(cmd->get_name()) == "hello_world") {
+      auto cmd_result = ten::cmd_result_t::create(TEN_STATUS_CODE_OK);
+      cmd_result->set_property("detail", "hello world, too");
+      bool rc = ten_env.return_result(std::move(cmd_result), std::move(cmd));
+      EXPECT_EQ(rc, true);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEN_CPP_REGISTER_ADDON_AS_EXTENSION(standalone_test_new__test_extension_1,
+                                    test_extension_1);
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(StandaloneTest, New) {  // NOLINT
+  ten_extension_test_new_t *test = ten_extension_test_create_new();
+  ten_extension_test_destroy_new(test);
+}