diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/docs-ci.yml
index 511b7c28..8c2abfe9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-ci.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
 
     strategy:
       max-parallel: 4
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
-      - name: Give permission to run scripts
-        run: chmod +x ./docs/scripts/doc8_style_check.sh
-
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run:  pip install -e .[docs]
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pypi-release.yml b/.github/workflows/pypi-release.yml
index 188497e7..bc5d0e01 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pypi-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pypi-release.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
        with:
-         python-version: 3.8
+         python-version: 3.9
      - name: Install pypa/build
        run: python -m pip install build --user
      - name: Build a binary wheel and a source tarball
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index 80aee3fe..b7e21c8e 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
           job_name: ubuntu20_cpython
           image_name: ubuntu-20.04
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
               all: |
                 source venv/bin/activate
@@ -21,17 +21,7 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
           job_name: ubuntu22_cpython
           image_name: ubuntu-22.04
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
-          test_suites:
-              all: |
-                source venv/bin/activate
-                pytest -n 2 -vvs
-
-    - template: etc/ci/azure-posix.yml
-      parameters:
-          job_name: macos11_cpython
-          image_name: macOS-11
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
               all: |
                 source venv/bin/activate
@@ -41,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
           job_name: macos12_cpython
           image_name: macOS-12
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
               all: |
                 source venv/bin/activate
@@ -51,17 +41,23 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
           job_name: macos13_cpython
           image_name: macOS-13
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
-              all: |
-                source venv/bin/activate
-                pytest -n 2 -vvs
+              all: venv/bin/pytest -n 2 -vvs
+
+    - template: etc/ci/azure-posix.yml
+      parameters:
+          job_name: macos14_cpython_arm64
+          image_name: macOS-14
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+          test_suites:
+              all: venv/bin/pytest -n 2 -vvs
 
     - template: etc/ci/azure-win.yml
       parameters:
           job_name: win2019_cpython
           image_name: windows-2019
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
               all: |
                 call venv\Scripts\activate.bat
@@ -71,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
           job_name: win2022_cpython
           image_name: windows-2022
-          python_versions: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python_versions: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
           test_suites:
               all: |
                 call venv\Scripts\activate.bat
diff --git a/docs/Makefile b/docs/Makefile
index d0c3cbf1..788b0396 100644
--- a/docs/Makefile
+++ b/docs/Makefile
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 # from the environment for the first two.
 SPHINXOPTS    ?=
 SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SPHINXAUTOBUILD = sphinx-autobuild
 SOURCEDIR     = source
 BUILDDIR      = build
 
@@ -14,6 +15,13 @@ help:
 
 .PHONY: help Makefile
 
+# Run the development server using sphinx-autobuild
+docs:
+	@echo
+	@echo "Starting up the docs server..."
+	@echo
+	$(SPHINXAUTOBUILD) --port 8000 --watch ${SOURCEDIR} $(SOURCEDIR) "$(BUILDDIR)/html" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
 # Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
 # "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
 %: Makefile
diff --git a/docs/make.bat b/docs/make.bat
index 6247f7e2..4a3c1a48 100644
--- a/docs/make.bat
+++ b/docs/make.bat
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
 if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
 	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
 )
+if "%SPHINXAUTOBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXAUTOBUILD=sphinx-autobuild
+)
 set SOURCEDIR=source
 set BUILDDIR=build
 
 if "%1" == "" goto help
 
+if "%1" == "docs" goto docs
+
 %SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
 if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.
@@ -28,6 +33,13 @@ if errorlevel 9009 (
 %SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
 goto end
 
+:docs
+@echo
+@echo Starting up the docs server...
+@echo
+%SPHINXAUTOBUILD% --port 8000 --watch %SOURCEDIR% %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR%\html %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+goto end
+
 :help
 %SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
 
diff --git a/docs/scripts/doc8_style_check.sh b/docs/scripts/doc8_style_check.sh
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/docs/source/_static/theme_overrides.css b/docs/source/_static/theme_overrides.css
index 9662d63a..5863ccf5 100644
--- a/docs/source/_static/theme_overrides.css
+++ b/docs/source/_static/theme_overrides.css
@@ -1,353 +1,26 @@
-body {
-    color: #000000;
-}
-
-p {
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-.wy-plain-list-disc, .rst-content .section ul, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul, article ul {
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-.custom_header_01 {
-    color: #cc0000;
-    font-size: 22px;
-    font-weight: bold;
-    line-height: 50px;
-}
-
-h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
-    margin-bottom: 20px;
-    margin-top: 20px;
-}
-
-h5 {
-    font-size: 18px;
-    color: #000000;
-    font-style: italic;
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-h6 {
-    font-size: 15px;
-    color: #000000;
-    font-style: italic;
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-/* custom admonitions */
-/* success */
-.custom-admonition-success  .admonition-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ccffcc;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-success.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
-/* important */
-.custom-admonition-important  .admonition-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ccffcc;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-    border-bottom: solid 1px #000000;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-important.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
-/* caution */
-.custom-admonition-caution  .admonition-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffff99;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-    border-bottom: solid 1px #e8e8e8;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-caution.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
-/* note */
-.custom-admonition-note  .admonition-title {
-    color: #ffffff;
-    background: #006bb3;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-note.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
-/* todo */
-.custom-admonition-todo  .admonition-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #cce6ff;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-    border-bottom: solid 1px #99ccff;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-todo.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #99ccff;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
-/* examples */
-.custom-admonition-examples  .admonition-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffe6cc;
-    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
-    border-bottom: solid 1px #d8d8d8;
-}
-div.custom-admonition-examples.admonition {
-    color: #000000;
-    background: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #cccccc;
-    border-radius: 5px;
-    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 3px #d8d8d8;
-    margin: 20px 0px 30px 0px;
-}
-
+/* this is the container for the pages */
 .wy-nav-content {
     max-width: 100%;
-    padding-right: 100px;
-    padding-left: 100px;
-    background-color: #f2f2f2;
-}
-
-div.rst-content {
-    background-color: #ffffff;
-    border: solid 1px #e5e5e5;
-    padding: 20px 40px 20px 40px;
-}
-
-.rst-content .guilabel {
-    border: 1px solid #ffff99;
-    background: #ffff99;
-    font-size: 100%;
-    font-weight: normal;
-    border-radius: 4px;
-    padding: 2px 0px;
-    margin: auto 2px;
-    vertical-align: middle;
-}
-
-.rst-content kbd {
-    font-family: SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",Courier,monospace;
-    border: solid 1px #d8d8d8;
-    background-color: #f5f5f5;
-    padding: 0px 3px;
-    border-radius: 3px;
-}
-
-.wy-nav-content-wrap a {
-    color: #0066cc;
-    text-decoration: none;
-}
-.wy-nav-content-wrap a:hover {
-    color: #0099cc;
-    text-decoration: underline;
-}
-
-.wy-nav-top a {
-    color: #ffffff;
-}
-
-/* Based on numerous similar approaches e.g., https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/117 and https://rackerlabs.github.io/docs-rackspace/tools/rtd-tables.html -- but remove form-factor limits to enable table wrap on full-size and smallest-size form factors */
-.wy-table-responsive table td {
-    white-space: normal !important;
-}
-
-.rst-content table.docutils td,
-.rst-content table.docutils th {
-    padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px;
-}
-.rst-content table.docutils td p,
-.rst-content table.docutils th p {
-    font-size: 14px;
-    margin-bottom: 0px;
-}
-.rst-content table.docutils td p cite,
-.rst-content table.docutils th p cite {
-    font-size: 14px;
-    background-color: transparent;
-}
-
-.colwidths-given th {
-    border: solid 1px #d8d8d8 !important;
-}
-.colwidths-given td {
-    border: solid 1px #d8d8d8 !important;
-}
-
-/*handles single-tick inline code*/
-.wy-body-for-nav cite {
-    color: #000000;
-    background-color: transparent;
-    font-style: normal;
-    font-family: "Courier New";
-    font-size: 13px;
-    padding: 3px 3px 3px 3px;
-}
-
-.rst-content pre.literal-block, .rst-content div[class^="highlight"] pre, .rst-content .linenodiv pre {
-    font-family: SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",Courier,monospace;
-    font-size: 13px;
-    overflow: visible;
-    white-space: pre-wrap;
-    color: #000000;
-}
-
-.rst-content pre.literal-block, .rst-content div[class^='highlight'] {
-    background-color: #f8f8f8;
-    border: solid 1px #e8e8e8;
-}
-
-/* This enables inline code to wrap. */
-code, .rst-content tt, .rst-content code {
-    white-space: pre-wrap;
-    padding: 2px 3px 1px;
-    border-radius: 3px;
-    font-size: 13px;
-    background-color: #ffffff;
-}
-
-/* use this added class for code blocks attached to bulleted list items */
-.highlight-top-margin {
-    margin-top: 20px !important;
-}
-
-/* change color of inline code block */
-span.pre {
-    color: #e01e5a;
-}
-
-.wy-body-for-nav blockquote {
-    margin: 1em 0;
-    padding-left: 1em;
-    border-left: 4px solid #ddd;
-    color: #000000;
-}
-
-/* Fix the unwanted top and bottom padding inside a nested bulleted/numbered list */
-.rst-content .section ol p, .rst-content .section ul p {
-    margin-bottom: 0px;
-}
-
-/* add spacing between bullets for legibility */
-.rst-content .section ol li, .rst-content .section ul li {
-    margin-bottom: 5px;
-}
-
-.rst-content .section ol li:first-child, .rst-content .section ul li:first-child {
-    margin-top: 5px;
-}
-
-/* but exclude the toctree bullets */
-.rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li:first-child {
+    padding: 0px 40px 0px 0px;
     margin-top: 0px;
-    margin-bottom: 0px;
 }
 
-/* remove extra space at bottom of multine list-table cell */
-.rst-content .line-block {
-    margin-left: 0px;
-    margin-bottom: 0px;
-    line-height: 24px;
+.wy-nav-content-wrap {
+    border-right: solid 1px;
 }
 
-/* fix extra vertical spacing in page toctree */
-.rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li ul, article ul li ul {
-    margin-top: 0;
-    margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-/* this is used by the genindex added via layout.html (see source/_templates/) to sidebar toc */
-.reference.internal.toc-index {
-    color: #d9d9d9;
-}
-
-.reference.internal.toc-index.current {
-    background-color: #ffffff;
-    color: #000000;
-    font-weight: bold;
-}
-
-.toc-index-div {
-    border-top: solid 1px #000000;
-    margin-top: 10px;
-    padding-top: 5px;
-}
-
-.indextable ul li {
-    font-size: 14px;
-    margin-bottom: 5px;
-}
-
-/* The next 2 fix the poor vertical spacing in genindex.html (the alphabetized index) */
-.indextable.genindextable {
-    margin-bottom: 20px;
-}
-
-div.genindex-jumpbox {
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-
-/* rst image classes */
-
-.clear-both {
-    clear: both;
-  }
-
-.float-left {
-    float: left;
-    margin-right: 20px;
-}
-
-img {
-    border: solid 1px #e8e8e8;
-}
-
-/* These are custom and need to be defined in conf.py to access in all pages, e.g., '.. role:: red' */
-.img-title {
-    color: #000000;
-    /* neither padding nor margin works for vertical spacing bc it's a span -- line-height does, sort of */
-    line-height: 3.0;
-    font-style: italic;
-    font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-.img-title-para {
-    color: #000000;
-    margin-top: 20px;
-    margin-bottom: 0px;
-    font-style: italic;
-    font-weight: 500;
-}
-
-.red {
-    color: red;
+div.rst-content {
+    max-width: 1300px;
+    border: 0;
+    padding: 10px 80px 10px 80px;
+    margin-left: 50px;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+    div.rst-content {
+        max-width: 1300px;
+        border: 0;
+        padding: 0px 10px 10px 10px;
+        margin-left: 0px;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 918d62c1..7771ff09 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 extensions = [
     "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
     "sphinx_reredirects",
+    "sphinx_rtd_theme",
+    "sphinx_rtd_dark_mode",
+    "sphinx.ext.extlinks",
+    "sphinx_copybutton",
 ]
 
 
@@ -43,7 +47,10 @@
 
 intersphinx_mapping = {
     "aboutcode": ("https://aboutcode.readthedocs.io/en/latest/", None),
-    "scancode-workbench": ("https://scancode-workbench.readthedocs.io/en/develop/", None),
+    "scancode-workbench": (
+        "https://scancode-workbench.readthedocs.io/en/develop/",
+        None,
+    ),
 }
 
 
@@ -78,7 +85,9 @@
     "conf_py_path": "/docs/source/",  # path in the checkout to the docs root
 }
 
-html_css_files = ["_static/theme_overrides.css"]
+html_css_files = [
+    "theme_overrides.css",
+]
 
 
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
@@ -104,6 +113,4 @@
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output -------------------------------------------------
 
-latex_elements = {
-    'classoptions': ',openany,oneside'
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+latex_elements = {"classoptions": ",openany,oneside"}
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 8bb877e6..614979dd 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ zip_safe = false
 
 setup_requires = setuptools_scm[toml] >= 4
 
-python_requires = >=3.7
+python_requires = >=3.8
 
 install_requires =
     attrs
@@ -84,4 +84,7 @@ docs =
     sphinx-rtd-theme>=1.0.0
     sphinx-reredirects >= 0.1.2
     doc8>=0.11.2
+    sphinx-autobuild
+    sphinx-rtd-dark-mode>=1.3.0
+    sphinx-copybutton
 
diff --git a/src/univers/version_constraint.py b/src/univers/version_constraint.py
index 17a3ebde..a96e667a 100644
--- a/src/univers/version_constraint.py
+++ b/src/univers/version_constraint.py
@@ -510,6 +510,10 @@ def contains_version(version, constraints):
     if not constraints:
         return False
 
+    # If we end up with constraints list contains only one item.
+    if len(constraints) == 1:
+        return version in constraints[0]
+
     # Iterate over the current and next contiguous constraints pairs (aka. pairwise)
     # in the second list.
     # For each current and next constraint:
diff --git a/src/univers/version_range.py b/src/univers/version_range.py
index c62d5b21..422d2196 100644
--- a/src/univers/version_range.py
+++ b/src/univers/version_range.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #
 # Visit https://aboutcode.org and https://github.com/nexB/univers for support and download.
 
+from typing import List
+from typing import Union
+
 import attr
 import semantic_version
 from packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier
@@ -232,6 +235,37 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
             and self.constraints == other.constraints
         )
 
+    def normalize(self, known_versions: List[str]):
+        """
+        Return a new VersionRange normalized and simplified using the universe of
+        ``known_versions`` list of version strings.
+        """
+        versions = sorted([self.version_class(i) for i in known_versions])
+
+        resolved = []
+        contiguous = []
+        for kv in versions:
+            if self.__contains__(kv):
+                contiguous.append(kv)
+            elif contiguous:
+                resolved.append(contiguous)
+                contiguous = []
+
+        if contiguous:
+            resolved.append(contiguous)
+
+        version_constraints = []
+        for contiguous_segment in resolved:
+            lower_bound = contiguous_segment[0]
+            upper_bound = contiguous_segment[-1]
+            if lower_bound == upper_bound:
+                version_constraints.append(VersionConstraint(version=lower_bound))
+            else:
+                version_constraints.append(VersionConstraint(comparator=">=", version=lower_bound))
+                version_constraints.append(VersionConstraint(comparator="<=", version=upper_bound))
+
+        return self.__class__(constraints=version_constraints)
+
 
 def from_cve_v4(data, scheme):
     """
@@ -769,7 +803,8 @@ def from_native(cls, string):
                     comparator = ">"
                 constraints.append(
                     VersionConstraint(
-                        comparator=comparator, version=cls.version_class(str(lower_bound))
+                        comparator=comparator,
+                        version=cls.version_class(str(lower_bound)),
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -780,7 +815,8 @@ def from_native(cls, string):
                     comparator = "<"
                 constraints.append(
                     VersionConstraint(
-                        comparator=comparator, version=cls.version_class(str(upper_bound))
+                        comparator=comparator,
+                        version=cls.version_class(str(upper_bound)),
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -1142,19 +1178,31 @@ class MattermostVersionRange(VersionRange):
 
 
 def from_gitlab_native(gitlab_scheme, string):
-    purl_scheme = PURL_TYPE_BY_GITLAB_SCHEME[gitlab_scheme]
+    purl_scheme = gitlab_scheme
+    if gitlab_scheme not in PURL_TYPE_BY_GITLAB_SCHEME.values():
+        purl_scheme = PURL_TYPE_BY_GITLAB_SCHEME[gitlab_scheme]
+
     vrc = RANGE_CLASS_BY_SCHEMES[purl_scheme]
     supported_native_implementations = [
         ConanVersionRange,
+        MavenVersionRange,
+        NugetVersionRange,
     ]
     if vrc in supported_native_implementations:
         return vrc.from_native(string)
     constraint_items = []
     constraints = []
+
     split = " "
-    split_by_comma_schemes = ["pypi", "composer"]
-    if purl_scheme in split_by_comma_schemes:
+    if purl_scheme == "pypi":
+        split = ","
+
+    # GitLab advisory for composer uses both `,` and space for separating constraints.
+    # https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/-/blob/8ba4872b659cf5a306e0d47abdd0e428948bf41c/packagist/illuminate/cookie/GHSA-2867-6rrm-38gr.yml
+    # https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/-/blob/8ba4872b659cf5a306e0d47abdd0e428948bf41c/packagist/contao-components/mediaelement/CVE-2016-4567.yml
+    if purl_scheme == "composer" and "," in string:
         split = ","
+
     pipe_separated_constraints = string.split("||")
     for pipe_separated_constraint in pipe_separated_constraints:
         space_seperated_constraints = pipe_separated_constraint.split(split)
@@ -1220,7 +1268,7 @@ def build_constraint_from_github_advisory_string(scheme: str, string: str):
     return VersionConstraint(comparator=comparator, version=version)
 
 
-def build_range_from_github_advisory_constraint(scheme: str, string: str):
+def build_range_from_github_advisory_constraint(scheme: str, string: Union[str, List]):
     """
     Github has a special syntax for version ranges.
     For example:
@@ -1229,7 +1277,7 @@ def build_range_from_github_advisory_constraint(scheme: str, string: str):
     Github native version range looks like:
     ``>= 1.0.0, < 1.0.1``
 
-    Return a VersionRange built from a ``string`` single github-native
+    Return a VersionRange built from a ``string`` single or multiple github-native
     version relationship string.
 
     For example::
@@ -1243,14 +1291,112 @@ def build_range_from_github_advisory_constraint(scheme: str, string: str):
     >>> vr = build_range_from_github_advisory_constraint("pypi","= 9.0")
     >>> assert str(vr) == "vers:pypi/9.0"
     """
-    constraint_strings = string.split(",")
+    if isinstance(string, str):
+        string = [string]
+
     constraints = []
     vrc = RANGE_CLASS_BY_SCHEMES[scheme]
-    for constraint in constraint_strings:
-        constraints.append(build_constraint_from_github_advisory_string(scheme, constraint))
+    for item in string:
+        constraint_strings = item.split(",")
+
+        for constraint in constraint_strings:
+            constraints.append(build_constraint_from_github_advisory_string(scheme, constraint))
     return vrc(constraints=constraints)
 
 
+vers_by_snyk_native_comparators = {
+    "==": "=",
+    "=": "=",
+    "!=": "!=",
+    "<=": "<=",
+    ">=": ">=",
+    "<": "<",
+    ">": ">",
+}
+
+
+def split_req_bracket_notation(string):
+    """
+    Return a tuple of (vers comparator, version) strings given an bracket notation
+    version requirement ``string`` such as "(2.3" or "3.9]"
+
+    For example::
+
+    >>> assert split_req_bracket_notation(" 2.3 ]") == ("<=", "2.3")
+    >>> assert split_req_bracket_notation("( 3.9") == (">", "3.9")
+    """
+    comparators_front = {"(": ">", "[": ">="}
+    comparators_rear = {")": "<", "]": "<="}
+
+    constraint_string = remove_spaces(string).strip()
+
+    for native_comparator, vers_comparator in comparators_front.items():
+        if constraint_string.startswith(native_comparator):
+            version = constraint_string.lstrip(native_comparator)
+            return vers_comparator, version
+
+    for native_comparator, vers_comparator in comparators_rear.items():
+        if constraint_string.endswith(native_comparator):
+            version = constraint_string.rstrip(native_comparator)
+            return vers_comparator, version
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Unknown comparator in version requirement: {string!r} ")
+
+
+def build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string(scheme: str, string: Union[str, List]):
+    """
+    Return a VersionRange built from a ``string`` single or multiple snyk
+    version relationship string.
+    Snyk version range looks like:
+        ">=4.0.0, <4.0.10.16"
+        ">=4.1.0 <4.4.15.7"
+        "[3.0.0,3.1.25)"
+        "(,9.21]"
+        "[1.4.5,)"
+
+    For example::
+
+    >>> vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("pypi", ">=4.0.0, <4.0.10")
+    >>> assert str(vr) == "vers:pypi/>=4.0.0|<4.0.10"
+    >>> vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("golang", ">=9.6.0-rc1 <9.8.1-rc1")
+    >>> assert str(vr) == "vers:golang/>=9.6.0-rc1|<9.8.1-rc1"
+    >>> vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("pypi", "(,9.21]")
+    >>> assert str(vr) == "vers:pypi/<=9.21"
+    """
+    version_constraints = []
+    vrc = RANGE_CLASS_BY_SCHEMES[scheme]
+
+    if isinstance(string, str):
+        string = [string]
+
+    for item in string:
+        delimiter = "," if "," in item else " "
+        if delimiter == ",":
+            snyk_constraints = item.strip().replace(" ", "")
+            constraints = snyk_constraints.split(",")
+        else:
+            snyk_constraints = item.strip()
+            constraints = snyk_constraints.split(" ")
+
+        for constraint in constraints:
+            if any(comp in constraint for comp in "[]()"):
+                comparator, version = split_req_bracket_notation(string=constraint)
+            else:
+                comparator, version = split_req(
+                    string=constraint,
+                    comparators=vers_by_snyk_native_comparators,
+                )
+            if comparator and version:
+                version = vrc.version_class(version)
+                version_constraints.append(
+                    VersionConstraint(
+                        comparator=comparator,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                )
+    return vrc(constraints=version_constraints)
+
+
 RANGE_CLASS_BY_SCHEMES = {
     "npm": NpmVersionRange,
     "deb": DebianVersionRange,
diff --git a/tests/data/composer_gitlab.json b/tests/data/composer_gitlab.json
index 61c5dbca..60fe38a2 100644
--- a/tests/data/composer_gitlab.json
+++ b/tests/data/composer_gitlab.json
@@ -7533,7 +7533,7 @@
     "test_index": 1256,
     "scheme": "packagist",
     "gitlab_native": "<=3.8.0||>=4.0.0-alpha <=4.0.0-rc2",
-    "expected_vers": "vers:composer/<=3.8.0|>=4.0.0-alpha--4.0.0-rc2"
+    "expected_vers": "vers:composer/<=3.8.0|>=4.0.0-alpha|<=4.0.0-rc2"
   },
   {
     "test_index": 1257,
diff --git a/tests/test_codestyle.py b/tests/test_codestyle.py
index d63b20ee..c0fbd5e0 100644
--- a/tests/test_codestyle.py
+++ b/tests/test_codestyle.py
@@ -5,14 +5,18 @@
 # Visit https://aboutcode.org and https://github.com/nexB/univers for support and download.
 
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
 
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "darwin", reason="Test does not run on macOS13 and older.")
 class BaseTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_codestyle(self):
         args = "black --check -l 100 setup.py src tests"
         try:
-            subprocess.check_output(args.split())
+            subprocess.check_output(args.split(), shell=False)
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
             print("===========================================================")
             print(e.output)
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ def test_codestyle(self):
 
         args = "isort --check-only src tests setup.py"
         try:
-            subprocess.check_output(args.split())
+            subprocess.check_output(args.split(), shell=False)
         except Exception as e:
             print("===========================================================")
             print(e.output)
diff --git a/tests/test_version_range.py b/tests/test_version_range.py
index c92de0b7..8361467c 100644
--- a/tests/test_version_range.py
+++ b/tests/test_version_range.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from univers.version_range import OpensslVersionRange
 from univers.version_range import PypiVersionRange
 from univers.version_range import VersionRange
+from univers.version_range import build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string
 from univers.version_range import from_gitlab_native
 from univers.versions import InvalidVersion
 from univers.versions import NugetVersion
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def test_VersionRange_to_string(self):
         assert str(version_range) == "vers:pypi/>=0.0.0|0.0.1|0.0.2|0.0.3|0.0.4|0.0.5|0.0.6"
 
     def test_VersionRange_pypi_does_not_contain_basic(self):
-        vers = "vers:pypi/0.0.2|0.0.6|>=0.0.0|0.0.1|0.0.4|0.0.5|0.0.3"
+        vers = "vers:pypi/0.0.2|0.0.6|>=3.0.0|0.0.1|0.0.4|0.0.5|0.0.3"
         version_range = VersionRange.from_string(vers)
         assert not version_range.contains(PypiVersion("2.0.3"))
 
@@ -85,6 +86,11 @@ def test_VersionRange_contains_version_in_between(self):
         version_range = VersionRange.from_string(vers)
         assert version_range.contains(PypiVersion("1.5"))
 
+    def test_VersionRange_contains_filterd_constraint_edge_case(self):
+        vers = "vers:pypi/<=1.3.0|3.0.0"
+        version_range = VersionRange.from_string(vers)
+        assert version_range.contains(PypiVersion("1.0.0"))
+
     def test_VersionRange_from_string_pypi(self):
         vers = "vers:pypi/0.0.2|0.0.6|0.0.0|0.0.1|0.0.4|0.0.5|0.0.3"
         version_range = VersionRange.from_string(vers)
@@ -489,3 +495,54 @@ def test_mattermost_version_range():
             VersionConstraint(comparator=">=", version=SemverVersion("5.0")),
         ]
     ) == VersionRange.from_string("vers:mattermost/>=5.0")
+
+
+def test_build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string():
+    expression = [">=4.0.0, <4.0.10", ">7.0.0, <8.0.1"]
+    vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("pypi", expression)
+    expected = "vers:pypi/>=4.0.0|<4.0.10|>7.0.0|<8.0.1"
+
+    assert str(vr) == expected
+
+
+def test_build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string_bracket():
+    expression = ["[3.0.0,3.1.25)", "[1.0.0,1.0.5)"]
+    vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("nuget", expression)
+    expected = "vers:nuget/>=1.0.0|<1.0.5|>=3.0.0|<3.1.25"
+
+    assert str(vr) == expected
+
+
+def test_build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string_spaced():
+    expression = [">=4.1.0 <4.4.1", ">2.1.0 <=3.2.7"]
+    vr = build_range_from_snyk_advisory_string("composer", expression)
+    expected = "vers:composer/>2.1.0|<=3.2.7|>=4.1.0|<4.4.1"
+
+    assert str(vr) == expected
+
+
+def test_version_range_normalize_case1():
+    known_versions = ["4.0.0", "3.0.0", "1.0.0", "2.0.0", "1.3.0", "1.1.0", "1.2.0"]
+
+    vr = VersionRange.from_string("vers:pypi/<=1.1.0|>=1.2.0|<=1.3.0|3.0.0")
+    nvr = vr.normalize(known_versions=known_versions)
+
+    assert str(nvr) == "vers:pypi/>=1.0.0|<=1.3.0|3.0.0"
+
+
+def test_version_range_normalize_case2():
+    known_versions = ["4.0.0", "3.0.0", "1.0.0", "2.0.0", "1.3.0", "1.1.0", "1.2.0"]
+
+    vr = VersionRange.from_string("vers:pypi/<=1.3.0|3.0.0")
+    nvr = vr.normalize(known_versions=known_versions)
+
+    assert str(nvr) == "vers:pypi/>=1.0.0|<=1.3.0|3.0.0"
+
+
+def test_version_range_normalize_case3():
+    known_versions = ["4.0.0", "3.0.0", "1.0.0", "2.0.0", "1.3.0", "1.1.0", "1.2.0"]
+
+    vr = VersionRange.from_string("vers:pypi/<2.0.0|3.0.0")
+    nvr = vr.normalize(known_versions=known_versions)
+
+    assert str(nvr) == "vers:pypi/>=1.0.0|<=1.3.0|3.0.0"