Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2018-8171: ASP.NET Core Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

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Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2018-8171: ASP.NET Core Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Executive summary

Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in ASP.NET Core. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.

Microsoft is aware of a security feature bypass in ASP.NET Core when the number of incorrect login attempts is not validated. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could try an infinite number of authentication attempts.

The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how ASP.NET Core validates the number of incorrect login attempts.

Discussion

Discussion for this issue can be found at aspnet/Identity#1870

Mitigation factors

• If your application does not use ASP.NET Core's implementation of multi-factor authentication you are not affected.

Affected software

Any ASP.NET Core based application that uses Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity with a vulnerable version listed below.

Package name	Vulnerable versions	Secure versions
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity	1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, 1.0.4, 1.0.5 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3 2.1.0, 2.1.1	1.0.6 1.1.6 2.0.4 2.1.2

Advisory FAQ

How do I know if I am affected?

.NET Core has two types of dependencies: direct and transitive. Direct dependencies are dependencies where you specifically add a package to your project, transitive dependencies occur when you add a package to your project that in turn relies on another package.

For example, the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc package depends on the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core package. When you add a dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc in your project, you're taking a transitive dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core.

Any application that has a direct or transitive dependency on the affected package can be exposed to the vulnerability if it does not meet any of the mitigation factors.

How do I fix the issue?

ASP.NET Core 2.1

To update ASP.NET Core 2.1 you should download and install the .NET Core SDK 2.1.302 on your development machines and build servers, and the .NET Core Runtime 2.1.2 on your deployment servers. Your application will roll forward to these versions on an application restart.

ASP.NET Core 2.0

If you're targeting ASP.NET Core 2.0 and using the Microsoft.AspNetCore.All metapackage update its version number to 2.0.9 to update the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity package, recompile, and redeploy. On your deployment servers, you should download and install the .NET Core 2.0.9 using the Windows Server Hosting Bundle for Windows and the dotnet-hosting-2.0.9 package for Linux servers.

ASP.NET Core 1.0, 1.1 or 2.0 not targeting the metapackage.

.NET Core projects have two types of dependencies: direct and transitive. You must update your projects using the following instructions to address both types of dependency.

.NET Core Project formats

.NET Core has two different project file formats, depending on what software created the project.

1. project.json is the format used in .NET Core 1.0 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.
2. csproj is the format used in .NET Core 1.1, .NET Core 2.0 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2017.

Direct dependencies

Direct dependencies are discoverable by examining your csproj file or your project.json file. They can be fixed by editing the project file or using NuGet to update the dependency.

Transitive dependencies

Transitive dependencies occur when you add a package to your project that in turn relies on another package. For example, if Contoso publishes a package Contoso.Utility which, in turn, depends on Contoso.Internals and you add the Contoso.Utility package to your project now your project has a direct dependency on Contoso.Utility and, because Contoso.Utility depends 'Contoso.Internals', your application gains a transitive dependency on the Contoso.Internals package.

Transitive dependencies are reviewable in three ways, depending on your project format:

• In the Visual Studio Solution Explorer window, which supports searching.
• By examining the project.assets.json file contained in the obj directory of your project for csproj based projects OR.
• By examining the project.lock.json file contained in the root directory of your project for project.json based projects.

The project.assets.json and project.lock.json files are the authoritative list of all packages used by your project, containing both direct and transitive dependencies.

Fixing direct dependencies in a csproj based project / Visual Studio 2017

Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project. Look for PackageReference elements. The following shows an example project file:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity" Version="2.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

The preceding example has a reference to the vulnerable package, as seen by the single PackageReference element. The name of the package is in the Include attribute.
The package version number is in the Version attribute. The previous example shows a single direct dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity version 2.0.0.

To update the version to the secure package, change the version number to the updated package version as listed on the table previously.
In this example, update Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity to the appropriate fixed package number for your major version. Save the csproj file. The example csproj now looks as follows:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity" Version="2.0.4" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

If you're using Visual Studio and you save your updated csproj file, Visual Studio will restore the new package version.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.

If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore the updated dependencies.

Now recompile your application. If after recompilation you see a Dependency conflict warning, you must update your other direct dependencies to versions that take a dependency on the updated package.

Fixing Direct Dependencies in project.json based project / Visual Studio 2015

Open your project.json file in your editor. Look for the dependencies section. Below is an example dependencies section:

    "dependencies": {
      "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
        "version": "1.0.1",
        "type": "platform"
      },
     "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core": "1.0.6",
     "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity" : "1.0.5"
    }

This example has three direct dependencies: Microsoft.NETCore.App, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core and Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.

Microsoft.NetCore.App is the platform the application targets, you should ignore this. The other packages expose their version to the right of the package name. In our example, our non-platform packages are version 1.0.1.

Review your direct dependencies for any instance of the packages and versions listed above. In the example above, there is a direct dependency on a vulnerable package, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity version 1.0.5.

To update to the fixed package, change the version number to be the appropriate package for your release. In the example, this would be updating Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity to 1.0.6.

After updating the vulnerable package versions, save your project.json file.

The dependencies section in our example project.json would now look as follows:

  "dependencies": {
    "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
      "version": "1.0.1",
      "type": "platform"
    },
    "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core": "1.0.6",
    "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity ": "1.0.6"
  }

If you are using Visual Studio and save your updated project.json file, Visual Studio will restore the new package version. You can see the restore results by opening the Output Window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.

If you are not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore your new dependency.

After you have addressed all of your direct dependencies, you must also review your transitive dependencies.

After you've addressed all of your direct dependencies, you must review your transitive dependencies.

Discovering and fixing transitive dependencies

There are two ways to view transitive dependencies. You can either use Visual Studio’s Solution Explorer, or you can review the project.assets.json file or the the project.lock.json file.

Using Visual Studio Solution Explorer

To use Solution Explorer, open the project in Visual Studio, and then press Ctrl+; to activate the search in Solution Explorer. Search for the vulnerable package and make a note of the version numbers of any results you find.

For example, searching for Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core in an example project that contains a package that takes a dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc shows the following results in Visual Studio 2017:

The search results appear as a tree. In the previous results, you can see that a reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core version 1.1.2 is discovered.

Under the Dependencies node is a NuGet node. Under the NuGet node is the list of packages you have directly taken a dependency on and their versions.
In screenshot, the application takes a direct dependency on Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc in turn has leaf nodes that list its dependencies and their versions.
The Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc package takes a dependency on a version of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer, that in turn takes a dependency on a version of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core.

Manually reviewing project.assets.json (csproj/VS2017)

Open the project.assets.json file from your project’s obj directory in your editor. We suggest you use an editor that understands JSON and allows you to collapse and expand nodes to review this file.
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code provide JSON friendly editing.

Search the project.assets.json file for the vulnerable package, using the format packagename/ for each of the package names from the preceding table. If you find the assembly name in your search:

• Examine the line on which they are found, the version number is after the /.
• Compare to the vulnerable versions table.

For example, a search result that shows Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity/2.0.0 is a reference to version 2.0.0 of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.
If your project.assets.json file includes references to the vulnerable package, then you need to fix the transitive dependencies.

If you have not found any reference to any vulnerable packages, this means either

• None of your direct dependencies depend on any vulnerable packages, or
• You have already fixed the problem by updating the direct dependencies.

If your transitive dependency review found references to the vulnerable package, you must add a direct dependency to the updated package to your csproj file to override the transitive dependency.

Open projectname.csproj in your editor. If you're using Visual Studio, right-click the project and choose Edit projectname.csproj from the context menu, where projectname is the name of your project.
Look for PackageReference nodes, for example:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net461</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="ThirdParty.NotUpdatedYet" Version="2.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

You must add a direct dependency to the updated version of the vulnerable package by adding it to the csproj file.
You do this by adding a new line to the dependencies section, referencing the fixed version.
For example, if your search showed a transitive reference to a vulnerable Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity version, you'd add a reference to the fixed package number.

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net461</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity" Version="2.0.4" />
    <PackageReference Include="ThirdParty.NotUpdatedYet" Version="2.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

After you've added the direct dependency reference, save your csproj file.

If you're using Visual Studio, save your updated csproj file and Visual Studio will restore the new package versions.
You can see the restore results by opening the Output window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.

If you're not using Visual Studio, open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore the new dependencies.

Manually reviewing project.lock.json (project.json/VS2015)

Open the project.lock.json file in your editor. We suggest you use an editor that understands json and allows you to collapse and expand nodes to review this file; both Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code provide this functionality.

If you are using Visual Studio the project.lock.json file is “under” the project.json file. Click the right pointing triangle, ▷, to the left of the project.json file to expand the solution tree to expose the project.lock.json file. The following image shows a project with the project.json file expanded to show the project.lock.json file.

Search the project.lock.json file for the vulnerable packages, using the format packagename/, using each of the package names from the table above. If you find any vulnerable assembly name in your search examine the line on which they are found, the version number is after the / and compare to the vulnerable versions table above. For example a search result that shows Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity/1.0.1 is a reference to v1.0.1 of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity. If your project.lock.json file includes references to any of the package versions shown above then you will need to fix the transitive dependencies.

If you have not found any reference to a vulnerable version of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity this means none of your direct dependencies depend on any vulnerable packages or you have already fixed the problem by updating the direct dependencies.

If your transitive dependency review found references to any of the vulnerable packages you must add a direct dependency to the updated package to your project.json file to override the transitive dependency. Open your project.json and find the dependencies section. For example:

  "dependencies": {
    "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
      "version": "1.0.1",
      "type": "platform"
    },
    "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc": "1.0.0"
  }

For each of the vulnerable packages your search returned you must add a direct dependency to the updated version by adding it to the project.json file. You do this by adding a new line to the dependencies section, referring the fixed version. For example, if your search showed a transitive reference to the vulnerable Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity version 1.0.0 you would add a reference to the appropriate fixed version, 1.0.6. Edit the project.json file as follows:

  "dependencies": {
    "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
      "version": "1.0.1",
      "type": "platform"
    },
    "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity": "1.0.6",
    "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc": "1.0.0"
  }

After you have added direct dependencies to the fixed packages, save your project.json file.

If you are using Visual Studio save your updated project.json file and Visual Studio will restore the new package versions. You can see the restore results by opening the Output Window (Ctrl+Alt+O) and changing the Show output from drop-down list to Package Manager.

If you are not using Visual Studio open a command line and change to your project directory. Execute the dotnet restore command to restore your new dependencies.

Rebuilding your application

Finally you must rebuild your application, test, and redeploy.

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

If you have found a potential security issue in .NET Core, please email details to [email protected]. Reports may qualify for the .NET Core Bug Bounty. Details of the .NET Core Bug Bounty including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.

Support

You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET Core or ASP.NET Core organizations. These are located at https://github.com/dotnet/ and https://github.com/aspnet/. The Announcements repo for each product (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements and https://github.com/aspnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the discussion issue.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.

Acknowledgments

Martin Knafve

External Links

CVE-2018-8171

Revisions

V1.0 (July 10, 2018): Advisory published.

Version 1.0

Last Updated 2018-07-10