diff --git a/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.spec.ts b/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.spec.ts
index c5f481794ce..4a4d199d737 100644
--- a/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.spec.ts
+++ b/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.spec.ts
@@ -440,88 +440,171 @@ describe('MutationUtils', () => {
         ];
 
         it('match chorosome X and Y to 23 and 24', () => {
-            assert.equal("23,47836189,47836189,C,T", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[0]));
-            assert.equal("24,24089764,24089764,T,G", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[1]));
-            assert.equal("23,153694368,153694368,C,T", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[2]));
-            assert.equal("24,152057792,152057792,C,G", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[3]));
+            assert.equal("23,47836189,47836189,C,G", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[0]), "should ocnver X to 23");
+            assert.equal("24,24089764,24089764,T,G", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[1]), "should ocnver Y to 24");
+            assert.equal("23,153694368,153694368,C,T", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[2]), "should ocnver x to 23");
+            assert.equal("24,152057792,152057792,C,G", genomicLocationString(genomicLocation[3]), "should ocnver y to 24");
         });
     });
 
     describe('generate Hgvsg by mutation', () => {
 
-        const mutations:Partial<Mutation>[] = [
-            {
-                // snp
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: 7577121,
-                endPosition: 7577121,
-                referenceAllele: "G",
-                variantAllele: "A"
-            },
-            {
-                // ins
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: 7579590,
-                endPosition: 7579591,
-                referenceAllele: "-",
-                variantAllele: "CT"
-            },
-            {
-                // del
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: 7574030,
-                endPosition: 7574030,
-                referenceAllele: "G",
-                variantAllele: "-"
-            },
-            {
-                // delins
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: 7578205,
-                endPosition: 7578207,
-                referenceAllele: "CTA",
-                variantAllele: "TTT"
-            },
-            {
-                // chromosome is X
-                chr: "X",
-                startPosition: 47836189,
-                endPosition: 47836189,
-                referenceAllele: "C",
-                variantAllele: "G"
-            },
-            {
-                // invalid allele
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: 7574030,
-                endPosition: 7574030,
-                referenceAllele: "NA",
-                variantAllele: "G"
-            },
-            {
-                // invalid position
-                chr: "17",
-                startPosition: -1,
-                endPosition: -1,
-                referenceAllele: "G",
-                variantAllele: "C"
-            }
-        ]
-
         it('has valid genomic location', () => {
-            assert.equal(true, isValidGenomicLocation(mutations[0]));
-            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(mutations[5]));
-            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(mutations[6]));
+            const validateMutations: Partial<Mutation>[] = [
+                {
+                    // valid
+                    chr: "X",
+                    startPosition: 47836189,
+                    endPosition: 47836189,
+                    referenceAllele: "C",
+                    variantAllele: "G"
+                },
+                {
+                    // invalid allele, referenceAllele = "NA"
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7574030,
+                    endPosition: 7574030,
+                    referenceAllele: "NA",
+                    variantAllele: "G"
+                },
+                {
+                    // invalid allele, both referenceAllele and variantAllele are "-"
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7577498,
+                    endPosition: 7577498,
+                    referenceAllele: "-",
+                    variantAllele: "-"
+                },
+                {
+                    // invalid allele, referenceAllele is empty
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7577498,
+                    endPosition: 7577498,
+                    referenceAllele: "",
+                    variantAllele: "-"
+                },
+                {
+                    // invalid position, startPosition is -1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: -1,
+                    endPosition: 7664673,
+                    referenceAllele: "G",
+                    variantAllele: "C"
+                },
+                {
+                    // invalid, missing chr
+                    chr: "",
+                    startPosition: 7577594,
+                    endPosition: 7577595,
+                    referenceAllele: "AC",
+                    variantAllele: "-"
+                }
+            ];
+
+            assert.equal(true, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[0]),
+                            "should be valid genomic location");
+            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[1]),
+                            "should be invalid allele, referenceAllele = NA");
+            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[2]),
+                            "should be invalid allele, both referenceAllele and variantAllele are -");
+            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[3]),
+                            "should be invalid allele, referenceAllele is empty");
+            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[4]),
+                            "should be invalid position, startPosition is -1");
+            assert.equal(false, isValidGenomicLocation(validateMutations[5]),
+                            "should be invalid, missing chr");
+
+        });
+
+        it('generate substitution hgvsg', () => {
+            const substitutionMutation: Partial<Mutation>[] = [
+                {
+                    // substitution
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7577121,
+                    endPosition: 7577121,
+                    referenceAllele: "G",
+                    variantAllele: "A"
+                }
+            ];
+
+            assert.equal("17:g.7577121G>A", generateHgvsgByMutation(substitutionMutation[0]), "the hgvsg should be 17:g.7577121G>A");
+        });
+
+        it('generate insertion hgvsg', () => {
+            const insertionMutations: Partial<Mutation>[] = [
+                {
+                    // ins, length of variantAllele > 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7579590,
+                    endPosition: 7579591,
+                    referenceAllele: "-",
+                    variantAllele: "CT"
+                },
+                {
+                    // ins, length of variantAllele = 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 3637855,
+                    endPosition: 3637856,
+                    referenceAllele: "-",
+                    variantAllele: "C"
+                }];
+
+            assert.equal("17:g.7579590_7579591insCT", generateHgvsgByMutation(insertionMutations[0]),
+                            "should be insertion 17:g.7579590_7579591insCT: (chr):g.(start)_(end)ins(var)");
+            assert.equal("17:g.3637855_3637856insC", generateHgvsgByMutation(insertionMutations[1]),
+                            "should be insertion 17:g.3637855_3637856insC: (chr):g.(start)_(end)ins(var)");
+
+        });
+        
+        it('generate deletion hgvsg', () => {
+            const deletionMutations: Partial<Mutation>[] = [
+                {
+                    // del, length of referenceAllele = 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7574030,
+                    endPosition: 7574030,
+                    referenceAllele: "G",
+                    variantAllele: "-"
+                },
+                {
+                    // del, length of referenceAllele > 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7577594,
+                    endPosition: 7577595,
+                    referenceAllele: "AC",
+                    variantAllele: "-"
+                }];
+
+            assert.equal("17:g.7574030del", generateHgvsgByMutation(deletionMutations[0]),
+                            "should be deletion 17:g.7574030del: (chr):g.(start)del");
+            assert.equal("17:g.7577594_7577595del", generateHgvsgByMutation(deletionMutations[1]),
+                            "should be deletion 17:g.7577594_7577595del: (chr):g.(start)_(end)del");
         });
 
-        it('generate hgvsg', () => {
-            assert.equal("17:g.7577121G>A", generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[0]));
-            assert.equal("17:g.7579590_7579591insCT", generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[1]));
-            assert.equal("17:g.7574030_7574030del", generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[2]));
-            assert.equal("17:g.7578205_7578205delinsTTT", generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[3]));
-            assert.equal("23:g.47836189C>G", generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[4]));
-            assert.equal(null, generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[5]));
-            assert.equal(null, generateHgvsgByMutation(mutations[6]));
+        it('generate delins hgvsg', () => {
+            const delinsMutations: Partial<Mutation>[] = [
+                {
+                    // delins, length of variantAllele = 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7573443,
+                    endPosition: 7573443,
+                    referenceAllele: "C",
+                    variantAllele: "TGG"
+                },
+                {
+                    // delins, length of variantAllele > 1
+                    chr: "17",
+                    startPosition: 7578205,
+                    endPosition: 7578207,
+                    referenceAllele: "CTA",
+                    variantAllele: "TTT"
+                }];
+
+            assert.equal("17:g.7573443delinsTGG", generateHgvsgByMutation(delinsMutations[0]),
+                            "should be delins 17:g.7573443delinsTGG: (chr):g.(start)delins(var)");
+            assert.equal("17:g.7578205_7578207delinsTTT", generateHgvsgByMutation(delinsMutations[1]),
+                            "should be delins 17:g.7578205_7578207delinsTTT: (chr):g.(start)_(end)delins(var)");
         });
     });
 });
diff --git a/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.ts b/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.ts
index ed33964a236..af56eae7a5e 100644
--- a/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.ts
+++ b/src/shared/lib/MutationUtils.ts
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ export function extractGenomicLocation(mutation: Mutation)
 export function genomicLocationString(genomicLocation: GenomicLocation)
 {
     // mapping chromosome X with 23
-    let chromosome = genomicLocation.chromosome.toUpperCase();
-    switch(genomicLocation.chromosome) {
+    let chromosome = genomicLocation.chromosome;
+    switch(genomicLocation.chromosome.toUpperCase()) {
         case "X":
             chromosome = "23";
             break;
@@ -271,17 +271,24 @@ export function generateHgvsgByMutation(mutation: Partial<Mutation>): string | n
         }
         // del (in new format that no ref after del, may differ with genome nexus hgvsg response)
         else if (mutation.variantAllele === "-") {
+            if (mutation.startPosition === mutation.endPosition) {
+                return `${mutation.chr}:g.${mutation.startPosition}del`;
+            }
             return `${mutation.chr}:g.${mutation.startPosition}_${mutation.endPosition}del`;
         }
         // substitution
-        else if (mutation.referenceAllele!.length === 1 &&  mutation.variantAllele!.length === 1) {
+        else if (mutation.referenceAllele!.length === 1 && mutation.variantAllele!.length === 1) {
             return `${mutation.chr}:g.${mutation.startPosition}${mutation.referenceAllele}>${mutation.variantAllele}`;
         }
         // delins (in new format that no ref after del, may differ with genome nexus hgvsg response)
-        // for cases (mutation.referenceAllele.length > 1 &&  mutation.variantAllele.length > 1) 
-        else {
+        else if (mutation.referenceAllele!.length === 1 && mutation.variantAllele!.length > 1) {
             return `${mutation.chr}:g.${mutation.startPosition}delins${mutation.variantAllele}`;
         }
+        // delins (in new format that no ref after del, may differ with genome nexus hgvsg response)
+        // for cases mutation.referenceAllele.length > 1 && mutation.variantAllele.length >= 1
+        else {
+            return `${mutation.chr}:g.${mutation.startPosition}_${mutation.endPosition}delins${mutation.variantAllele}`;
+        }
     }
 
     return null;
@@ -293,10 +300,12 @@ export function isValidGenomicLocation(mutation: Partial<Mutation>): boolean {
         && mutation.endPosition && mutation.endPosition !== -1
         && mutation.referenceAllele && mutation.referenceAllele !== "NA"
         && mutation.variantAllele && mutation.variantAllele !== "NA") {
-
-        return true;
-    }
-    else {
-        return false;
+            if (mutation.referenceAllele === "-" && mutation.variantAllele === "-") {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
     }
+    
+    return false;
+    
 }
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