diff --git a/.Rbuildignore b/.Rbuildignore
index 6f1bea5..ddca154 100644
--- a/.Rbuildignore
+++ b/.Rbuildignore
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 ^codecov\.yml$
 ^data-raw$
 ^\.vscode$
+^bin$
 ^.lintr$
 ^CHANGELOG\.md$
+^NOTES\.md$
 ^cran-comments\.md$
 ^CRAN-SUBMISSION$
diff --git a/.github/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml b/.github/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml
index 04a4415..a35e3cd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 on:
   push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+      - "bin/**"
     branches:
       - main
       - release/*
@@ -9,6 +14,11 @@ on:
       - develop
       - release/*
       - hotfix/*
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+      - "bin/**"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 name: R-CMD-check
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yaml b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yaml
index 1675310..5d2cbbc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+      - "bin/**"
   pull_request:
     branches: [main]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+      - "bin/**"
 
 name: test-coverage
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-non-interactive.yaml b/.github/workflows/test-non-interactive.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e9b7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-non-interactive.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - release/*
+      - hotfix/*
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - release/*
+      - hotfix/*
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "*.md"
+      - "*.Rmd"
+      - ".vscode/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+name: Test non-interactive
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.config.os }} (${{ matrix.config.r }})
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          - { os: macOS-latest, r: "release" }
+          - { os: windows-latest, r: "release" }
+          # - { os: windows-latest, r: "3.6" } the cli::rule dashes get messed up
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest, r: "devel", http-user-agent: "release" }
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest, r: "release" }
+          - { os: ubuntu-latest, r: "oldrel-1" }
+
+    env:
+      GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE: yes
+
+    steps:
+      # https://github.com/actions/checkout
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      # https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/setup-pandoc
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2
+
+      # https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/setup-r
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
+        with:
+          r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
+          http-user-agent: ${{ matrix.config.http-user-agent }}
+          use-public-rspm: true
+
+      # https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/setup-r-dependencies
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2
+        with:
+          extra-packages: any::devtools
+          needs: check
+
+      - name: Install the package
+        run: Rscript -e 'devtools::install()'
+
+      - name: Test loading in non-interactive mode (normal)
+        run: Rscript bin/load-non-interactive.r
+
+      - name: Test loading in non-interactive mode (quiet)
+        run: Rscript bin/load-non-interactive-quiet.r
+
+      - name: Test loading in non-interactive mode (quickstart)
+        run: Rscript bin/load-non-interactive-quickstart.r
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 11d486b..f0a1b87 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
 .Rhistory
 .RData
 .DS_Store
+NOTES.md
 README.html
 CRAN-SUBMISSION
diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 2a47b88..c4f8bb5 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Package: coursekata
 Title: Packages and Functions for 'CourseKata' Courses
-Version: 0.14.0
-Date: 2023-10-11
+Version: 0.14.1
+Date: 2023-10-26
 Authors@R: c(
     person("Adam", "Blake", , "adamblake@g.ucla.edu", role = c("cre", "aut"),
            comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0001-7881-8652")),
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ Imports:
     rlang (>= 1.0.2),
     supernova (>= 2.5.1),
     vctrs (>= 0.4.1),
-    viridisLite,
-    yesno (>= 0.1.2)
+    viridisLite
 Suggests:
     fivethirtyeight (>= 0.6.2),
     lubridate (>= 1.8.0),
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index e36dc1d..008826f 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # `coursekata` change log
 
+## coursekata 0.14.1
+
+- Reduce calls to `pak::pkg_status()` to improve startup time
+- Address issue where `require(lib.loc = ...)` was sometimes being passed `NA`
+- Appropriately skip actions that require the user when running in non-interactive mode (and add related tests)
+
 ## coursekata 0.14.0
 
 - Remove deprecated `gf_model_old()` function
diff --git a/R/coursekata_attach.R b/R/coursekata_attach.R
index 7b25948..8eb11be 100644
--- a/R/coursekata_attach.R
+++ b/R/coursekata_attach.R
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #' Attach the CourseKata course packages
 #'
+#' @param do_not_ask Prevent asking the user to install missing packages (they are skipped).
 #' @param quietly Whether to suppress messages.
 #'
 #' @return A named logical vector indicating which packages were attached.
@@ -7,9 +8,15 @@
 #' @export
 #' @examples
 #' coursekata_attach()
-coursekata_attach <- function(quietly = FALSE) {
-  to_attach <- coursekata_detached()
-  invisible(pkg_require(to_attach, quietly = quietly))
+coursekata_attach <- function(do_not_ask = FALSE, quietly = FALSE) {
+  !do_not_ask && pkg_check_installed(coursekata_pkgs)
+  detached <- coursekata_detached()
+  installed <- coursekata_pkgs[pkg_is_installed(coursekata_pkgs)]
+  attached <- pkg_require(detached[detached %in% installed], quietly = quietly)
+
+  result <- rep_named(detached, FALSE)
+  result[names(attached)] <- TRUE
+  invisible(result)
 }
 
 
@@ -23,7 +30,9 @@ coursekata_attach <- function(quietly = FALSE) {
 #'
 #' @noRd
 coursekata_attach_message <- function(pkgs) {
-  if (length(pkgs) == 0) return(NULL)
+  if (length(pkgs) == 0) {
+    return(NULL)
+  }
 
   info <- coursekata_packages()
   version <- ifelse(is.na(info$version), "", info$version)
@@ -42,3 +51,13 @@ coursekata_attach_message <- function(pkgs) {
     sep = "\n"
   )
 }
+
+
+#' List all currently NOT attached CourseKata course packages
+#'
+#' @return A character vector of the course packages that are not attached.
+#'
+#' @noRd
+coursekata_detached <- function() {
+  coursekata_pkgs[!pkg_is_attached(coursekata_pkgs)]
+}
diff --git a/R/coursekata_install.R b/R/coursekata_install.R
index cd23ae6..63d7917 100644
--- a/R/coursekata_install.R
+++ b/R/coursekata_install.R
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ coursekata_install <- function(...) {
   }
 
   cli::cat_line()
-  pkg_install(behind$package, ...)
+  pak::pkg_install(pkg_fix_remote_names(behind$package), ...)
   invisible(coursekata_packages(TRUE))
 }
 
diff --git a/R/coursekata_packages.R b/R/coursekata_packages.R
index 5080f37..b85bc38 100644
--- a/R/coursekata_packages.R
+++ b/R/coursekata_packages.R
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ coursekata_packages <- function(check_remote_version = FALSE) {
   statuses <- pak::pkg_status(pkgs)
   info <- data.frame(
     package = pkgs,
-    installed = pkg_is_installed(pkgs, statuses),
+    installed = pkg_is_installed(pkgs),
     attached = pkg_is_attached(pkgs),
     version = pkg_version(pkgs, statuses),
     stringsAsFactors = FALSE
@@ -34,23 +34,3 @@ coursekata_packages <- function(check_remote_version = FALSE) {
 
   info
 }
-
-
-#' List all currently attached CourseKata course packages
-#'
-#' @return A character vector of the course packages that have been attached.
-#'
-#' @noRd
-coursekata_attached <- function() {
-  coursekata_pkgs[pkg_is_attached(coursekata_pkgs)]
-}
-
-
-#' List all currently NOT attached CourseKata course packages
-#'
-#' @return A character vector of the course packages that are not attached.
-#'
-#' @noRd
-coursekata_detached <- function() {
-  coursekata_pkgs[!pkg_is_attached(coursekata_pkgs)]
-}
diff --git a/R/utils-pkg.R b/R/utils-pkg.R
index f754aad..87524e6 100644
--- a/R/utils-pkg.R
+++ b/R/utils-pkg.R
@@ -10,36 +10,15 @@ pkg_is_attached <- function(pkgs) {
 }
 
 
-#' Check if packages are installed
-#'
-#' Note: this function differs from [`rlang::is_installed()`] in two regards: it is quieter and will
-#' show no messages, and it returns a vector indicating which packages are installed or not (rather
-#' than a single Boolean value regarding the packages as a set).
+#' Check if packages are installed.
 #'
 #' @param pkgs Character vector of the names of the packages to check.
-#' @param statuses The output of [`pak::pkg_status()`] (computed if not supplied).
 #'
 #' @return Named logical vector indicating whether the packages are installed.
 #'
 #' @noRd
-pkg_is_installed <- function(pkgs, statuses = NULL) {
-  statuses <- if (is.null(statuses)) pak::pkg_status(pkgs) else statuses
-  checker <- function(pkg) pkg %in% statuses$package
-  vapply(pkgs, checker, logical(1))
-}
-
-
-#' Determine which libraries packages were loaded from
-#'
-#' @param pkgs A character vector of packages to check.
-#' @param statuses The output of [`pak::pkg_status()`] (computed if not supplied).
-#'
-#' @return A character vector of library directory paths the packages were loaded from, the default
-#'   location if the package is not loaded but is installed, or NA if the package is not installed.
-#'
-#' @noRd
-pkg_library_location <- function(pkgs, statuses = NULL) {
-  possibly_pkg_status(pkgs, "library", statuses = statuses)
+pkg_is_installed <- function(pkgs) {
+  vapply(pkgs, rlang::is_installed, logical(1))
 }
 
 
@@ -97,79 +76,55 @@ pkg_remote_version <- function(pkgs) {
 #' place it was already loaded from.
 #'
 #' @param pkgs A character vector of packages to load.
-#' @param do_not_ask Prevent asking the user to install missing packages (they are skipped).
 #' @param quietly Prevent package startup messages.
 #'
 #' @return A named logical indicating whether each package was loaded.
 #'
 #' @noRd
-pkg_require <- function(pkgs, do_not_ask = FALSE, quietly = TRUE) {
-  pkg_load <- if (quietly) {
-    function(pkg) {
-      suppressPackageStartupMessages(suppressWarnings(require(
-        pkg,
-        lib.loc = if (quickstart()) NULL else pkg_library_location(pkg),
-        character.only = TRUE,
-        warn.conflicts = FALSE,
-        quietly = TRUE
-      )))
-    }
-  } else {
-    function(pkg) {
-      require(
-        pkg,
-        lib.loc = if (quickstart()) NULL else pkg_library_location(pkg),
-        character.only = TRUE,
-      )
-    }
+pkg_require <- function(pkgs, quietly = TRUE) {
+  quiet_wrap <- function(fn) {
+    function(...) suppressPackageStartupMessages(suppressWarnings(fn(...)))
   }
 
-  vapply(pkgs, function(pkg) {
-    loaded <- pkg_load(pkg)
-    if (!loaded && !do_not_ask && ask_to_install(pkg)) {
-      pkg_install(pkg)
-      pkg_load(pkg)
-    } else {
-      loaded
-    }
-  }, logical(1))
+  pkg_load <- function(pkg) {
+    lib_loc <- if (pkg %in% loadedNamespaces()) dirname(getNamespaceInfo(pkg, "path")) else NULL
+    require(pkg, lib.loc = lib_loc, character.only = TRUE, quietly = quietly)
+  }
+
+  loader <- if (quietly) quiet_wrap(pkg_load) else pkg_load
+  vapply(pkgs, loader, logical(1))
 }
 
 
-#' Ask the user if they want to install packages
+#' Ask the user if they want to install packages then install them.
 #'
 #' @param pkgs A character vector of packages to ask about.
 #'
-#' @return A logical indicating whether the user answered yes or no.
+#' @return Whether the packages were installed or not.
 #'
 #' @noRd
-ask_to_install <- function(pkgs) {
+pkg_check_installed <- function(pkgs) {
   if (!interactive()) {
     return(FALSE)
   }
 
-  line <- function(x = "") {
-    sprintf("%s\n", x)
-  }
-  yesno::yesno(cli::col_red(paste0(
-    line(),
-    line("The following packages could not be found:"),
-    line(paste0("  - ", pkgs, "\n", collapse = "")),
-    "Install missing packages?"
-  )))
+  withRestarts(
+    is.null(rlang::check_installed(pkgs, action = function(pkgs, ...) {
+      pkgs <- pkg_fix_remote_names(pkgs)
+      pak::pkg_install(pkgs, ask = FALSE, ...)
+    })),
+    abort = function(e) FALSE
+  )
 }
 
-
-#' Install packages using appropriate repositories.
+#' Replace package names with their remote names (i.e. qualify with repo name).
 #'
-#' @param pkgs A character vector of the packages to install.
-#' @param ... Arguments passed on to [`pak::pkg_install()`].
+#' @param pkgs A character vector of package names.
 #'
-#' @return The output of [`pak::pkg_install()`] if any packages were installed, else `NULL`.
+#' @return A character vector of package names with remote names.
 #'
 #' @noRd
-pkg_install <- function(pkgs, ...) {
-  is_538 <- pkgs %in% "fivethirtyeightdata"
-  if (any(is_538)) pak::pkg_install("fivethirtyeightdata/fivethirtyeightdata", ...)
-  if (any(!is_538)) pak::pkg_install(pkgs[!is_538], ...)
+pkg_fix_remote_names <- function(pkgs) {
+  pkgs[pkgs == "fivethirtyeightdata"] <- "fivethirtyeightdata/fivethirtyeightdata"
+  pkgs
 }
diff --git a/R/zzz.R b/R/zzz.R
index d863356..63ddbce 100644
--- a/R/zzz.R
+++ b/R/zzz.R
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 .onAttach <- function(...) {
-  attached <- coursekata_attach(quietly = getOption("coursekata.quiet", FALSE) || quickstart())
+  attached <- coursekata_attach(
+    do_not_ask = !interactive() || interactive() && quickstart(),
+    quietly = getOption("coursekata.quiet", FALSE) || quickstart()
+  )
+
   coursekata_load_theme()
   if (!quickstart()) {
     rlang::inform(coursekata_attach_message(attached), class = "packageStartupMessage")
diff --git a/README.Rmd b/README.Rmd
index 1f98df4..c6e42b3 100644
--- a/README.Rmd
+++ b/README.Rmd
@@ -34,19 +34,20 @@ This package makes it easy to install and load all packages and functions used i
 
 ## Installation
 
+This package is available on CRAN and via the source on GitHub. In both cases, the installation is two-part: first install the package, then install the data packages `fivethirtyeight` and `fivethirtyeightdata`:
+
 ```{r eval = FALSE}
-# Install from CRAN
 install.packages("coursekata")
+coursekata::coursekata_install()
 ```
 
 ```{r eval = FALSE}
 # Install the development version from GitHub
 # install.packages("pak")
 pak::pak("coursekata/coursekata-r")
+coursekata::coursekata_install()
 ```
 
-Note that installing the package will install all of the functions that are used in the course, but by default a couple of packages will not be installed: `fivethirtyeight` and `fivethirtyeightdata`. These packages only contain data, so the R package building process complains when functions are not imported from them. The first time you call `library(coursekata)` you will be prompted to install the packages if they are not already installed, or you can call `coursekata::coursekata_install()` to install them at any time.
-
 
 ## Loading Packages Used in CourseKata Courses
 
@@ -76,8 +77,9 @@ In addition to useful functions, a great deal of data sets are used by instructo
 
 ### Startup options
 
-- By default, the package will show all startup messages from the dependent packages. To quiet these (like in the output above), you can set `options(coursekata.quiet = TRUE)`
-- By default, a few checks are performed on startup to check that the packages are installed, up-to-date, and loading from the correct locations. This can take a couple of seconds; to disable this in environments where time is critical set `options(coursekata.quickstart = TRUE)`
+- `coursekata.quickstart`: Each time the package is loaded (e.g. via `library(coursekata)`) a check is run to ensure that all the dependencies are installed and reasonably up-to-date. If they are not, you will be prompted to install missing packages. This can be disabled by setting `options(coursekata.quickstart = FALSE)`.
+
+- `coursekata.quiet`: By default, the package will show all startup messages from the dependent packages. To quiet these (like in the output above), you can set `options(coursekata.quiet = TRUE)`
 
 ## Functions and Theme
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 28370f7..0e4985f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -33,26 +33,22 @@ the [tidyverse](https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org) meta-package.
 
 ## Installation
 
+This package is available on CRAN and via the source on GitHub. In both
+cases, the installation is two-part: first install the package, then
+install the data packages `fivethirtyeight` and `fivethirtyeightdata`:
+
 ``` r
-# Install from CRAN
 install.packages("coursekata")
+coursekata::coursekata_install()
 ```
 
 ``` r
 # Install the development version from GitHub
 # install.packages("pak")
 pak::pak("coursekata/coursekata-r")
+coursekata::coursekata_install()
 ```
 
-Note that installing the package will install all of the functions that
-are used in the course, but by default a couple of packages will not be
-installed: `fivethirtyeight` and `fivethirtyeightdata`. These packages
-only contain data, so the R package building process complains when
-functions are not imported from them. The first time you call
-`library(coursekata)` you will be prompted to install the packages if
-they are not already installed, or you can call
-`coursekata::coursekata_install()` to install them at any time.
-
 ## Loading Packages Used in CourseKata Courses
 
 `library(coursekata)` will load the following core packages in addition
@@ -93,14 +89,15 @@ instructors who teach the course. This package installs these:
 
 ### Startup options
 
-- By default, the package will show all startup messages from the
-  dependent packages. To quiet these (like in the output above), you can
-  set `options(coursekata.quiet = TRUE)`
-- By default, a few checks are performed on startup to check that the
-  packages are installed, up-to-date, and loading from the correct
-  locations. This can take a couple of seconds; to disable this in
-  environments where time is critical set
-  `options(coursekata.quickstart = TRUE)`
+- `coursekata.quickstart`: Each time the package is loaded (e.g. via
+  `library(coursekata)`) a check is run to ensure that all the
+  dependencies are installed and reasonably up-to-date. If they are not,
+  you will be prompted to install missing packages. This can be disabled
+  by setting `options(coursekata.quickstart = FALSE)`.
+
+- `coursekata.quiet`: By default, the package will show all startup
+  messages from the dependent packages. To quiet these (like in the
+  output above), you can set `options(coursekata.quiet = TRUE)`
 
 ## Functions and Theme
 
diff --git a/bin/load-non-interactive-quickstart.r b/bin/load-non-interactive-quickstart.r
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407a13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/load-non-interactive-quickstart.r
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+
+Sys.setenv(`_R_S3_METHOD_REGISTRATION_NOTE_OVERWRITES_` = "false")
+options(coursekata.quiet = FALSE, coursekata.quickstart = TRUE, cli.width = 80)
+
+# ensure this package is uninstalled
+suppressMessages(try(remove.packages("fivethirtyeightdata"), silent = TRUE))
+
+# function to compare output to a snapshot
+test_output_snapshot <- function(expr, snapshot) {
+  replace_smart_quotes <- function(x) {
+    x <- gsub("’", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("‘", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("“", '"', x)
+    x <- gsub("”", '"', x)
+    x
+  }
+
+  output <- capture.output(expr, type = "message")
+  output <- trimws(output, "right")
+  output <- paste(output, collapse = "\n")
+  comp <- waldo::compare(replace_smart_quotes(output), replace_smart_quotes(snapshot))
+  if (length(comp) > 0) stop(paste0(comp, collapse = "\n\n"), call. = FALSE)
+}
+
+# loading should not trigger the install prompt or show any messages
+test_output_snapshot(library(coursekata), "")
diff --git a/bin/load-non-interactive-quiet.r b/bin/load-non-interactive-quiet.r
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5f08b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/load-non-interactive-quiet.r
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+
+Sys.setenv(`_R_S3_METHOD_REGISTRATION_NOTE_OVERWRITES_` = "false")
+options(coursekata.quiet = TRUE, coursekata.quickstart = FALSE, cli.width = 80)
+
+# ensure this package is uninstalled
+suppressMessages(try(remove.packages("fivethirtyeightdata"), silent = TRUE))
+
+# function to compare output to a snapshot
+test_output_snapshot <- function(expr, snapshot) {
+  replace_smart_quotes <- function(x) {
+    x <- gsub("’", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("‘", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("“", '"', x)
+    x <- gsub("”", '"', x)
+    x
+  }
+
+  output <- capture.output(expr, type = "message")
+  output <- trimws(output, "right")
+  output <- paste(output, collapse = "\n")
+  comp <- waldo::compare(replace_smart_quotes(output), replace_smart_quotes(snapshot))
+  if (length(comp) > 0) stop(paste0(comp, collapse = "\n\n"), call. = FALSE)
+}
+
+# individual package start messages should not be printed (only the CourseKata message)
+test_output_snapshot(library(coursekata), trimws("
+── CourseKata packages ──────────────────────────────────── coursekata 0.14.1 ──
+✔ dslabs              0.7.6         ✔ Metrics             0.1.4
+✔ Lock5withR          1.2.2         ✔ lsr                 0.5.2
+x fivethirtyeightdata               ✔ mosaic              1.8.4.2
+✔ fivethirtyeight     0.6.2         ✔ supernova           2.5.7
+"))
diff --git a/bin/load-non-interactive.r b/bin/load-non-interactive.r
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bada837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/load-non-interactive.r
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+
+Sys.setenv(`_R_S3_METHOD_REGISTRATION_NOTE_OVERWRITES_` = "false")
+options(coursekata.quiet = FALSE, coursekata.quickstart = FALSE, cli.width = 80)
+
+# ensure this package is uninstalled
+suppressMessages(try(remove.packages("fivethirtyeightdata"), silent = TRUE))
+
+# function to compare output to a snapshot
+test_output_snapshot <- function(expr, snapshot) {
+  replace_smart_quotes <- function(x) {
+    x <- gsub("’", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("‘", "'", x)
+    x <- gsub("“", '"', x)
+    x <- gsub("”", '"', x)
+    x
+  }
+
+  output <- capture.output(expr, type = "message")
+  output <- trimws(output, "right")
+  output <- paste(output, collapse = "\n")
+  comp <- waldo::compare(replace_smart_quotes(output), replace_smart_quotes(snapshot))
+  if (length(comp) > 0) stop(paste0(comp, collapse = "\n\n"), call. = FALSE)
+}
+
+test_output_snapshot(library(coursekata), trimws("
+Loading required package: dslabs
+Loading required package: Lock5withR
+Loading required package: fivethirtyeight
+Some larger datasets need to be installed separately, like senators and
+house_district_forecast. To install these, we recommend you install the
+fivethirtyeightdata package by running:
+install.packages('fivethirtyeightdata', repos =
+'https://fivethirtyeightdata.github.io/drat/', type = 'source')
+Loading required package: Metrics
+Loading required package: lsr
+Loading required package: mosaic
+
+The 'mosaic' package masks several functions from core packages in order to add
+additional features.  The original behavior of these functions should not be affected by this.
+
+Attaching package: ‘mosaic’
+
+The following objects are masked from ‘package:dplyr’:
+
+    count, do, tally
+
+The following object is masked from ‘package:Matrix’:
+
+    mean
+
+The following object is masked from ‘package:ggplot2’:
+
+    stat
+
+The following objects are masked from ‘package:stats’:
+
+    binom.test, cor, cor.test, cov, fivenum, IQR, median, prop.test,
+    quantile, sd, t.test, var
+
+The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:
+
+    max, mean, min, prod, range, sample, sum
+
+Loading required package: supernova
+── CourseKata packages ──────────────────────────────────── coursekata 0.14.1 ──
+✔ dslabs              0.7.6         ✔ Metrics             0.1.4
+✔ Lock5withR          1.2.2         ✔ lsr                 0.5.2
+x fivethirtyeightdata               ✔ mosaic              1.8.4.2
+✔ fivethirtyeight     0.6.2         ✔ supernova           2.5.7
+"))
diff --git a/cran-comments.md b/cran-comments.md
index 4a73dad..433216b 100644
--- a/cran-comments.md
+++ b/cran-comments.md
@@ -1,27 +1,23 @@
 ## Release summary
 
-- This is a new package. This is the second time submitting this package to CRAN, and it has been
-  updated to address the feedback from the first submission.
+Package was failing on CRAN checks and asking for user input in non-interactive mode. The check is for a missing package that should be installed for full functionality, but is not required. The fix was to add a check for interactive mode before asking for user input.
 
-- Requested changes:
+Additional comments from Uwe Ligges were that the user prompt was confusing. Instead of using `yesno` to generate the prompt, we are now using `rlang::check_installed()` to handle the prompt and subsequent installation.
 
-  - The Title and Description now use single quotes around 'CourseKata'
-  - All exported functions have been checked to ensure that their return values
-    are documented in the `@return` section of the function documentation.
-    - coursekata_load_theme
-    - coursekata_unload_theme
-    - gf_model
+Other changes:
 
-- Additional changes:
-  - Removed internal docs and opted for @noRd tags as suggested by tidyverse
+- Reduce calls to `pak::pkg_status()` to improve startup time
+- Address issue where `require(lib.loc = ...)` was sometimes being passed `NA` instead of `NULL`
 
 ## Test environments
 
 - Local install on macOS Sonoma 14.0 (ARM); R 4.3.1
 - GitHub Actions
-  - macOS: 12.7; R: 4.3.1
+  - macOS: 12.6.9; R: 4.3.1
   - Microsoft Windows Server 2022: 10.0.20348; R: 4.3.1, 3.6.3
   - Ubuntu: 22.04.3; R: devel, 4.3.1, 4.2.3
+- devtools::check_rhub()
+- devtools::check_win_devel()
 
 ## R CMD check results
 
diff --git a/man/coursekata_attach.Rd b/man/coursekata_attach.Rd
index d1d42d5..294e418 100644
--- a/man/coursekata_attach.Rd
+++ b/man/coursekata_attach.Rd
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 \alias{coursekata_attach}
 \title{Attach the CourseKata course packages}
 \usage{
-coursekata_attach(quietly = FALSE)
+coursekata_attach(do_not_ask = FALSE, quietly = FALSE)
 }
 \arguments{
+\item{do_not_ask}{Prevent asking the user to install missing packages (they are skipped).}
+
 \item{quietly}{Whether to suppress messages.}
 }
 \value{
diff --git a/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_b1-1.png b/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_b1-1.png
index 00fc1be..8c33a20 100644
Binary files a/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_b1-1.png and b/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_b1-1.png differ
diff --git a/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_hp-1.png b/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_hp-1.png
index 72f60a0..c2bbb02 100644
Binary files a/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_hp-1.png and b/man/figures/README-samp_dist_of_hp-1.png differ
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-coursekata_attach.R b/tests/testthat/test-coursekata_attach.R
index 2c63802..8777506 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-coursekata_attach.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-coursekata_attach.R
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 test_that("all course packages are listed with version and whether attached", {
-  # use these packages because they are not imported
-  # they need to be in the order they appear in the coursekata_pkgs object
+  # these packages are not imported, but are still in the load out
+  # (important because they can be detached and re-attached during testing)
   pkgs <- c("fivethirtyeightdata", "fivethirtyeight")
-  # fivethirtyeightdata is not always installed, and if so, it won't get attached
-  # detach/re-attach only if it is installed
+
+  # they need to be in the order they appear in the coursekata_pkgs object
+  pkgs <- pkgs[order(match(pkgs, coursekata_pkgs))]
+
+  # detach/re-attach only installed packages
   installed <- pkg_is_installed(pkgs)
+  names(installed) <- pkgs
   detacher(pkgs[installed])
   withr::defer(attacher(pkgs[installed]))
 
   # only the installed package will be attached
   attachments <- coursekata_attach(quietly = TRUE)
-  names(installed) <- pkgs
   expect_identical(attachments, installed)
 })
 
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-utils-pkg.R b/tests/testthat/test-utils-pkg.R
index 28cfb67..ac57634 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-utils-pkg.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-utils-pkg.R
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 test_that("it determines whether a package is attached or not", {
-  pkgs <- "fivethirtyeight" # use this package because it is not imported
+  # use a package that can be unloaded and reloaded (so, can't be imported by coursekata)
+  pkgs <- "fivethirtyeight"
+
+  # make sure the package can be added
+  if (!require(pkgs, character.only = TRUE, quietly = TRUE)) {
+    fail(paste("Package not available:", pkgs))
+  }
 
   purrr::walk(pkgs, detacher)
-  expect_vector(pkg_is_attached(pkgs), logical(), length(pkgs))
-  expect_true(all(!pkg_is_attached(pkgs)))
+  attached <- pkg_is_attached(pkgs)
+  expect_vector(attached, logical(), length(pkgs))
+  expect_true(all(!attached))
 
   # reattach for other tests
   purrr::walk(pkgs, attacher)
@@ -11,14 +18,6 @@ test_that("it determines whether a package is attached or not", {
 })
 
 
-test_that("it retrieves the library location for currently installed packages, or NA", {
-  pkgs <- c("supernova", "lsr", "does_not_exist")
-  locations <- pkg_library_location(pkgs)
-  expect_identical(unname(locations[3]), NA_character_)
-  expect_true(all(dir.exists(locations[1:2])))
-})
-
-
 test_that("it retrieves the package version for currently installed packages, or NA", {
   pkgs <- c("supernova", "lsr", "does-not-exist")
   expect_vector(pkg_version(pkgs), character(), length(pkgs))
@@ -39,20 +38,6 @@ test_that("requiring a package can be quiet", {
   expect_message(pkg_require(pkgs, quietly = TRUE), NA)
 })
 
-test_that("requiring a missing package calmly asks if you want to install it", {
-  skip("Make sure to run this when testing locally.")
-
-  menu_mock <- mockery::mock(FALSE)
-  mockr::with_mock(
-    .env = as.environment("package:coursekata"),
-    ask_to_install = menu_mock,
-    {
-      expect_warning(pkg_require("does not exist"), NA)
-      expect_length(mockery::mock_calls(menu_mock), 1)
-    }
-  )
-})
-
 
 test_that("installing fivethirtyeightdata works as intended", {
   skip("Make sure to run this when testing locally.")
@@ -64,6 +49,6 @@ test_that("installing fivethirtyeightdata works as intended", {
     error = function(e) invisible(NULL)
   )
 
-  pkg_install("fivethirtyeightdata")
+  pkg_check_installed("fivethirtyeightdata")
   expect_true(require("fivethirtyeightdata"))
 })