texture_binding_array.rs

//! A shader that binds several textures onto one
//! `binding_array<texture<f32>>` shader binding slot and sample non-uniformly.

use bevy::{
    prelude::*,
    reflect::TypeUuid,
    render::{
        render_asset::RenderAssets,
        render_resource::{AsBindGroupError, PreparedBindGroup, *},
        renderer::RenderDevice,
        texture::FallbackImage,
    },
};
use std::num::NonZeroU32;

fn main() {
    let mut app = App::new();
    app.add_plugins(DefaultPlugins.set(ImagePlugin::default_nearest()));

    let render_device = app.world.resource::<RenderDevice>();

    // check if the device support the required feature
    if !render_device
        .features()
        .contains(WgpuFeatures::SAMPLED_TEXTURE_AND_STORAGE_BUFFER_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING)
    {
        error!(
            "Render device doesn't support feature \
            SAMPLED_TEXTURE_AND_STORAGE_BUFFER_ARRAY_NON_UNIFORM_INDEXING, \
            which is required for texture binding arrays"
        );
        return;
    }

    app.add_plugin(MaterialPlugin::<BindlessMaterial>::default())
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .run();
}

const MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT: usize = 16;
const TILE_ID: [usize; 16] = [
    19, 23, 4, 33, 12, 69, 30, 48, 10, 65, 40, 47, 57, 41, 44, 46,
];

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<BindlessMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    commands.spawn(Camera3dBundle {
        transform: Transform::from_xyz(2.0, 2.0, 2.0).looking_at(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), Vec3::Y),
        ..Default::default()
    });

    // load 16 textures
    let textures: Vec<_> = TILE_ID
        .iter()
        .map(|id| {
            let path = format!("textures/rpg/tiles/generic-rpg-tile{id:0>2}.png");
            asset_server.load(path)
        })
        .collect();

    // a cube with multiple textures
    commands.spawn(MaterialMeshBundle {
        mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 1.0 })),
        material: materials.add(BindlessMaterial { textures }),
        ..Default::default()
    });
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, TypeUuid)]
#[uuid = "8dd2b424-45a2-4a53-ac29-7ce356b2d5fe"]
struct BindlessMaterial {
    textures: Vec<Handle<Image>>,
}

impl AsBindGroup for BindlessMaterial {
    type Data = ();

    fn as_bind_group(
        &self,
        layout: &BindGroupLayout,
        render_device: &RenderDevice,
        image_assets: &RenderAssets<Image>,
        fallback_image: &FallbackImage,
    ) -> Result<PreparedBindGroup<Self::Data>, AsBindGroupError> {
        // retrieve the render resources from handles
        let mut images = vec![];
        for handle in self.textures.iter().take(MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT) {
            match image_assets.get(handle) {
                Some(image) => images.push(image),
                None => return Err(AsBindGroupError::RetryNextUpdate),
            }
        }

        let textures = vec![&fallback_image.texture_view; MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT];

        // convert bevy's resource types to WGPU's references
        let mut textures: Vec<_> = textures.into_iter().map(|texture| &**texture).collect();

        // fill in up to the first `MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT` textures and samplers to the arrays
        for (id, image) in images.into_iter().enumerate() {
            textures[id] = &*image.texture_view;
        }

        let bind_group = render_device.create_bind_group(&BindGroupDescriptor {
            label: "bindless_material_bind_group".into(),
            layout,
            entries: &[
                BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    resource: BindingResource::TextureViewArray(&textures[..]),
                },
                BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: BindingResource::Sampler(&fallback_image.sampler),
                },
            ],
        });

        Ok(PreparedBindGroup {
            bindings: vec![],
            bind_group,
            data: (),
        })
    }

    fn bind_group_layout(render_device: &RenderDevice) -> BindGroupLayout
    where
        Self: Sized,
    {
        render_device.create_bind_group_layout(&BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
            label: "bindless_material_layout".into(),
            entries: &[
                // @group(1) @binding(0) var textures: binding_array<texture_2d<f32>>;
                BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: BindingType::Texture {
                        sample_type: TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
                        view_dimension: TextureViewDimension::D2,
                        multisampled: false,
                    },
                    count: NonZeroU32::new(MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT as u32),
                },
                // @group(1) @binding(1) var nearest_sampler: sampler;
                BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 1,
                    visibility: ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: BindingType::Sampler(SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
                    count: None,
                    // Note: as textures, multiple samplers can also be bound onto one binding slot.
                    // One may need to pay attention to the limit of sampler binding amount on some platforms.
                    // count: NonZeroU32::new(MAX_TEXTURE_COUNT as u32),
                },
            ],
        })
    }
}

impl Material for BindlessMaterial {
    fn fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
        "shaders/texture_binding_array.wgsl".into()
    }
}