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Compiling with Native AOT

This document explains how to compile and publish your project using Native AOT toolchain. First, please ensure that pre-requisites are installed. If you are starting a new project, you may find the HelloWorld sample directions useful.

Add ILCompiler package reference

To use Native AOT with your project, you need to add a reference to the ILCompiler NuGet package containing the Native AOT compiler and runtime. Make sure the nuget.config file for your project contains the following package sources under the <packageSources> element:

<add key="dotnet-experimental" value="https://pkgs.dev.azure.com/dnceng/public/_packaging/dotnet-experimental/nuget/v3/index.json" />
<add key="nuget" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />

If your project has no nuget.config file, it may be created by running

> dotnet new nugetconfig

from the project's root directory. New package sources must be added after the <clear /> element if you decide to keep it.

Once you have added the package sources, add a reference to the ILCompiler package either by running

> dotnet add package Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler -v 7.0.0-*

or by adding the following element to the project file:

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler" Version="7.0.0-*" />
  </ItemGroup>

Compile and publish your app

Use the dotnet publish command to compile and publish your app:

> dotnet publish -r <RID> -c <Configuration>

where <Configuration> is your project configuration (such as Debug or Release) and <RID> is the runtime identifier reflecting your host OS and architecture (one of win-x64, linux-x64, osx-x64). For example, to publish the Release build of your app for Windows x64, run the following command:

> dotnet publish -r win-x64 -c Release

If the compilation succeeds, the native executable will be placed under the bin/<Configuration>/net5.0/<RID>/publish/ path relative to your project's root directory.

Cross-architecture compilation

Native AOT toolchain allows targeting ARM64 on an x64 host and vice versa for both Windows and Linux. Cross-OS compilation, such as targeting Linux on a Windows host, is not supported. To target win-arm64 on a Windows x64 host, in addition to the Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler package reference, also add the runtime.win-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler package reference to get the x64-hosted compiler:

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler; runtime.win-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler" Version="7.0.0-alpha.1.21423.2" />

Note that it is important to use the same version for both packages to avoid potential hard-to-debug issues (use the latest version from the dotnet-experimental feed). After adding the package reference, you may publish for win-arm64 as usual:

> dotnet publish -r win-arm64 -c Release

Similarly, to target linux-arm64 on a Linux x64 host, in addition to the Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler package reference, also add the runtime.linux-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler package reference to get the x64-hosted compiler:

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler; runtime.linux-x64.Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler" Version="7.0.0-alpha.1.21423.2" />

You also need to specify the sysroot directory for Clang using the SysRoot property. For example, assuming you are using one of ARM64-targeting Docker images employed for cross-compilation by this repo, you may publish for linux-arm64 with the following command:

> dotnet publish -r linux-arm64 -c Release -p:CppCompilerAndLinker=clang-9 -p:SysRoot=/crossrootfs/arm64

You may also follow cross-building instructions to create your own sysroot directory.