diff --git a/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShared-test.js b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShared-test.js
index dfcf50ac35946..6952bba46b516 100644
--- a/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShared-test.js
+++ b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShared-test.js
@@ -688,6 +688,58 @@ describe('Shared useSyncExternalStore behavior (shim and built-in)', () => {
       expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded(['A1']);
       expect(container.textContent).toEqual('A1B1');
     });
+
+    test('basic server hydration', async () => {
+      const store = createExternalStore('client');
+
+      const ref = React.createRef();
+      function App() {
+        const text = useSyncExternalStore(
+          store.subscribe,
+          store.getState,
+          () => 'server',
+        );
+        useEffect(() => {
+          Scheduler.unstable_yieldValue('Passive effect: ' + text);
+        }, [text]);
+        return (
+          <div ref={ref}>
+            <Text text={text} />
+          </div>
+        );
+      }
+
+      const container = document.createElement('div');
+      container.innerHTML = '<div>server</div>';
+      const serverRenderedDiv = container.getElementsByTagName('div')[0];
+
+      if (gate(flags => flags.supportsNativeUseSyncExternalStore)) {
+        act(() => {
+          ReactDOM.hydrateRoot(container, <App />);
+        });
+        expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded([
+          // First it hydrates the server rendered HTML
+          'server',
+          'Passive effect: server',
+          // Then in a second paint, it re-renders with the client state
+          'client',
+          'Passive effect: client',
+        ]);
+      } else {
+        // In the userspace shim, there's no mechanism to detect whether we're
+        // currently hydrating, so `getServerSnapshot` is not called on the
+        // client. To avoid this server mismatch warning, user must account for
+        // this themselves and return the correct value inside `getSnapshot`.
+        act(() => {
+          expect(() => ReactDOM.hydrate(<App />, container)).toErrorDev(
+            'Text content did not match',
+          );
+        });
+        expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded(['client', 'Passive effect: client']);
+      }
+      expect(container.textContent).toEqual('client');
+      expect(ref.current).toEqual(serverRenderedDiv);
+    });
   });
 
   // The selector implementation uses the lazy ref initialization pattern
diff --git a/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShimServer-test.js b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShimServer-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9fa5b9ce21ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/__tests__/useSyncExternalStoreShimServer-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ *
+ * @emails react-core
+ *
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+let useSyncExternalStore;
+let React;
+let ReactDOM;
+let ReactDOMServer;
+let Scheduler;
+
+// This tests the userspace shim of `useSyncExternalStore` in a server-rendering
+// (Node) environment
+describe('useSyncExternalStore (userspace shim, server rendering)', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetModules();
+
+    // Remove useSyncExternalStore from the React imports so that we use the
+    // shim instead. Also removing startTransition, since we use that to detect
+    // outdated 18 alphas that don't yet include useSyncExternalStore.
+    //
+    // Longer term, we'll probably test this branch using an actual build of
+    // React 17.
+    jest.mock('react', () => {
+      const {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+        startTransition: _,
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+        useSyncExternalStore: __,
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+        unstable_useSyncExternalStore: ___,
+        ...otherExports
+      } = jest.requireActual('react');
+      return otherExports;
+    });
+
+    React = require('react');
+    ReactDOM = require('react-dom');
+    ReactDOMServer = require('react-dom/server');
+    Scheduler = require('scheduler');
+
+    useSyncExternalStore = require('use-sync-external-store')
+      .useSyncExternalStore;
+  });
+
+  function Text({text}) {
+    Scheduler.unstable_yieldValue(text);
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  function createExternalStore(initialState) {
+    const listeners = new Set();
+    let currentState = initialState;
+    return {
+      set(text) {
+        currentState = text;
+        ReactDOM.unstable_batchedUpdates(() => {
+          listeners.forEach(listener => listener());
+        });
+      },
+      subscribe(listener) {
+        listeners.add(listener);
+        return () => listeners.delete(listener);
+      },
+      getState() {
+        return currentState;
+      },
+      getSubscriberCount() {
+        return listeners.size;
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  test('basic server render', async () => {
+    const store = createExternalStore('client');
+
+    function App() {
+      const text = useSyncExternalStore(
+        store.subscribe,
+        store.getState,
+        () => 'server',
+      );
+      return <Text text={text} />;
+    }
+
+    const html = ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<App />);
+    expect(Scheduler).toHaveYielded(['server']);
+    expect(html).toEqual('server');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/useSyncExternalStore.js b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/useSyncExternalStore.js
index 6d3199d7f2d52..6b30854aea03a 100644
--- a/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/useSyncExternalStore.js
+++ b/packages/use-sync-external-store/src/useSyncExternalStore.js
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 import * as React from 'react';
 import is from 'shared/objectIs';
+import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
+import {canUseDOM} from 'shared/ExecutionEnvironment';
 
 // Intentionally not using named imports because Rollup uses dynamic
 // dispatch for CommonJS interop named imports.
@@ -21,17 +23,38 @@ const {
   unstable_useSyncExternalStore: builtInAPI,
 } = React;
 
+// TODO: This heuristic doesn't work in React Native. We'll need to provide a
+// special build, using the `.native` extension.
+const isServerEnvironment = !canUseDOM;
+
 // Prefer the built-in API, if it exists. If it doesn't exist, then we assume
 // we're in version 16 or 17, so rendering is always synchronous. The shim
 // does not support concurrent rendering, only the built-in API.
 export const useSyncExternalStore =
   builtInAPI !== undefined
-    ? ((builtInAPI: any): typeof useSyncExternalStore_shim)
-    : useSyncExternalStore_shim;
+    ? ((builtInAPI: any): typeof useSyncExternalStore_client)
+    : isServerEnvironment
+    ? useSyncExternalStore_server
+    : useSyncExternalStore_client;
 
 let didWarnOld18Alpha = false;
 let didWarnUncachedGetSnapshot = false;
 
+function useSyncExternalStore_server<T>(
+  subscribe: (() => void) => () => void,
+  getSnapshot: () => T,
+  getServerSnapshot?: () => T,
+): T {
+  if (getServerSnapshot === undefined) {
+    invariant(
+      false,
+      'Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-' +
+        'rendered content.',
+    );
+  }
+  return getServerSnapshot();
+}
+
 // Disclaimer: This shim breaks many of the rules of React, and only works
 // because of a very particular set of implementation details and assumptions
 // -- change any one of them and it will break. The most important assumption
@@ -42,10 +65,13 @@ let didWarnUncachedGetSnapshot = false;
 //
 // Do not assume that the clever hacks used by this hook also work in general.
 // The point of this shim is to replace the need for hacks by other libraries.
-function useSyncExternalStore_shim<T>(
+function useSyncExternalStore_client<T>(
   subscribe: (() => void) => () => void,
   getSnapshot: () => T,
-  // TODO: Add a canUseDOM check and use this one on the server
+  // Note: The client shim does not use getServerSnapshot, because pre-18
+  // versions of React do not expose a way to check if we're hydrating. So
+  // users of the shim will need to track that themselves and return the
+  // correct value from `getSnapshot`.
   getServerSnapshot?: () => T,
 ): T {
   if (__DEV__) {
@@ -97,7 +123,6 @@ function useSyncExternalStore_shim<T>(
   // Track the latest getSnapshot function with a ref. This needs to be updated
   // in the layout phase so we can access it during the tearing check that
   // happens on subscribe.
-  // TODO: Circumvent SSR warning with canUseDOM check
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
     inst.value = value;
     inst.getSnapshot = getSnapshot;
diff --git a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
index c3206daa0d339..1a6afe0233ed1 100644
--- a/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
+++ b/scripts/error-codes/codes.json
@@ -395,5 +395,6 @@
   "404": "Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component.",
   "405": "hydrateRoot(...): Target container is not a DOM element.",
   "406": "act(...) is not supported in production builds of React.",
-  "407": "Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering."
+  "407": "Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-rendered content. Will revert to client rendering.",
+  "408": "Missing getServerSnapshot, which is required for server-rendered content."
 }