diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/admin.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/admin.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..770901199bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/admin.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package validators
+
+import (
+	"std"
+)
+
+var (
+	adminAddr = std.Address("g1u7y667z64x2h7vc6fmpcprgey4ck233jaww9zq")
+)
+
+func assertIsAdmin() {
+	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
+	if !isAdmin(caller) {
+		panic("access restricted.")
+	}
+}
+
+func isAdmin(addr std.Address) bool {
+	return addr == adminAddr
+}
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/public.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/public.gno
index 01485e8a401..fb96dec3e7d 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/public.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/public.gno
@@ -6,24 +6,19 @@ import (
 	"gno.land/p/demo/ufmt"
 )
 
+// CreateValidator creates a new validator with the given name and public key
 func CreateValidator(name, pubkey string) {
 	std.AssertOriginCall()
 
-	if validators.Size() >= maxValidators {
-		panic("validator set is full")
-	}
-
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
 	vkey := validatorKey(caller)
 	if validators.Has(vkey) {
 		panic("validator already registered")
 	}
 
-	power := std.GetOrigSend().AmountOf(nativeDenom)
-
+	var power int64 = 0 // when created validator, power is 0, admin must confirm this validator is active or not
 	validator := newValidator(name, caller, pubkey, power)
 	validators.Set(vkey, validator)
-
 }
 
 func RemoveValidator() {
@@ -37,26 +32,32 @@ func RemoveValidator() {
 	validators.Remove(vkey)
 }
 
-func UpdateMaxValidators(max int) {
-	std.AssertOriginCall()
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
-	if caller != admin {
-		panic("unauthorized")
-	}
+// UpdateValidatorPower updates the power of the given validator by admins
+func UpdateValidatorPower(addr std.Address, power int64) {
+	assertIsAdmin()
+	vkey := validatorKey(addr)
 
-	maxValidators = max
+	v, ok := validators.Get(vkey)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("validator not found")
+	}
+	v.(*Validator).power = power
 }
 
+// ValidatorSet returns the current active validator set
 func ValidatorSet() string {
 	output := ""
 	colon := ""
 	validators.Iterate("", "", func(key string, value interface{}) bool {
 		validator := value.(*Validator)
+		if validator.power == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+
 		output = output + colon + ufmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", validator.pubkey, validator.power)
 		colon = ","
 		return false
 
 	})
-
 	return output
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/render.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/render.gno
index d14dcbf0061..1399c29a3c8 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/render.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/render.gno
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import (
 
 func Render(path string) string {
 	output := ""
-	output += ufmt.Sprintf("## Validators: (%d / %d)\n", validators.Size(), maxValidators)
+	output += ufmt.Sprintf("## Validators: (%d)\n", validators.Size())
 	output += "\n"
-	output += "| Name | Address | VotingPower |\n"
-	output += "| ---- | ------- | ----------- |\n"
+	output += "| Name | Address | Pubkey | VotingPower |\n"
+	output += "| ---- | ------- | ------ | ----------- |\n"
 
 	validators.Iterate("", "", func(key string, value interface{}) bool {
 		v := value.(*Validator)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validator.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validator.gno
index 7bb537eb1ea..22d30230c2f 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validator.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validator.gno
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (
 
 type Validator struct {
 	name    string
-	address std.Address
-	pubkey  string
-	power   int64
+	address std.Address // owner address
+	pubkey  string      // node pubkey(id)
+	power   int64       // voting power
 }
 
 func newValidator(name string, address std.Address, pubkey string, power int64) *Validator {
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ func newValidator(name string, address std.Address, pubkey string, power int64)
 }
 
 func (v Validator) Render() string {
-	format := "|%s|%s|%d|"
-	return ufmt.Sprintf(format, v.name, v.address, v.power)
+	format := "|%s|%s|%s|%d|"
+	return ufmt.Sprintf(format, v.name, v.address, v.pubkey, v.power)
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validators.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validators.gno
index 344779165d6..c30c1f84945 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validators.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/system/validators/validators.gno
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ var (
 	validators = avl.NewTree() // addr -> *Validator
 )
 
-var (
-	maxValidators = 20
-	nativeDenom   = "ugnot"
-	admin         = std.Address("g1u7y667z64x2h7vc6fmpcprgey4ck233jaww9zq")
-)
-
 func validatorKey(addr std.Address) string {
 	return addr.String()
 }