diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 72a3fe2d969..d026510b3f9 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Add data quality metric to measure traces without a root [#3812](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3812) (@mapno)
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Added an example for running Tempo vulture [#3829](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3829) (@javiermolinar)
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Add a new helper method to allow debugging e2e tests [#3836](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3836) (@javiermolinar)
+* [ENHANCEMENT] Refactor Tempo Vulture to reduce code complexity [#3850](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3850) (@javiermolinar)
 * [ENHANCEMENT] Self document makefile [#3844](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3844)  (@javiermolinar)
 * [BUGFIX] Fix panic in certain metrics queries using `rate()` with `by` [#3847](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3847) (@stoewer)
 * [BUGFIX] Fix metrics queries when grouping by attributes that may not exist [#3734](https://github.com/grafana/tempo/pull/3734) (@mdisibio)
diff --git a/cmd/tempo-vulture/main.go b/cmd/tempo-vulture/main.go
index 391f007bc00..f2be81a28a8 100644
--- a/cmd/tempo-vulture/main.go
+++ b/cmd/tempo-vulture/main.go
@@ -62,6 +62,18 @@ const (
 	defaultJaegerGRPCEndpoint = 14250
 )
 
+type vultureConfiguration struct {
+	tempoQueryURL                 string
+	tempoPushURL                  string
+	tempoOrgID                    string
+	tempoWriteBackoffDuration     time.Duration
+	tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration time.Duration
+	tempoReadBackoffDuration      time.Duration
+	tempoSearchBackoffDuration    time.Duration
+	tempoRetentionDuration        time.Duration
+	tempoPushTLS                  bool
+}
+
 func init() {
 	flag.StringVar(&prometheusPath, "prometheus-path", "/metrics", "The path to publish Prometheus metrics to.")
 	flag.StringVar(&prometheusListenAddress, "prometheus-listen-address", ":80", "The address to listen on for Prometheus scrapes.")
@@ -87,98 +99,167 @@ func main() {
 		zapcore.DebugLevel,
 	))
 
-	grpcEndpoint, err := getGRPCEndpoint(tempoPushURL)
+	logger.Info("Tempo Vulture starting")
+
+	vultureConfig := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoQueryURL:                 tempoQueryURL,
+		tempoPushURL:                  tempoPushURL,
+		tempoOrgID:                    tempoOrgID,
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration:     tempoWriteBackoffDuration,
+		tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration: tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration,
+		tempoReadBackoffDuration:      tempoReadBackoffDuration,
+		tempoSearchBackoffDuration:    tempoSearchBackoffDuration,
+		tempoRetentionDuration:        tempoRetentionDuration,
+		tempoPushTLS:                  tempoPushTLS,
+	}
+
+	jaegerClient, err := newJaegerGRPCClient(vultureConfig, logger)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
+	httpClient := httpclient.New(vultureConfig.tempoQueryURL, vultureConfig.tempoOrgID)
 
-	logger.Info("Tempo Vulture starting")
+	tickerWrite, tickerRead, tickerSearch, err := initTickers(vultureConfig.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, vultureConfig.tempoReadBackoffDuration, vultureConfig.tempoSearchBackoffDuration)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+	interval := vultureConfig.tempoWriteBackoffDuration
 
-	actualStartTime := time.Now()
-	startTime := actualStartTime
-	tickerWrite := time.NewTicker(tempoWriteBackoffDuration)
+	doWrite(jaegerClient, tickerWrite, interval, vultureConfig, logger)
+	doRead(httpClient, tickerRead, startTime, interval, r, vultureConfig, logger)
+	doSearch(httpClient, tickerSearch, startTime, interval, r, vultureConfig, logger)
 
-	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(actualStartTime.Unix()))
+	http.Handle(prometheusPath, promhttp.Handler())
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(prometheusListenAddress, nil))
+}
+
+func getGRPCEndpoint(endpoint string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	dialAddress := u.Host
 
-	var tickerRead *time.Ticker
+	if u.Port() == "" {
+		dialAddress = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", dialAddress, defaultJaegerGRPCEndpoint)
+	}
+	return dialAddress, nil
+}
+
+func initTickers(tempoWriteBackoffDuration time.Duration, tempoReadBackoffDuration time.Duration, tempoSearchBackoffDuration time.Duration) (tickerWrite *time.Ticker, tickerRead *time.Ticker, tickerSearch *time.Ticker, err error) {
+	if tempoWriteBackoffDuration <= 0 {
+		return nil, nil, nil, errors.New("tempo-write-backoff-duration must be greater than 0")
+	}
+	tickerWrite = time.NewTicker(tempoWriteBackoffDuration)
 	if tempoReadBackoffDuration > 0 {
 		tickerRead = time.NewTicker(tempoReadBackoffDuration)
 	}
-
-	var tickerSearch *time.Ticker
 	if tempoSearchBackoffDuration > 0 {
 		tickerSearch = time.NewTicker(tempoSearchBackoffDuration)
 	}
-
 	if tickerRead == nil && tickerSearch == nil {
-		log.Fatalf("at least one of tempo-search-backoff-duration or tempo-read-backoff-duration must be set")
+		return nil, nil, nil, errors.New("at least one of tempo-search-backoff-duration or tempo-read-backoff-duration must be set")
 	}
+	return tickerWrite, tickerRead, tickerSearch, nil
+}
 
-	interval := tempoWriteBackoffDuration
-
-	ready := func(info *util.TraceInfo, now time.Time) bool {
-		// Don't attempt to read on the first itteration if we can't reasonably
-		// expect the write loop to have fired yet.  Double the duration here to
-		// avoid a race.
-		if info.Timestamp().Before(actualStartTime.Add(2 * tempoWriteBackoffDuration)) {
-			return false
-		}
-
-		return info.Ready(now, tempoWriteBackoffDuration, tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration)
+// Don't attempt to read on the first iteration if we can't reasonably
+// expect the write loop to have fired yet.  Double the duration here to
+// avoid a race.
+func traceIsReady(info *util.TraceInfo, now time.Time, startTime time.Time, writeBackoff time.Duration, longBackoff time.Duration) bool {
+	if info.Timestamp().Before(startTime.Add(2 * writeBackoff)) {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	// Write
-	go func() {
-		client, err := newJaegerGRPCClient(grpcEndpoint)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
+	return info.Ready(now, writeBackoff, longBackoff)
+}
 
+func doWrite(jaegerClient util.JaegerClient, tickerWrite *time.Ticker, interval time.Duration, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) {
+	go func() {
 		for now := range tickerWrite.C {
 			timestamp := now.Round(interval)
-			info := util.NewTraceInfo(timestamp, tempoOrgID)
+			info := util.NewTraceInfo(timestamp, config.tempoOrgID)
 
-			log := logger.With(
-				zap.String("org_id", tempoOrgID),
+			logger := l.With(
+				zap.String("org_id", config.tempoOrgID),
 				zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
 			)
 
-			log.Info("sending trace")
+			logger.Info("sending trace")
 
-			err := info.EmitBatches(client)
+			err := info.EmitBatches(jaegerClient)
 			if err != nil {
 				metricErrorTotal.Inc()
 			}
-			queueFutureBatches(client, info)
+			queueFutureBatches(jaegerClient, info, config, l)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func queueFutureBatches(client util.JaegerClient, info *util.TraceInfo, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) {
+	if info.LongWritesRemaining() == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	logger := l.With(
+		zap.String("org_id", config.tempoOrgID),
+		zap.String("write_trace_id", info.HexID()),
+		zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
+		zap.Int64("longWritesRemaining", info.LongWritesRemaining()),
+	)
+	logger.Info("queueing future batches")
+
+	info.Done()
+
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(config.tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration)
+
+		logger := l.With(
+			zap.String("org_id", config.tempoOrgID),
+			zap.String("write_trace_id", info.HexID()),
+			zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
+			zap.Int64("longWritesRemaining", info.LongWritesRemaining()),
+		)
+		logger.Info("sending trace")
+
+		err := info.EmitBatches(client)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("failed to queue batches",
+				zap.Error(err),
+			)
 		}
+
+		queueFutureBatches(client, info, config, l)
 	}()
+}
 
-	// Read
+func doRead(httpClient httpclient.HTTPClient, tickerRead *time.Ticker, startTime time.Time, interval time.Duration, r *rand.Rand, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) {
 	if tickerRead != nil {
 		go func() {
 			for now := range tickerRead.C {
 				var seed time.Time
 				startTime, seed = selectPastTimestamp(startTime, now, interval, tempoRetentionDuration, r)
 
-				log := logger.With(
-					zap.String("org_id", tempoOrgID),
+				logger := l.With(
+					zap.String("org_id", config.tempoOrgID),
 					zap.Int64("seed", seed.Unix()),
 				)
 
-				info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, tempoOrgID)
+				info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
 
 				// Don't query for a trace we don't expect to be complete
-				if !ready(info, now) {
+				if !traceIsReady(info, now, startTime,
+					config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, config.tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration) {
 					continue
 				}
 
-				client := httpclient.New(tempoQueryURL, tempoOrgID)
-
 				// query the trace
-				queryMetrics, err := queryTrace(client, info)
+				queryMetrics, err := queryTrace(httpClient, info, l)
 				if err != nil {
 					metricErrorTotal.Inc()
-					log.Error("query for metrics failed",
+					logger.Error("query for metrics failed",
 						zap.Error(err),
 					)
 				}
@@ -186,40 +267,40 @@ func main() {
 			}
 		}()
 	}
+}
 
-	// Search
+func doSearch(httpClient httpclient.HTTPClient, tickerSearch *time.Ticker, startTime time.Time, interval time.Duration, r *rand.Rand, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) {
 	if tickerSearch != nil {
 		go func() {
 			for now := range tickerSearch.C {
-				_, seed := selectPastTimestamp(startTime, now, interval, tempoRetentionDuration, r)
-				log := logger.With(
-					zap.String("org_id", tempoOrgID),
+				_, seed := selectPastTimestamp(startTime, now, interval, config.tempoRetentionDuration, r)
+				logger := l.With(
+					zap.String("org_id", config.tempoOrgID),
 					zap.Int64("seed", seed.Unix()),
 				)
 
-				info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, tempoOrgID)
+				info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
 
-				if !ready(info, now) {
+				if !traceIsReady(info, now, startTime,
+					config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, config.tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration) {
 					continue
 				}
 
-				client := httpclient.New(tempoQueryURL, tempoOrgID)
-
 				// query a tag we expect the trace to be found within
-				searchMetrics, err := searchTag(client, seed)
+				searchMetrics, err := searchTag(httpClient, seed, config, l)
 				if err != nil {
 					metricErrorTotal.Inc()
-					log.Error("search tag for metrics failed",
+					logger.Error("search tag for metrics failed",
 						zap.Error(err),
 					)
 				}
 				pushMetrics(searchMetrics)
 
 				// traceql query
-				traceqlSearchMetrics, err := searchTraceql(client, seed)
+				traceqlSearchMetrics, err := searchTraceql(httpClient, seed, config, l)
 				if err != nil {
 					metricErrorTotal.Inc()
-					log.Error("traceql query for metrics failed",
+					logger.Error("traceql query for metrics failed",
 						zap.Error(err),
 					)
 				}
@@ -227,46 +308,6 @@ func main() {
 			}
 		}()
 	}
-
-	http.Handle(prometheusPath, promhttp.Handler())
-	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(prometheusListenAddress, nil))
-}
-
-func queueFutureBatches(client *jaeger_grpc.Reporter, info *util.TraceInfo) {
-	if info.LongWritesRemaining() == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	log := logger.With(
-		zap.String("org_id", tempoOrgID),
-		zap.String("write_trace_id", info.HexID()),
-		zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
-		zap.Int64("longWritesRemaining", info.LongWritesRemaining()),
-	)
-	log.Info("queueing future batches")
-
-	info.Done()
-
-	go func() {
-		time.Sleep(tempoLongWriteBackoffDuration)
-
-		log := logger.With(
-			zap.String("org_id", tempoOrgID),
-			zap.String("write_trace_id", info.HexID()),
-			zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
-			zap.Int64("longWritesRemaining", info.LongWritesRemaining()),
-		)
-		log.Info("sending trace")
-
-		err := info.EmitBatches(client)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("failed to queue batches",
-				zap.Error(err),
-			)
-		}
-
-		queueFutureBatches(client, info)
-	}()
 }
 
 func pushMetrics(metrics traceMetrics) {
@@ -294,27 +335,19 @@ func selectPastTimestamp(start, stop time.Time, interval, retention time.Duratio
 	return newStart.Round(interval), ts.Round(interval)
 }
 
-func getGRPCEndpoint(endpoint string) (string, error) {
-	u, err := url.Parse(endpoint)
+func newJaegerGRPCClient(config vultureConfiguration, logger *zap.Logger) (*jaeger_grpc.Reporter, error) {
+	endpoint, err := getGRPCEndpoint(config.tempoPushURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	dialAddress := u.Host
-
-	if u.Port() == "" {
-		dialAddress = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", dialAddress, defaultJaegerGRPCEndpoint)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return dialAddress, nil
-}
 
-func newJaegerGRPCClient(endpoint string) (*jaeger_grpc.Reporter, error) {
 	logger.Info("dialing grpc",
 		zap.String("endpoint", endpoint),
 	)
 
 	var dialOpts []grpc.DialOption
 
-	if tempoPushTLS {
+	if config.tempoPushTLS {
 		dialOpts = []grpc.DialOption{
 			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(&tls.Config{
 				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
@@ -325,27 +358,48 @@ func newJaegerGRPCClient(endpoint string) (*jaeger_grpc.Reporter, error) {
 			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
 		}
 	}
-
 	// new jaeger grpc exporter
 	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(endpoint, dialOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return jaeger_grpc.NewReporter(conn, nil, logger), err
+	return jaeger_grpc.NewReporter(conn, nil, logger), nil
 }
 
 func generateRandomInt(min, max int64, r *rand.Rand) int64 {
 	min++
-	number := min + r.Int63n(max-min)
+	var duration int64
+	duration = 1
+	// This is to prevent a panic when min == max since subtracting them will end in a negative number
+	if min < max {
+		duration = max - min
+	}
+	number := min + r.Int63n(duration)
 	return number
 }
 
-func searchTag(client *httpclient.Client, seed time.Time) (traceMetrics, error) {
+func traceInTraces(traceID string, traces []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata) bool {
+	for _, t := range traces {
+		equal, err := util.EqualHexStringTraceIDs(t.TraceID, traceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("error comparing trace IDs", zap.Error(err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if equal {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func searchTag(client httpclient.HTTPClient, seed time.Time, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) (traceMetrics, error) {
 	tm := traceMetrics{
 		requested: 1,
 	}
 
-	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, tempoOrgID)
+	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
 	hexID := info.HexID()
 
 	// Get the expected
@@ -355,29 +409,13 @@ func searchTag(client *httpclient.Client, seed time.Time) (traceMetrics, error)
 		return traceMetrics{}, err
 	}
 
-	traceInTraces := func(traceID string, traces []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata) bool {
-		for _, t := range traces {
-			equal, err := util.EqualHexStringTraceIDs(t.TraceID, traceID)
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.Error("error comparing trace IDs", zap.Error(err))
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if equal {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false
-	}
-
 	attr := util.RandomAttrFromTrace(expected)
 	if attr == nil {
 		tm.notFoundSearchAttribute++
 		return tm, fmt.Errorf("no search attr selected from trace")
 	}
 
-	logger := logger.With(
+	logger := l.With(
 		zap.Int64("seed", seed.Unix()),
 		zap.String("hexID", hexID),
 		zap.Duration("ago", time.Since(seed)),
@@ -405,44 +443,28 @@ func searchTag(client *httpclient.Client, seed time.Time) (traceMetrics, error)
 	return tm, nil
 }
 
-func searchTraceql(client *httpclient.Client, seed time.Time) (traceMetrics, error) {
+func searchTraceql(client httpclient.HTTPClient, seed time.Time, config vultureConfiguration, l *zap.Logger) (traceMetrics, error) {
 	tm := traceMetrics{
 		requested: 1,
 	}
 
-	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, tempoOrgID)
+	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
 	hexID := info.HexID()
 
 	// Get the expected
 	expected, err := info.ConstructTraceFromEpoch()
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Error("unable to construct trace from epoch", zap.Error(err))
+		l.Error("unable to construct trace from epoch", zap.Error(err))
 		return traceMetrics{}, err
 	}
 
-	traceInTraces := func(traceID string, traces []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata) bool {
-		for _, t := range traces {
-			equal, err := util.EqualHexStringTraceIDs(t.TraceID, traceID)
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.Error("error comparing trace IDs", zap.Error(err))
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if equal {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false
-	}
-
 	attr := util.RandomAttrFromTrace(expected)
 	if attr == nil {
 		tm.notFoundSearchAttribute++
 		return tm, fmt.Errorf("no search attr selected from trace")
 	}
 
-	logger := logger.With(
+	logger := l.With(
 		zap.Int64("seed", seed.Unix()),
 		zap.String("hexID", hexID),
 		zap.Duration("ago", time.Since(seed)),
@@ -468,14 +490,14 @@ func searchTraceql(client *httpclient.Client, seed time.Time) (traceMetrics, err
 	return tm, nil
 }
 
-func queryTrace(client *httpclient.Client, info *util.TraceInfo) (traceMetrics, error) {
+func queryTrace(client httpclient.HTTPClient, info *util.TraceInfo, l *zap.Logger) (traceMetrics, error) {
 	tm := traceMetrics{
 		requested: 1,
 	}
 
 	hexID := info.HexID()
 
-	logger := logger.With(
+	logger := l.With(
 		zap.Int64("seed", info.Timestamp().Unix()),
 		zap.String("hexID", hexID),
 		zap.Duration("ago", time.Since(info.Timestamp())),
diff --git a/cmd/tempo-vulture/main_test.go b/cmd/tempo-vulture/main_test.go
index 7f3cd58dbdb..b79b91757e3 100644
--- a/cmd/tempo-vulture/main_test.go
+++ b/cmd/tempo-vulture/main_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
+	"errors"
+	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -11,8 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/jsonpb"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb"
+	v1_common "github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb/common/v1"
 	v1 "github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb/trace/v1"
 	"github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/util"
 )
@@ -88,7 +91,6 @@ func TestResponseFixture(t *testing.T) {
 	marshaller := &jsonpb.Marshaler{}
 	err = marshaller.Marshal(&jsonTrace, generatedTrace)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	fmt.Println(jsonTrace.String())
 
 	assert.True(t, equalTraces(expected, generatedTrace))
 
@@ -112,6 +114,521 @@ func TestEqualTraces(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, equalTraces(a, b))
 }
 
+func TestInitTickers(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                                        string
+		writeDuration, readDuration, searchDuration time.Duration
+		expectedWriteTicker                         bool
+		expectedReadTicker                          bool
+		expectedSearchTicker                        bool
+		expectedError                               string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                 "Valid write and read durations",
+			writeDuration:        1 * time.Second,
+			readDuration:         2 * time.Second,
+			searchDuration:       0,
+			expectedWriteTicker:  true,
+			expectedReadTicker:   true,
+			expectedSearchTicker: false,
+			expectedError:        "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "Invalid write duration (zero)",
+			writeDuration:        0,
+			readDuration:         0,
+			searchDuration:       0,
+			expectedWriteTicker:  false,
+			expectedReadTicker:   false,
+			expectedSearchTicker: false,
+			expectedError:        "tempo-write-backoff-duration must be greater than 0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "No read durations set",
+			writeDuration:        1 * time.Second,
+			readDuration:         0,
+			searchDuration:       1 * time.Second,
+			expectedWriteTicker:  true,
+			expectedReadTicker:   false,
+			expectedSearchTicker: true,
+			expectedError:        "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "No read or search durations set",
+			writeDuration:        1 * time.Second,
+			readDuration:         0,
+			searchDuration:       0,
+			expectedWriteTicker:  false,
+			expectedReadTicker:   false,
+			expectedSearchTicker: false,
+			expectedError:        "at least one of tempo-search-backoff-duration or tempo-read-backoff-duration must be set",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tickerWrite, tickerRead, tickerSearch, err := initTickers(tt.writeDuration, tt.readDuration, tt.searchDuration)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedWriteTicker, tickerWrite != nil, "TickerWrite")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedReadTicker, tickerRead != nil, "TickerRead")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedSearchTicker, tickerSearch != nil, "TickerSearch")
+
+			if tt.expectedError != "" {
+				assert.NotNil(t, err, "Expected error but got nil")
+				assert.EqualError(t, err, tt.expectedError, "Error message mismatch")
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, err, "Expected no error but got one")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTraceIsReady(t *testing.T) {
+	writeBackoff := 1 * time.Second
+	longWriteBackoff := 5 * time.Second
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	ti := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+
+	startTime := time.Date(2009, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	ready := traceIsReady(ti, time.Now(), startTime, writeBackoff, longWriteBackoff)
+
+	assert.False(t, ready, "trace should not be ready yet")
+
+	startTime = time.Date(2007, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	ready = traceIsReady(ti, seed.Add(2*longWriteBackoff), startTime, writeBackoff, longWriteBackoff)
+	assert.True(t, ready, "trace should be ready now")
+}
+
+func TestDoWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	mockJaegerClient := MockReporter{err: nil}
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	doWrite(&mockJaegerClient, ticker, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, config, logger)
+
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	ticker.Stop()
+	assert.Greater(t, len(mockJaegerClient.GetEmittedBatches()), 0)
+}
+
+func TestDoWriteWithError(t *testing.T) {
+	mockJaegerClient := MockReporter{err: errors.New("an error")}
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	doWrite(&mockJaegerClient, ticker, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, config, logger)
+	ticker.Stop()
+	assert.Equal(t, len(mockJaegerClient.GetEmittedBatches()), 0)
+}
+
+func TestQueueFutureBatches(t *testing.T) {
+	mockJaegerClient := MockReporter{err: nil}
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second * 0,
+	}
+
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfoWithMaxLongWrites(seed, 1, "test")
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	queueFutureBatches(&mockJaegerClient, traceInfo, config, logger)
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	require.Greater(t, len(mockJaegerClient.GetEmittedBatches()), 0)
+
+	// Assert an error
+	mockJaegerClient = MockReporter{err: errors.New("an error")}
+
+	queueFutureBatches(&mockJaegerClient, traceInfo, config, logger)
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	require.Equal(t, len(mockJaegerClient.batchesEmitted), 0)
+}
+
+type traceOps func(*tempopb.Trace)
+
+func TestQueryTrace(t *testing.T) {
+	noOp := func(_ *tempopb.Trace) {}
+	setMissingSpan := func(trace *tempopb.Trace) {
+		trace.Batches[0].ScopeSpans[0].Spans[0].ParentSpanId = []byte{'t', 'e', 's', 't'}
+	}
+	setNoBatchesSpan := func(trace *tempopb.Trace) {
+		trace.Batches = make([]*v1.ResourceSpans, 0)
+	}
+	setAlteredSpan := func(trace *tempopb.Trace) {
+		trace.Batches[0].ScopeSpans[0].Spans[0].Name = "Different spam"
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		traceOperation  func(*tempopb.Trace)
+		err             error
+		expectedMetrics traceMetrics
+		expectedError   error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace yields an unexpected error",
+			traceOperation: noOp,
+			err:            errors.New("unexpected error"),
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested:     1,
+				requestFailed: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: errors.New("unexpected error"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace yields traceNotFound error",
+			traceOperation: noOp,
+			err:            util.ErrTraceNotFound,
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested:    1,
+				notFoundByID: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: util.ErrTraceNotFound,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace for ok trace",
+			traceOperation: noOp,
+			err:            nil,
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace for a trace with missing spans",
+			traceOperation: setMissingSpan,
+			err:            nil,
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested:    1,
+				missingSpans: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace for a trace without batches",
+			traceOperation: setNoBatchesSpan,
+			err:            nil,
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested:    1,
+				notFoundByID: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "assert querytrace for a trace different than the ingested one",
+			traceOperation: setAlteredSpan,
+			err:            nil,
+			expectedMetrics: traceMetrics{
+				requested:       1,
+				incorrectResult: 1,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			metrics, err := doQueryTrace(tt.traceOperation, tt.err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedMetrics, metrics)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedError, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func doQueryTrace(f traceOps, err error) (traceMetrics, error) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+
+	trace, _ := traceInfo.ConstructTraceFromEpoch()
+
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: err, traceResp: trace}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	f(trace)
+	return queryTrace(&mockHTTPClient, traceInfo, logger)
+}
+
+func TestDoReadWhenTickerIsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+
+	trace, _ := traceInfo.ConstructTraceFromEpoch()
+	startTime := time.Date(2007, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil, traceResp: trace}
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	// Assert ticker is nil
+	doRead(&mockHTTPClient, nil, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mockHTTPClient.GetRequestsCount())
+}
+
+func TestDoReadForAnOkRead(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+
+	trace, _ := traceInfo.ConstructTraceFromEpoch()
+	startTime := time.Date(2007, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil, traceResp: trace}
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	// Assert an ok read
+	doRead(&mockHTTPClient, ticker, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	ticker.Stop()
+	assert.Greater(t, mockHTTPClient.GetRequestsCount(), 0)
+}
+
+func TestDoReadForAnErroredRead(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+
+	trace, _ := traceInfo.ConstructTraceFromEpoch()
+	startTime := time.Date(2007, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	// Assert a read with errors
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: errors.New("an error"), traceResp: trace}
+	doRead(&mockHTTPClient, ticker, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mockHTTPClient.GetRequestsCount())
+}
+
+func TestSearchTraceql(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
+	hexID := info.HexID()
+
+	searchResponse := []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata{
+		{
+			SpanSets: []*tempopb.SpanSet{
+				{
+					Spans: []*tempopb.Span{
+						{
+							SpanID:            hexID,
+							StartTimeUnixNano: 1000000000000,
+							DurationNanos:     1000000000,
+							Name:              "",
+							Attributes: []*v1_common.KeyValue{
+								{Key: "foo", Value: &v1_common.AnyValue{Value: &v1_common.AnyValue_StringValue{StringValue: "Bar"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil, searchResponse: searchResponse}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	metrics, err := searchTraceql(&mockHTTPClient, seed, config, logger)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, traceMetrics{
+		requested:       1,
+		notFoundTraceQL: 1,
+	}, metrics)
+
+	mockHTTPClient = MockHTTPClient{err: errors.New("something wrong happened"), searchResponse: searchResponse}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	metrics, err = searchTraceql(&mockHTTPClient, seed, config, logger)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, traceMetrics{
+		requested:     1,
+		requestFailed: 1,
+	}, metrics)
+}
+
+func TestSearchTag(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	info := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, config.tempoOrgID)
+	hexID := info.HexID()
+
+	searchResponse := []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata{
+		{
+			SpanSets: []*tempopb.SpanSet{
+				{
+					Spans: []*tempopb.Span{
+						{
+							SpanID:            hexID,
+							StartTimeUnixNano: 1000000000000,
+							DurationNanos:     1000000000,
+							Name:              "",
+							Attributes: []*v1_common.KeyValue{
+								{Key: "foo", Value: &v1_common.AnyValue{Value: &v1_common.AnyValue_StringValue{StringValue: "Bar"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil, searchResponse: searchResponse}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	metrics, err := searchTag(&mockHTTPClient, seed, config, logger)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, traceMetrics{
+		requested:      1,
+		notFoundSearch: 1,
+	}, metrics)
+
+	mockHTTPClient = MockHTTPClient{err: errors.New("something wrong happened"), searchResponse: searchResponse}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	metrics, err = searchTag(&mockHTTPClient, seed, config, logger)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, traceMetrics{
+		requested:     1,
+		requestFailed: 1,
+	}, metrics)
+}
+
+func TestDoSearch(t *testing.T) {
+	seed := time.Date(2008, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	traceInfo := util.NewTraceInfo(seed, "test")
+	startTime := time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID: "orgID",
+		// This is a hack to ensure the trace is "ready"
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: -time.Hour * 10000,
+		tempoRetentionDuration:    time.Second * 10,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	searchResponse := []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata{
+		{
+			SpanSets: []*tempopb.SpanSet{
+				{
+					Spans: []*tempopb.Span{
+						{
+							SpanID:            traceInfo.HexID(),
+							StartTimeUnixNano: 1000000000000,
+							DurationNanos:     1000000000,
+							Name:              "",
+							Attributes: []*v1_common.KeyValue{
+								{Key: "foo", Value: &v1_common.AnyValue{Value: &v1_common.AnyValue_StringValue{StringValue: "Bar"}}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil, searchResponse: searchResponse}
+
+	doSearch(&mockHTTPClient, ticker, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	ticker.Stop()
+	assert.Greater(t, mockHTTPClient.GetSearchesCount(), 0)
+}
+
+func TestDoSearchWhenTickerIsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	startTime := time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID: "orgID",
+		// This is a hack to ensure the trace is "ready"
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: -time.Hour * 10000,
+		tempoRetentionDuration:    time.Second * 10,
+	}
+
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: nil}
+	doSearch(&mockHTTPClient, nil, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+	assert.Equal(t, mockHTTPClient.GetSearchesCount(), 0)
+}
+
+func TestDoSearchOnSearchError(t *testing.T) {
+	startTime := time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Define the configuration
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID: "orgID",
+		// This is a hack to ensure the trace is "ready"
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: -time.Hour * 10000,
+		tempoRetentionDuration:    time.Second * 10,
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(startTime.Unix()))
+
+	logger = zap.NewNop()
+
+	// Assert an errored search
+	mockHTTPClient := MockHTTPClient{err: errors.New("an error")}
+
+	doSearch(&mockHTTPClient, ticker, startTime, config.tempoWriteBackoffDuration, r, config, logger)
+	ticker.Stop()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, mockHTTPClient.searchesCount, 0)
+}
+
 func TestGetGrpcEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := getGRPCEndpoint("http://%gh&%ij")
 	require.Error(t, err)
@@ -124,3 +641,36 @@ func TestGetGrpcEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "localhost:14250", got, "Address without a port should be defaulted to 14250")
 }
+
+func TestNewJaegerGRPCClient(t *testing.T) {
+	config := vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+		tempoPushURL:              "http://localhost",
+	}
+	client, err := newJaegerGRPCClient(config, zap.NewNop())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, client)
+
+	config = vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+		tempoPushTLS:              true,
+		tempoPushURL:              "http://localhost",
+	}
+	client, err = newJaegerGRPCClient(config, zap.NewNop())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, client)
+
+	config = vultureConfiguration{
+		tempoOrgID:                "orgID",
+		tempoWriteBackoffDuration: time.Second,
+		tempoPushURL:              "http://%gh&%ij",
+	}
+	client, err = newJaegerGRPCClient(config, zap.NewNop())
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, client)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/tempo-vulture/mocks.go b/cmd/tempo-vulture/mocks.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dac2fb004c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/tempo-vulture/mocks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+
+	userconfigurableoverrides "github.com/grafana/tempo/modules/overrides/userconfigurable/client"
+	thrift "github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/thrift-gen/jaeger"
+	"github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/thrift-gen/zipkincore"
+
+	"github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb"
+)
+
+type MockReporter struct {
+	err            error
+	batchesEmitted []*thrift.Batch
+	// We need the lock to control concurrent accesses to batchesEmitted
+	m sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func (r *MockReporter) EmitZipkinBatch(_ context.Context, _ []*zipkincore.Span) error {
+	return r.err
+}
+
+func (r *MockReporter) EmitBatch(_ context.Context, b *thrift.Batch) error {
+	if r.err == nil {
+		r.m.Lock()
+		defer r.m.Unlock()
+		r.batchesEmitted = append(r.batchesEmitted, b)
+	}
+
+	return r.err
+}
+
+func (r *MockReporter) GetEmittedBatches() []*thrift.Batch {
+	r.m.Lock()
+	defer r.m.Unlock()
+	return r.batchesEmitted
+}
+
+type MockHTTPClient struct {
+	err            error
+	resp           http.Response
+	traceResp      *tempopb.Trace
+	requestsCount  int
+	searchResponse []*tempopb.TraceSearchMetadata
+	searchesCount  int
+	// We need the lock to control concurrent accesses to shared variables in the tests
+	m sync.Mutex
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) DeleteOverrides(version string) error {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) Do(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return &m.resp, m.err
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) GetOverrides() (*userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, string, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) MetricsSummary(query string, groupBy string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SpanMetricsSummaryResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) PatchOverrides(limits *userconfigurableoverrides.Limits) (*userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, string, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) QueryTrace(id string) (*tempopb.Trace, error) {
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	m.m.Lock()
+	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	m.requestsCount++
+	return m.traceResp, m.err
+}
+
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) GetRequestsCount() int {
+	m.m.Lock()
+	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	return m.requestsCount
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) Search(tags string) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagValues(key string) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagValuesV2(key string, query string) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesV2Response, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagValuesV2WithRange(tag string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesV2Response, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTags() (*tempopb.SearchTagsResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagsV2() (*tempopb.SearchTagsV2Response, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagsV2WithRange(start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagsV2Response, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTagsWithRange(start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagsResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTraceQL(query string) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchTraceQLWithRange(query string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error) {
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+
+	m.m.Lock()
+	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	traceQlSearchResponse := &tempopb.SearchResponse{
+		Traces: m.searchResponse,
+	}
+	m.searchesCount++
+	return traceQlSearchResponse, m.err
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SearchWithRange(tags string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error) {
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	m.m.Lock()
+	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	traceQlSearchResponse := &tempopb.SearchResponse{
+		Traces: m.searchResponse,
+	}
+
+	m.searchesCount++
+	return traceQlSearchResponse, m.err
+}
+
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) GetSearchesCount() int {
+	m.m.Lock()
+	defer m.m.Unlock()
+	return m.searchesCount
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) SetOverrides(limits *userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, version string) (string, error) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
+
+//nolint:all
+func (m *MockHTTPClient) WithTransport(t http.RoundTripper) {
+	panic("unimplemented")
+}
diff --git a/pkg/httpclient/client.go b/pkg/httpclient/client.go
index 23c10ce9612..456fdb9cfe8 100644
--- a/pkg/httpclient/client.go
+++ b/pkg/httpclient/client.go
@@ -33,6 +33,28 @@ const (
 	applicationJSON     = "application/json"
 )
 
+type HTTPClient interface {
+	WithTransport(t http.RoundTripper)
+	Do(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+	SearchTags() (*tempopb.SearchTagsResponse, error)
+	SearchTagsV2() (*tempopb.SearchTagsV2Response, error)
+	SearchTagsWithRange(start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagsResponse, error)
+	SearchTagsV2WithRange(start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagsV2Response, error)
+	SearchTagValues(key string) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesResponse, error)
+	SearchTagValuesV2(key, query string) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesV2Response, error)
+	SearchTagValuesV2WithRange(tag string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchTagValuesV2Response, error)
+	Search(tags string) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error)
+	SearchWithRange(tags string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error)
+	QueryTrace(id string) (*tempopb.Trace, error)
+	SearchTraceQL(query string) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error)
+	SearchTraceQLWithRange(query string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SearchResponse, error)
+	MetricsSummary(query string, groupBy string, start int64, end int64) (*tempopb.SpanMetricsSummaryResponse, error)
+	GetOverrides() (*userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, string, error)
+	SetOverrides(limits *userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, version string) (string, error)
+	PatchOverrides(limits *userconfigurableoverrides.Limits) (*userconfigurableoverrides.Limits, string, error)
+	DeleteOverrides(version string) error
+}
+
 var ErrNotFound = errors.New("resource not found")
 
 // Client is client to the Tempo API.
diff --git a/pkg/util/trace_info.go b/pkg/util/trace_info.go
index 3af8d5c0cd4..4717c97b444 100644
--- a/pkg/util/trace_info.go
+++ b/pkg/util/trace_info.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/dskit/user"
-	jaeger_grpc "github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/cmd/agent/app/reporter/grpc"
 	thrift "github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/thrift-gen/jaeger"
+	zipkincore "github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/thrift-gen/zipkincore"
 	jaegerTrans "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pkg/translator/jaeger"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/ptrace"
 
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ type TraceInfo struct {
 	tempoOrgID          string
 }
 
+// JaegerClient is an interface used to mock the underlying client in tests.
+type JaegerClient interface {
+	EmitBatch(ctx context.Context, b *thrift.Batch) error
+	EmitZipkinBatch(ctx context.Context, zSpans []*zipkincore.Span) error
+}
+
 // NewTraceInfo is used to produce a new TraceInfo.
 func NewTraceInfo(timestamp time.Time, tempoOrgID string) *TraceInfo {
 	r := newRand(timestamp)
@@ -51,6 +57,19 @@ func NewTraceInfo(timestamp time.Time, tempoOrgID string) *TraceInfo {
 	}
 }
 
+func NewTraceInfoWithMaxLongWrites(timestamp time.Time, maxLongWrites int64, tempoOrgID string) *TraceInfo {
+	r := newRand(timestamp)
+
+	return &TraceInfo{
+		timestamp:           timestamp,
+		r:                   r,
+		traceIDHigh:         r.Int63(),
+		traceIDLow:          r.Int63(),
+		longWritesRemaining: maxLongWrites,
+		tempoOrgID:          tempoOrgID,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *TraceInfo) Ready(now time.Time, writeBackoff, longWriteBackoff time.Duration) bool {
 	// Don't use the last time interval to allow the write loop to finish before
 	// we try to read it.
@@ -58,7 +77,7 @@ func (t *TraceInfo) Ready(now time.Time, writeBackoff, longWriteBackoff time.Dur
 		return false
 	}
 
-	// Compare a new instance with the same timstamp to know how many longWritesRemaining.
+	// Compare a new instance with the same timestamp to know how many longWritesRemaining.
 	totalWrites := NewTraceInfo(t.timestamp, t.tempoOrgID).longWritesRemaining
 	// We are not ready if not all writes have had a chance to send.
 	lastWrite := t.timestamp.Add(time.Duration(totalWrites) * longWriteBackoff)
@@ -85,7 +104,7 @@ func (t *TraceInfo) Done() {
 	t.longWritesRemaining--
 }
 
-func (t *TraceInfo) EmitBatches(c *jaeger_grpc.Reporter) error {
+func (t *TraceInfo) EmitBatches(c JaegerClient) error {
 	for i := int64(0); i < t.generateRandomInt(1, maxBatchesPerWrite); i++ {
 		ctx := user.InjectOrgID(context.Background(), t.tempoOrgID)
 		ctx, err := user.InjectIntoGRPCRequest(ctx)
@@ -104,7 +123,7 @@ func (t *TraceInfo) EmitBatches(c *jaeger_grpc.Reporter) error {
 
 // EmitAllBatches sends all the batches that would normally be sent at some
 // interval when using EmitBatches.
-func (t *TraceInfo) EmitAllBatches(c *jaeger_grpc.Reporter) error {
+func (t *TraceInfo) EmitAllBatches(c JaegerClient) error {
 	err := t.EmitBatches(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err