diff --git a/docs/source/filters/date.md b/docs/source/filters/date.md
index 24e66e17ae..c38de7ddca 100644
--- a/docs/source/filters/date.md
+++ b/docs/source/filters/date.md
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@ title: date
 Date filter is used to convert a timestamp into the specified format.
 
 * LiquidJS tries to conform to Shopify/Liquid, which uses Ruby's core [Time#strftime(string)](https://www.ruby-doc.org/core/Time.html#method-i-strftime). There're differences with [Ruby's format flags](https://ruby-doc.org/core/strftime_formatting_rdoc.html):
-  * `%Z` (since v10.11.1) works when there's a passed-in timezone name from `LiquidOption` or in-place value (see TimeZone below). If passed-in timezone is an offset number instead of string, it'll behave like `%z`. If there's none passed-in timezone, it returns [the runtime's default time zone](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/DateTimeFormat/resolvedOptions#timezone).
+  * `%Z` (since v10.11.1) is replaced by the passed-in timezone name from `LiquidOption` or in-place value (see TimeZone below). If passed-in timezone is an offset number instead of string, it'll behave like `%z`. If there's none passed-in timezone, it returns [the runtime's default time zone](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/DateTimeFormat/resolvedOptions#timezone).
   * LiquidJS provides an additional `%q` flag for date ordinals. e.g. `{{ '2023/02/02' | date: '%d%q of %b'}}` => `02nd of Feb`
 * Date literals are firstly converted to `Date` object via [new Date()][jsDate], that means literal values are considered in runtime's time zone by default.
 * The format filter argument is optional:
     * If not provided, it defaults to `%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z`.
     * The above default can be overridden by [`dateFormat`](/api/interfaces/LiquidOptions.html#dateFormat) LiquidJS option.
+* LiquidJS `date` supports locale specific weekdays and month names, which will fallback to English where `Intl` is not supported.
+    * Ordinals (`%q`) and Jekyll specific date filters are English-only.
+    * [`locale`](/api/interfaces/LiquidOptions.html#locale) can be set when creating Liquid instance. Defaults to `Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions.locale`).
 
 ### Examples
 ```liquid
diff --git a/src/context/context.ts b/src/context/context.ts
index 2c331340c6..50bb168475 100644
--- a/src/context/context.ts
+++ b/src/context/context.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export class Context {
     this.strictVariables = renderOptions.strictVariables ?? this.opts.strictVariables
     this.ownPropertyOnly = renderOptions.ownPropertyOnly ?? opts.ownPropertyOnly
     this.memoryLimit = memoryLimit ?? new Limiter('memory alloc', renderOptions.memoryLimit ?? opts.memoryLimit)
-    this.renderLimit = renderLimit ?? new Limiter('template render', performance.now() + (renderOptions.templateLimit ?? opts.renderLimit))
+    this.renderLimit = renderLimit ?? new Limiter('template render', performance.now() + (renderOptions.renderLimit ?? opts.renderLimit))
   }
   public getRegister (key: string) {
     return (this.registers[key] = this.registers[key] || {})
diff --git a/src/filters/array.ts b/src/filters/array.ts
index d9a392733d..8d716a88b0 100644
--- a/src/filters/array.ts
+++ b/src/filters/array.ts
@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ export function * find<T extends object> (this: FilterImpl, arr: T[], property:
     const value = yield evalToken(token, this.context.spawn(item))
     if (equals(value, expected)) return item
   }
-  return null
 }
 
 export function * find_exp<T extends object> (this: FilterImpl, arr: T[], itemName: string, exp: string): IterableIterator<unknown> {
@@ -185,7 +184,6 @@ export function * find_exp<T extends object> (this: FilterImpl, arr: T[], itemNa
     const value = yield predicate.value(this.context.spawn({ [itemName]: item }))
     if (value) return item
   }
-  return null
 }
 
 export function uniq<T> (this: FilterImpl, arr: T[]): T[] {
diff --git a/src/filters/date.ts b/src/filters/date.ts
index 9a346f86d2..5f86178cef 100644
--- a/src/filters/date.ts
+++ b/src/filters/date.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { toValue, stringify, isString, isNumber, TimezoneDate, LiquidDate, strftime, isNil } from '../util'
+import { toValue, stringify, isString, isNumber, LiquidDate, strftime, isNil } from '../util'
 import { FilterImpl } from '../template'
-import { LiquidOptions } from '../liquid-options'
+import { NormalizedFullOptions } from '../liquid-options'
 
 export function date (this: FilterImpl, v: string | Date, format?: string, timezoneOffset?: number | string) {
   const size = ((v as string)?.length ?? 0) + (format?.length ?? 0) + ((timezoneOffset as string)?.length ?? 0)
@@ -40,33 +40,25 @@ function stringify_date (this: FilterImpl, v: string | Date, month_type: string,
   return strftime(date, `%d ${month_type} %Y`)
 }
 
-function parseDate (v: string | Date, opts: LiquidOptions, timezoneOffset?: number | string): LiquidDate | undefined {
-  let date: LiquidDate
+function parseDate (v: string | Date, opts: NormalizedFullOptions, timezoneOffset?: number | string): LiquidDate | undefined {
+  let date: LiquidDate | undefined
+  const defaultTimezoneOffset = timezoneOffset ?? opts.timezoneOffset
+  const locale = opts.locale
   v = toValue(v)
   if (v === 'now' || v === 'today') {
-    date = new Date()
+    date = new LiquidDate(Date.now(), locale, defaultTimezoneOffset)
   } else if (isNumber(v)) {
-    date = new Date(v * 1000)
+    date = new LiquidDate(v * 1000, locale, defaultTimezoneOffset)
   } else if (isString(v)) {
     if (/^\d+$/.test(v)) {
-      date = new Date(+v * 1000)
-    } else if (opts.preserveTimezones) {
-      date = TimezoneDate.createDateFixedToTimezone(v)
+      date = new LiquidDate(+v * 1000, locale, defaultTimezoneOffset)
+    } else if (opts.preserveTimezones && timezoneOffset === undefined) {
+      date = LiquidDate.createDateFixedToTimezone(v, locale)
     } else {
-      date = new Date(v)
+      date = new LiquidDate(v, locale, defaultTimezoneOffset)
     }
   } else {
-    date = v
+    date = new LiquidDate(v, locale, defaultTimezoneOffset)
   }
-  if (!isValidDate(date)) return
-  if (timezoneOffset !== undefined) {
-    date = new TimezoneDate(date, timezoneOffset)
-  } else if (!(date instanceof TimezoneDate) && opts.timezoneOffset !== undefined) {
-    date = new TimezoneDate(date, opts.timezoneOffset)
-  }
-  return date
-}
-
-function isValidDate (date: any): date is Date {
-  return (date instanceof Date || date instanceof TimezoneDate) && !isNaN(date.getTime())
+  return date.valid() ? date : undefined
 }
diff --git a/src/fs/loader.ts b/src/fs/loader.ts
index 86decd36b9..cb59041b1e 100644
--- a/src/fs/loader.ts
+++ b/src/fs/loader.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export class Loader {
       const rRelativePath = new RegExp(['.' + sep, '..' + sep, './', '../'].map(prefix => escapeRegex(prefix)).join('|'))
       this.shouldLoadRelative = (referencedFile: string) => rRelativePath.test(referencedFile)
     } else {
-      this.shouldLoadRelative = (referencedFile: string) => false
+      this.shouldLoadRelative = (_referencedFile: string) => false
     }
     this.contains = this.options.fs.contains || (() => true)
   }
diff --git a/src/fs/map-fs.spec.ts b/src/fs/map-fs.spec.ts
index c0c4ea3545..587ab08c40 100644
--- a/src/fs/map-fs.spec.ts
+++ b/src/fs/map-fs.spec.ts
@@ -2,25 +2,38 @@ import { MapFS } from './map-fs'
 
 describe('MapFS', () => {
   const fs = new MapFS({})
-  it('should resolve relative file paths', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', 'coo', '')).toEqual('foo/bar/coo')
+  describe('#resolve()', () => {
+    it('should resolve relative file paths', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', 'coo', '')).toEqual('foo/bar/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve to parent', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve to root', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../../coo', '')).toEqual('coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve exceeding root', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../../../coo', '')).toEqual('coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve from absolute path', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('/foo/bar', '../../coo', '')).toEqual('/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve exceeding root from absolute path', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('/foo/bar', '../../../coo', '')).toEqual('/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve from invalid path', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo//bar', '../coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve current path', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '.././coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
+    })
+    it('should resolve invalid path', () => {
+      expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '..//coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
+    })
   })
-  it('should resolve to parent', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
-  })
-  it('should resolve to root', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../../coo', '')).toEqual('coo')
-  })
-  it('should resolve exceeding root', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('foo/bar', '../../../coo', '')).toEqual('coo')
-  })
-  it('should resolve from absolute path', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('/foo/bar', '../../coo', '')).toEqual('/coo')
-  })
-  it('should resolve exceeding root from absolute path', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('/foo/bar', '../../../coo', '')).toEqual('/coo')
-  })
-  it('should resolve from invalid path', () => {
-    expect(fs.resolve('foo//bar', '../coo', '')).toEqual('foo/coo')
+  describe('#.readFileSync()', () => {
+    it('should throw if not exist', () => {
+      expect(() => fs.readFileSync('foo/bar')).toThrow('NOENT: foo/bar')
+    })
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 9e10063066..984d02641d 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* istanbul ignore file */
 export const version = '[VI]{version}[/VI]'
 export * as TypeGuards from './util/type-guards'
-export { toValue, TimezoneDate, createTrie, Trie, toPromise, toValueSync, assert, LiquidError, ParseError, RenderError, UndefinedVariableError, TokenizationError, AssertionError } from './util'
+export { toValue, createTrie, Trie, toPromise, toValueSync, assert, LiquidError, ParseError, RenderError, UndefinedVariableError, TokenizationError, AssertionError } from './util'
 export { Drop } from './drop'
 export { Emitter } from './emitters'
 export { defaultOperators, Operators, evalToken, evalQuotedToken, Expression, isFalsy, isTruthy } from './render'
diff --git a/src/liquid-options.ts b/src/liquid-options.ts
index e76e2b3253..7cea8b4465 100644
--- a/src/liquid-options.ts
+++ b/src/liquid-options.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { assert, isArray, isString, isFunction } from './util'
+import { getDateTimeFormat } from './util/intl'
 import { LRU, LiquidCache } from './cache'
 import { FS, LookupType } from './fs'
 import * as fs from './fs/fs-impl'
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@ export interface LiquidOptions {
   timezoneOffset?: number | string;
   /** Default date format to use if the date filter doesn't include a format. Defaults to `%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z`. */
   dateFormat?: string;
+  /** Default locale, will be used by date filter. Defaults to system locale. */
+  locale?: string;
   /** Strip blank characters (including ` `, `\t`, and `\r`) from the right of tags (`{% %}`) until `\n` (inclusive). Defaults to `false`. */
   trimTagRight?: boolean;
   /** Similar to `trimTagRight`, whereas the `\n` is exclusive. Defaults to `false`. See Whitespace Control for details. */
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ export interface NormalizedFullOptions extends NormalizedOptions {
   ownPropertyOnly: boolean;
   lenientIf: boolean;
   dateFormat: string;
+  locale: string;
   trimTagRight: boolean;
   trimTagLeft: boolean;
   trimOutputRight: boolean;
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@ export const defaultOptions: NormalizedFullOptions = {
   dynamicPartials: true,
   jsTruthy: false,
   dateFormat: '%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z',
+  locale: '',
   trimTagRight: false,
   trimTagLeft: false,
   trimOutputRight: false,
@@ -211,9 +216,9 @@ export function normalize (options: LiquidOptions): NormalizedFullOptions {
   options.partials = normalizeDirectoryList(options.partials)
   options.layouts = normalizeDirectoryList(options.layouts)
   options.outputEscape = options.outputEscape && getOutputEscapeFunction(options.outputEscape)
-  options.parseLimit = options.parseLimit || Infinity
-  options.renderLimit = options.renderLimit || Infinity
-  options.memoryLimit = options.memoryLimit || Infinity
+  if (!options.locale) {
+    options.locale = getDateTimeFormat()?.().resolvedOptions().locale ?? 'en-US'
+  }
   if (options.templates) {
     options.fs = new MapFS(options.templates)
     options.relativeReference = true
diff --git a/src/parser/tokenizer.ts b/src/parser/tokenizer.ts
index cea86d12a3..775a79888a 100644
--- a/src/parser/tokenizer.ts
+++ b/src/parser/tokenizer.ts
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ export class Tokenizer {
     return new HTMLToken(this.input, begin, this.p, this.file)
   }
 
-  readTagToken (options: NormalizedFullOptions = defaultOptions): TagToken {
+  readTagToken (options: NormalizedFullOptions): TagToken {
     const { file, input } = this
     const begin = this.p
     if (this.readToDelimiter(options.tagDelimiterRight) === -1) {
diff --git a/src/tokens/identifier-token.ts b/src/tokens/identifier-token.ts
index 0c44d3b460..a5826888cd 100644
--- a/src/tokens/identifier-token.ts
+++ b/src/tokens/identifier-token.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { Token } from './token'
-import { NUMBER, TYPES, SIGN } from '../util'
 import { TokenKind } from '../parser'
 
 export class IdentifierToken extends Token {
@@ -13,13 +12,4 @@ export class IdentifierToken extends Token {
     super(TokenKind.Word, input, begin, end, file)
     this.content = this.getText()
   }
-  isNumber (allowSign = false) {
-    const begin = allowSign && TYPES[this.input.charCodeAt(this.begin)] & SIGN
-      ? this.begin + 1
-      : this.begin
-    for (let i = begin; i < this.end; i++) {
-      if (!(TYPES[this.input.charCodeAt(i)] & NUMBER)) return false
-    }
-    return true
-  }
 }
diff --git a/src/util/error.spec.ts b/src/util/error.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37248d7073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/error.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { Template } from '../template'
+import { NumberToken } from '../tokens'
+import { LiquidErrors, LiquidError, ParseError, RenderError } from './error'
+
+describe('LiquidError', () => {
+  describe('.is()', () => {
+    it('should return true for a LiquidError instance', () => {
+      const err = new Error('intended')
+      const token = new NumberToken('3', 0, 1)
+      expect(LiquidError.is(new ParseError(err, token))).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+    it('should return false for null', () => {
+      expect(LiquidError.is(null)).toBeFalsy()
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('LiquidErrors', () => {
+  describe('.is()', () => {
+    it('should return true for a LiquidErrors instance', () => {
+      const err = new Error('intended')
+      const token = new NumberToken('3', 0, 1)
+      const error = new ParseError(err, token)
+      expect(LiquidErrors.is(new LiquidErrors([error]))).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe('RenderError', () => {
+  describe('.is()', () => {
+    it('should return true for a RenderError instance', () => {
+      const err = new Error('intended')
+      const tpl = {
+        token: new NumberToken('3', 0, 1),
+        render: () => ''
+      } as any as Template
+      expect(RenderError.is(new RenderError(err, tpl))).toBeTruthy()
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/util/index.ts b/src/util/index.ts
index fc5c2c9b13..42f7c09f4b 100644
--- a/src/util/index.ts
+++ b/src/util/index.ts
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ export * from './type-guards'
 export * from './async'
 export * from './strftime'
 export * from './liquid-date'
-export * from './timezone-date'
 export * from './limiter'
+export * from './intl'
diff --git a/src/util/intl.ts b/src/util/intl.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36fecee498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/intl.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function getDateTimeFormat () {
+  return (typeof Intl !== 'undefined' ? Intl.DateTimeFormat : undefined)
+}
diff --git a/src/util/liquid-date.spec.ts b/src/util/liquid-date.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fda0c23fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/liquid-date.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { LiquidDate } from './liquid-date'
+import { disableIntl } from '../../test/stub/no-intl'
+
+describe('LiquidDate', () => {
+  describe('timezone', () => {
+    it('should respect timezone set to 00:00', () => {
+      const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00', 'en-US', 0)
+      expect(date.getTimezoneOffset()).toBe(0)
+      expect(date.getHours()).toBe(6)
+      expect(date.getMinutes()).toBe(26)
+    })
+    it('should respect timezone set to -06:00', () => {
+      const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00', 'en-US', -360)
+      expect(date.getTimezoneOffset()).toBe(-360)
+      expect(date.getMinutes()).toBe(26)
+    })
+  })
+  it('should support Date as argument', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate(new Date('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00'), 'en-US', 0)
+    expect(date.getHours()).toBe(6)
+  })
+  it('should support .getMilliseconds()', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', 0)
+    expect(date.getMilliseconds()).toBe(1)
+  })
+  it('should support .getDay()', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate('2021-12-07T00:00:00.001+08:00', 'en-US', -480)
+    expect(date.getDay()).toBe(2)
+  })
+  it('should support .toLocaleString()', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T00:00:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', -480)
+    expect(date.toLocaleString('en-US')).toMatch(/8:00:00\sAM$/)
+    expect(date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: 'America/New_York' })).toMatch(/8:00:00\sPM$/)
+    expect(() => date.toLocaleString()).not.toThrow()
+  })
+  it('should support .toLocaleTimeString()', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T00:00:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', -480)
+    expect(date.toLocaleTimeString('en-US')).toMatch(/^8:00:00\sAM$/)
+    expect(() => date.toLocaleDateString()).not.toThrow()
+  })
+  it('should support .toLocaleDateString()', () => {
+    const date = new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', -480)
+    expect(date.toLocaleDateString('en-US')).toBe('10/7/2021')
+    expect(() => date.toLocaleDateString()).not.toThrow()
+  })
+  describe('compatibility', () => {
+    disableIntl()
+    it('should use English months if Intl.DateTimeFormat not supported', () => {
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', -480).getLongMonthName()).toEqual('October')
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'zh-CN', -480).getLongMonthName()).toEqual('October')
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2021-10-06T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'zh-CN', -480).getShortMonthName()).toEqual('Oct')
+    })
+    it('should use English weekdays if Intl.DateTimeFormat not supported', () => {
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2024-07-21T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'en-US', 0).getLongWeekdayName()).toEqual('Sunday')
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2024-07-21T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'zh-CN', -480).getLongWeekdayName()).toEqual('Monday')
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2024-07-21T22:00:00.001+00:00', 'zh-CN', -480).getShortWeekdayName()).toEqual('Mon')
+    })
+    it('should return none for timezone if Intl.DateTimeFormat not supported', () => {
+      expect(new LiquidDate('2024-07-21T22:00:00.001', 'en-US').getTimeZoneName()).toEqual(undefined)
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/util/liquid-date.ts b/src/util/liquid-date.ts
index 8ce2d0ff5d..655b2bfadf 100644
--- a/src/util/liquid-date.ts
+++ b/src/util/liquid-date.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,150 @@
+import { getDateTimeFormat } from './intl'
+import { isString } from './underscore'
+
+// one minute in milliseconds
+const OneMinute = 60000
+const ISO8601_TIMEZONE_PATTERN = /([zZ]|([+-])(\d{2}):(\d{2}))$/
+const monthNames = [
+  'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August',
+  'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'
+]
+const monthNamesShort = monthNames.map(name => name.slice(0, 3))
+const dayNames = [
+  'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'
+]
+const dayNamesShort = dayNames.map(name => name.slice(0, 3))
+
 /**
- * The date interface LiquidJS uses.
- * Basically a subset of JavaScript Date,
- * it's defined abstractly here to allow different implementation
+ * A date implementation with timezone info, just like Ruby date
+ *
+ * Implementation:
+ * - create a Date offset by it's timezone difference, avoiding overriding a bunch of methods
+ * - rewrite getTimezoneOffset() to trick strftime
  */
-export interface LiquidDate {
-  getTime(): number;
-  getMilliseconds(): number;
-  getSeconds(): number;
-  getMinutes(): number;
-  getHours(): number;
-  getDay(): number;
-  getDate(): number;
-  getMonth(): number;
-  getFullYear(): number;
-  getTimezoneOffset(): number;
-  getTimezoneName?(): string;
-  toLocaleTimeString(): string;
-  toLocaleDateString(): string;
+export class LiquidDate {
+  private timezoneOffset: number
+  private timezoneName: string
+  private date: Date
+  private displayDate: Date
+  private DateTimeFormat = getDateTimeFormat()
+  public timezoneFixed: boolean
+  constructor (
+    init: string | number | Date,
+    private locale: string,
+    timezone?: number | string
+  ) {
+    this.date = new Date(init)
+    this.timezoneFixed = timezone !== undefined
+    if (timezone === undefined) {
+      timezone = this.date.getTimezoneOffset()
+    }
+    this.timezoneOffset = isString(timezone) ? LiquidDate.getTimezoneOffset(timezone, this.date) : timezone
+    this.timezoneName = isString(timezone) ? timezone : ''
+
+    const diff = (this.date.getTimezoneOffset() - this.timezoneOffset) * OneMinute
+    const time = this.date.getTime() + diff
+    this.displayDate = new Date(time)
+  }
+
+  getTime () {
+    return this.displayDate.getTime()
+  }
+  getMilliseconds () {
+    return this.displayDate.getMilliseconds()
+  }
+  getSeconds () {
+    return this.displayDate.getSeconds()
+  }
+  getMinutes () {
+    return this.displayDate.getMinutes()
+  }
+  getHours () {
+    return this.displayDate.getHours()
+  }
+  getDay () {
+    return this.displayDate.getDay()
+  }
+  getDate () {
+    return this.displayDate.getDate()
+  }
+  getMonth () {
+    return this.displayDate.getMonth()
+  }
+  getFullYear () {
+    return this.displayDate.getFullYear()
+  }
+  toLocaleString (locale?: string, init?: any) {
+    if (init?.timeZone) {
+      return this.date.toLocaleString(locale, init)
+    }
+    return this.displayDate.toLocaleString(locale, init)
+  }
+  toLocaleTimeString (locale?: string) {
+    return this.displayDate.toLocaleTimeString(locale)
+  }
+  toLocaleDateString (locale?: string) {
+    return this.displayDate.toLocaleDateString(locale)
+  }
+  getTimezoneOffset () {
+    return this.timezoneOffset!
+  }
+  getTimeZoneName () {
+    if (this.timezoneFixed) return this.timezoneName
+    if (!this.DateTimeFormat) return
+    return this.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone
+  }
+  getLongMonthName () {
+    return this.format({ month: 'long' }) ?? monthNames[this.getMonth()]
+  }
+  getShortMonthName () {
+    return this.format({ month: 'short' }) ?? monthNamesShort[this.getMonth()]
+  }
+  getLongWeekdayName () {
+    return this.format({ weekday: 'long' }) ?? dayNames[this.displayDate.getDay()]
+  }
+  getShortWeekdayName () {
+    return this.format({ weekday: 'short' }) ?? dayNamesShort[this.displayDate.getDay()]
+  }
+  valid () {
+    return !isNaN(this.getTime())
+  }
+  private format (options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions) {
+    return this.DateTimeFormat && this.DateTimeFormat(this.locale, options).format(this.displayDate)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Date object fixed to it's declared Timezone. Both
+   * - 2021-08-06T02:29:00.000Z and
+   * - 2021-08-06T02:29:00.000+08:00
+   * will always be displayed as
+   * - 2021-08-06 02:29:00
+   * regardless timezoneOffset in JavaScript realm
+   *
+   * The implementation hack:
+   * Instead of calling `.getMonth()`/`.getUTCMonth()` respect to `preserveTimezones`,
+   * we create a different Date to trick strftime, it's both simpler and more performant.
+   * Given that a template is expected to be parsed fewer times than rendered.
+   */
+  static createDateFixedToTimezone (dateString: string, locale: string): LiquidDate {
+    const m = dateString.match(ISO8601_TIMEZONE_PATTERN)
+    // representing a UTC timestamp
+    if (m && m[1] === 'Z') {
+      return new LiquidDate(+new Date(dateString), locale, 0)
+    }
+    // has a timezone specified
+    if (m && m[2] && m[3] && m[4]) {
+      const [, , sign, hours, minutes] = m
+      const offset = (sign === '+' ? -1 : 1) * (parseInt(hours, 10) * 60 + parseInt(minutes, 10))
+      return new LiquidDate(+new Date(dateString), locale, offset)
+    }
+    return new LiquidDate(dateString, locale)
+  }
+  private static getTimezoneOffset (timezoneName: string, date: Date) {
+    const localDateString = date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: timezoneName })
+    const utcDateString = date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: 'UTC' })
+
+    const localDate = new Date(localDateString)
+    const utcDate = new Date(utcDateString)
+    return (+utcDate - +localDate) / (60 * 1000)
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/util/strftime.spec.ts b/src/util/strftime.spec.ts
index 8edf30b1a9..b629b6d985 100644
--- a/src/util/strftime.spec.ts
+++ b/src/util/strftime.spec.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { strftime as t } from './strftime'
-import { DateWithTimezone } from '../../test/stub/date-with-timezone'
+import { DateWithTimezone, TestDate } from '../../test/stub/date'
 
 describe('util/strftime', function () {
-  const now = new Date('2016-01-04 13:15:23')
-  const then = new Date('2016-03-06 03:05:03')
+  const now = new TestDate('2016-01-04 13:15:23')
+  const then = new TestDate('2016-03-06 03:05:03')
 
   describe('Date (Year, Month, Day)', () => {
     it('should format %C as century', function () {
@@ -23,26 +23,26 @@ describe('util/strftime', function () {
         expect(t(then, '%j')).toBe('066')
       })
       it('should take count of leap years', function () {
-        const date = new Date('2001 03 01')
+        const date = new TestDate('2001 03 01')
         expect(t(date, '%j')).toBe('060')
       })
       it('should take count of leap years', function () {
-        const date = new Date('2000 03 01')
+        const date = new TestDate('2000 03 01')
         expect(t(date, '%j')).toBe('061')
       })
     })
     it('should format %q as date suffix', function () {
-      const first = new Date('2016-03-01 03:05:03')
-      const second = new Date('2016-03-02 03:05:03')
-      const third = new Date('2016-03-03 03:05:03')
+      const first = new TestDate('2016-03-01 03:05:03')
+      const second = new TestDate('2016-03-02 03:05:03')
+      const third = new TestDate('2016-03-03 03:05:03')
 
-      const eleventh = new Date('2016-03-11 03:05:03')
-      const twelfth = new Date('2016-03-12 03:05:03')
-      const thirteenth = new Date('2016-03-13 03:05:03')
+      const eleventh = new TestDate('2016-03-11 03:05:03')
+      const twelfth = new TestDate('2016-03-12 03:05:03')
+      const thirteenth = new TestDate('2016-03-13 03:05:03')
 
-      const twentyfirst = new Date('2016-03-21 03:05:03')
-      const twentysecond = new Date('2016-03-22 03:05:03')
-      const twentythird = new Date('2016-03-23 03:05:03')
+      const twentyfirst = new TestDate('2016-03-21 03:05:03')
+      const twentysecond = new TestDate('2016-03-22 03:05:03')
+      const twentythird = new TestDate('2016-03-23 03:05:03')
 
       expect(t(first, '%q')).toBe('st')
       expect(t(second, '%q')).toBe('nd')
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe('util/strftime', function () {
       expect(t(now, '%I')).toBe('01')
     })
     it('should format %I as 12 for 00:00', function () {
-      const date = new Date('2016-01-01 00:00:00')
+      const date = new TestDate('2016-01-01 00:00:00')
       expect(t(date, '%I')).toBe('12')
     })
     it('should format %k as space padded hour', function () {
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ describe('util/strftime', function () {
       expect(t(now, '%l')).toBe(' 1')
     })
     it('should format %l as 12 for 00:00', function () {
-      const date = new Date('2016-01-01 00:00:00')
+      const date = new TestDate('2016-01-01 00:00:00')
       expect(t(date, '%l')).toBe('12')
     })
     it('should format %L as 0 padded millisecond', function () {
       expect(t(then, '%L')).toBe('000')
     })
     it('should format %N as fractional seconds digits', function () {
-      const time = new Date('2019-12-15 01:21:00.129')
+      const time = new TestDate('2019-12-15 01:21:00.129')
       expect(t(time, '%N')).toBe('129000000')
       expect(t(time, '%2N')).toBe('12')
       expect(t(time, '%10N')).toBe('1290000000')
diff --git a/src/util/strftime.ts b/src/util/strftime.ts
index b6bf2652f8..535152fd4e 100644
--- a/src/util/strftime.ts
+++ b/src/util/strftime.ts
@@ -2,25 +2,12 @@ import { changeCase, padStart, padEnd } from './underscore'
 import { LiquidDate } from './liquid-date'
 
 const rFormat = /%([-_0^#:]+)?(\d+)?([EO])?(.)/
-const monthNames = [
-  'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August',
-  'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'
-]
-const dayNames = [
-  'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'
-]
-const monthNamesShort = monthNames.map(abbr)
-const dayNamesShort = dayNames.map(abbr)
 interface FormatOptions {
   flags: object;
   width?: string;
   modifier?: string;
 }
 
-function abbr (str: string) {
-  return str.slice(0, 3)
-}
-
 // prototype extensions
 function daysInMonth (d: LiquidDate) {
   const feb = isLeapYear(d) ? 29 : 28
@@ -77,19 +64,8 @@ const padWidths = {
   W: 2
 }
 
-// default to '0'
-const padChars = {
-  a: ' ',
-  A: ' ',
-  b: ' ',
-  B: ' ',
-  c: ' ',
-  e: ' ',
-  k: ' ',
-  l: ' ',
-  p: ' ',
-  P: ' '
-}
+const padSpaceChars = new Set('aAbBceklpP')
+
 function getTimezoneOffset (d: LiquidDate, opts: FormatOptions) {
   const nOffset = Math.abs(d.getTimezoneOffset())
   const h = Math.floor(nOffset / 60)
@@ -100,10 +76,10 @@ function getTimezoneOffset (d: LiquidDate, opts: FormatOptions) {
     padStart(m, 2, '0')
 }
 const formatCodes = {
-  a: (d: LiquidDate) => dayNamesShort[d.getDay()],
-  A: (d: LiquidDate) => dayNames[d.getDay()],
-  b: (d: LiquidDate) => monthNamesShort[d.getMonth()],
-  B: (d: LiquidDate) => monthNames[d.getMonth()],
+  a: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getShortWeekdayName(),
+  A: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getLongWeekdayName(),
+  b: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getShortMonthName(),
+  B: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getLongMonthName(),
   c: (d: LiquidDate) => d.toLocaleString(),
   C: (d: LiquidDate) => century(d),
   d: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getDate(),
@@ -135,12 +111,7 @@ const formatCodes = {
   y: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getFullYear().toString().slice(2, 4),
   Y: (d: LiquidDate) => d.getFullYear(),
   z: getTimezoneOffset,
-  Z: (d: LiquidDate, opts: FormatOptions) => {
-    if (d.getTimezoneName) {
-      return d.getTimezoneName() || getTimezoneOffset(d, opts)
-    }
-    return (typeof Intl !== 'undefined' ? Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone : '')
-  },
+  Z: (d: LiquidDate, opts: FormatOptions) => d.getTimeZoneName() || getTimezoneOffset(d, opts),
   't': () => '\t',
   'n': () => '\n',
   '%': () => '%'
@@ -166,7 +137,7 @@ function format (d: LiquidDate, match: RegExpExecArray) {
   const flags = {}
   for (const flag of flagStr) flags[flag] = true
   let ret = String(convert(d, { flags, width, modifier }))
-  let padChar = padChars[conversion] || '0'
+  let padChar = padSpaceChars.has(conversion) ? ' ' : '0'
   let padWidth = width || padWidths[conversion] || 0
   if (flags['^']) ret = ret.toUpperCase()
   else if (flags['#']) ret = changeCase(ret)
diff --git a/src/util/timezone-date.spec.ts b/src/util/timezone-date.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f4c3a62f1..0000000000
--- a/src/util/timezone-date.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-import { TimezoneDate } from './timezone-date'
-
-describe('TimezoneDate', () => {
-  it('should respect timezone set to 00:00', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00', 0)
-    expect(date.getTimezoneOffset()).toBe(0)
-    expect(date.getHours()).toBe(6)
-    expect(date.getMinutes()).toBe(26)
-  })
-  it('should respect timezone set to -06:00', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00', -360)
-    expect(date.getTimezoneOffset()).toBe(-360)
-    expect(date.getMinutes()).toBe(26)
-  })
-  it('should support Date as argument', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate(new Date('2021-10-06T14:26:00.000+08:00'), 0)
-    expect(date.getHours()).toBe(6)
-  })
-  it('should support .getMilliseconds()', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T14:26:00.001+00:00', 0)
-    expect(date.getMilliseconds()).toBe(1)
-  })
-  it('should support .getDay()', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-12-07T00:00:00.001+08:00', -480)
-    expect(date.getDay()).toBe(2)
-  })
-  it('should support .toLocaleString()', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T00:00:00.001+00:00', -480)
-    expect(date.toLocaleString('en-US')).toMatch(/8:00:00\sAM$/)
-    expect(date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: 'America/New_York' })).toMatch(/8:00:00\sPM$/)
-    expect(() => date.toLocaleString()).not.toThrow()
-  })
-  it('should support .toLocaleTimeString()', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T00:00:00.001+00:00', -480)
-    expect(date.toLocaleTimeString('en-US')).toMatch(/^8:00:00\sAM$/)
-    expect(() => date.toLocaleDateString()).not.toThrow()
-  })
-  it('should support .toLocaleDateString()', () => {
-    const date = new TimezoneDate('2021-10-06T22:00:00.001+00:00', -480)
-    expect(date.toLocaleDateString('en-US')).toBe('10/7/2021')
-    expect(() => date.toLocaleDateString()).not.toThrow()
-  })
-})
diff --git a/src/util/timezone-date.ts b/src/util/timezone-date.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c23ff611c2..0000000000
--- a/src/util/timezone-date.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-import { LiquidDate } from './liquid-date'
-import { isString } from './underscore'
-
-// one minute in milliseconds
-const OneMinute = 60000
-const ISO8601_TIMEZONE_PATTERN = /([zZ]|([+-])(\d{2}):(\d{2}))$/
-
-/**
- * A date implementation with timezone info, just like Ruby date
- *
- * Implementation:
- * - create a Date offset by it's timezone difference, avoiding overriding a bunch of methods
- * - rewrite getTimezoneOffset() to trick strftime
- */
-export class TimezoneDate implements LiquidDate {
-  private timezoneOffset: number
-  private timezoneName: string
-  private date: Date
-  private displayDate: Date
-  constructor (init: string | number | Date | TimezoneDate, timezone: number | string) {
-    this.date = init instanceof TimezoneDate
-      ? init.date
-      : new Date(init)
-    this.timezoneOffset = isString(timezone) ? TimezoneDate.getTimezoneOffset(timezone, this.date) : timezone
-    this.timezoneName = isString(timezone) ? timezone : ''
-
-    const diff = (this.date.getTimezoneOffset() - this.timezoneOffset) * OneMinute
-    const time = this.date.getTime() + diff
-    this.displayDate = new Date(time)
-  }
-
-  getTime () {
-    return this.displayDate.getTime()
-  }
-
-  getMilliseconds () {
-    return this.displayDate.getMilliseconds()
-  }
-  getSeconds () {
-    return this.displayDate.getSeconds()
-  }
-  getMinutes () {
-    return this.displayDate.getMinutes()
-  }
-  getHours () {
-    return this.displayDate.getHours()
-  }
-  getDay () {
-    return this.displayDate.getDay()
-  }
-  getDate () {
-    return this.displayDate.getDate()
-  }
-  getMonth () {
-    return this.displayDate.getMonth()
-  }
-  getFullYear () {
-    return this.displayDate.getFullYear()
-  }
-  toLocaleString (locale?: string, init?: any) {
-    if (init?.timeZone) {
-      return this.date.toLocaleString(locale, init)
-    }
-    return this.displayDate.toLocaleString(locale, init)
-  }
-  toLocaleTimeString (locale?: string) {
-    return this.displayDate.toLocaleTimeString(locale)
-  }
-  toLocaleDateString (locale?: string) {
-    return this.displayDate.toLocaleDateString(locale)
-  }
-  getTimezoneOffset () {
-    return this.timezoneOffset!
-  }
-  getTimezoneName () {
-    return this.timezoneName
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a Date object fixed to it's declared Timezone. Both
-   * - 2021-08-06T02:29:00.000Z and
-   * - 2021-08-06T02:29:00.000+08:00
-   * will always be displayed as
-   * - 2021-08-06 02:29:00
-   * regardless timezoneOffset in JavaScript realm
-   *
-   * The implementation hack:
-   * Instead of calling `.getMonth()`/`.getUTCMonth()` respect to `preserveTimezones`,
-   * we create a different Date to trick strftime, it's both simpler and more performant.
-   * Given that a template is expected to be parsed fewer times than rendered.
-   */
-  static createDateFixedToTimezone (dateString: string): LiquidDate {
-    const m = dateString.match(ISO8601_TIMEZONE_PATTERN)
-    // representing a UTC timestamp
-    if (m && m[1] === 'Z') {
-      return new TimezoneDate(+new Date(dateString), 0)
-    }
-    // has a timezone specified
-    if (m && m[2] && m[3] && m[4]) {
-      const [, , sign, hours, minutes] = m
-      const offset = (sign === '+' ? -1 : 1) * (parseInt(hours, 10) * 60 + parseInt(minutes, 10))
-      return new TimezoneDate(+new Date(dateString), offset)
-    }
-    return new Date(dateString)
-  }
-  private static getTimezoneOffset (timezoneName: string, date = new Date()) {
-    const localDateString = date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: timezoneName })
-    const utcDateString = date.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: 'UTC' })
-
-    const localDate = new Date(localDateString)
-    const utcDate = new Date(utcDateString)
-    return (+utcDate - +localDate) / (60 * 1000)
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/util/type-guards.spec.ts b/src/util/type-guards.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0efce1c451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/type-guards.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { LiteralToken } from '../tokens'
+import { isLiteralToken, isNumberToken, isWordToken } from './type-guards'
+
+describe('isLiteralToken()', () => {
+  it('should return true for literal', () => {
+    expect(isLiteralToken(new LiteralToken('true', 0, 4))).toBeTruthy()
+  })
+})
+describe('isWordToken()', () => {
+  it('should return false for literal', () => {
+    expect(isWordToken(new LiteralToken('true', 0, 4))).toBeFalsy()
+  })
+})
+describe('isNumberToken()', () => {
+  it('should return false for literal', () => {
+    expect(isNumberToken(new LiteralToken('true', 0, 4))).toBeFalsy()
+  })
+  it('should return false for null', () => {
+    expect(isNumberToken(null)).toBeFalsy()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/integration/filters/array.spec.ts b/test/integration/filters/array.spec.ts
index 0742411593..092ef449cd 100644
--- a/test/integration/filters/array.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/filters/array.spec.ts
@@ -475,6 +475,15 @@ describe('filters/array', function () {
         - 2
         `)
     })
+    it('should render none if args not specified', function () {
+      return test(`{% assign kitchen_products = products | where %}
+        Kitchen products:
+        {% for product in kitchen_products -%}
+        - {{ product.title }}
+        {% endfor %}`, { products }, `
+        Kitchen products:
+        `)
+    })
   })
   describe('where_exp', function () {
     const products = [
@@ -560,6 +569,12 @@ describe('filters/array', function () {
         { members },
         `{"graduation_year":2014,"name":"John"}`)
     })
+    it('should render none if not found', function () {
+      return test(
+        `{{ members | find: "graduation_year", 2018 | json }}`,
+        { members },
+        ``)
+    })
   })
   describe('find_exp', function () {
     const members = [
@@ -573,5 +588,11 @@ describe('filters/array', function () {
         { members },
         `{"graduation_year":2014,"name":"John"}`)
     })
+    it('should render none if not found', function () {
+      return test(
+        `{{ members | find_exp: "item", "item.graduation_year == 2018" | json }}`,
+        { members },
+        ``)
+    })
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/integration/filters/date.spec.ts b/test/integration/filters/date.spec.ts
index f2772402f7..8c1d6ee371 100644
--- a/test/integration/filters/date.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/filters/date.spec.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,81 @@
 import { LiquidOptions } from '../../../src/liquid-options'
 import { Liquid } from '.././../../src/liquid'
 import { test } from '../../stub/render'
+import { disableIntl } from '../../stub/no-intl'
 
 describe('filters/date', function () {
+  const liquid = new Liquid({ locale: 'en-US' })
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create a new Date when given "now"', function () {
+      return test('{{ "now" | date: "%Y"}}', (new Date()).getFullYear().toString())
+    })
+    it('should create a new Date when given "today"', function () {
+      return test('{{ "today" | date: "%Y"}}', (new Date()).getFullYear().toString())
+    })
+    it('should create from number', async function () {
+      const time = new Date('2017-03-07T12:00:00').getTime() / 1000
+      return test('{{ time | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" }}', { time }, '2017-03-07T12:00:00')
+    })
+    it('should create from number-like string', async function () {
+      const time = String(new Date('2017-03-07T12:00:00').getTime() / 1000)
+      return test('{{ time | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" }}', { time }, '2017-03-07T12:00:00')
+    })
+    it('should treat nil as 0', () => {
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync('{{ nil | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", "Asia/Shanghai" }}')).toEqual('1970-01-01T08:00:00')
+    })
+    it('should treat undefined as invalid', () => {
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync('{{ num | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", "Asia/Shanghai" }}', { num: undefined })).toEqual('')
+    })
+  })
+
   it('should support date: %a %b %d %Y', function () {
     const date = new Date()
     return test('{{ date | date:"%a %b %d %Y"}}', { date }, date.toDateString())
   })
+  describe('%a', () => {
+    it('should support short week day', () => {
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-21T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%a", "Asia/Shanghai" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('Mon')
+    })
+    it('should support short week day with timezone', () => {
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-21T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%a", "America/New_York" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('Sun')
+    })
+    it('should support short week day with locale', () => {
+      const liquid = new Liquid({ locale: 'zh-CN' })
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-21T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%a", "America/New_York" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('周日')
+    })
+  })
+  describe('%b', () => {
+    it('should support short month', () => {
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-31T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%b", "Asia/Shanghai" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('Aug')
+    })
+    it('should support short week day with locale', () => {
+      const liquid = new Liquid({ locale: 'zh-CN' })
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-31T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%b", "Asia/Shanghai" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('8月')
+    })
+  })
+  describe('Intl compatibility', () => {
+    disableIntl()
+    it('should use English if Intl not supported', () => {
+      const liquid = new Liquid()
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-31T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%b", "Asia/Shanghai" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('Aug')
+    })
+    it('should use English if Intl not supported even for other locales', () => {
+      const liquid = new Liquid({ locale: 'zh-CN' })
+      const tpl = '{{ "2024-07-31T20:24:00.000Z" | date: "%b", "Asia/Shanghai" }}'
+      expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(tpl)).toEqual('Aug')
+    })
+  })
   it('should support "now"', function () {
     // sample: Thursday, February 2, 2023 at 6:25 pm +0000
     return test('{{ "now" | date }}', /\w+, \w+ \d+, \d\d\d\d at \d+:\d\d [ap]m [-+]\d\d\d\d/)
   })
-  it('should create a new Date when given "now"', function () {
-    return test('{{ "now" | date: "%Y"}}', (new Date()).getFullYear().toString())
-  })
-  it('should create a new Date when given "today"', function () {
-    return test('{{ "today" | date: "%Y"}}', (new Date()).getFullYear().toString())
-  })
   it('should parse as Date when given a timezoneless string', function () {
     return test('{{ "1991-02-22T00:00:00" | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"}}', '1991-02-22T00:00:00')
   })
@@ -45,14 +104,6 @@ describe('filters/date', function () {
   it('should render object as string', function () {
     return test('{{ obj | date: "%Y"}}', { obj: {} }, '[object Object]')
   })
-  it('should create from number', async function () {
-    const time = new Date('2017-03-07T12:00:00').getTime() / 1000
-    return test('{{ time | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" }}', { time }, '2017-03-07T12:00:00')
-  })
-  it('should create from number-like string', async function () {
-    const time = String(new Date('2017-03-07T12:00:00').getTime() / 1000)
-    return test('{{ time | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" }}', { time }, '2017-03-07T12:00:00')
-  })
   it('should support manipulation', async function () {
     return test('{{ date | date: "%s" | minus : 604800  | date: "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"}}',
       { date: new Date('2017-03-07T12:00:00') },
@@ -180,6 +231,10 @@ describe('filters/date_to_string', function () {
     const output = liquid.parseAndRenderSync('{{ "2008-11-07T13:07:54-08:00" | date_to_string: "ordinal", "US" }}')
     expect(output).toEqual('Nov 7th, 2008')
   })
+  it('should render none if not valid', function () {
+    const output = liquid.parseAndRenderSync('{{ "hello" | date_to_string: "ordinal", "US" }}')
+    expect(output).toEqual('hello')
+  })
 })
 
 describe('filters/date_to_long_string', function () {
diff --git a/test/integration/filters/misc.spec.ts b/test/integration/filters/misc.spec.ts
index f60b260156..ef9c0f085b 100644
--- a/test/integration/filters/misc.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/filters/misc.spec.ts
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ describe('filters/object', function () {
     })
     it('should inspect cyclic object', () => {
       const text = '{{foo | inspect}}'
-      const foo: any = { bar: 'bar' }
+      const foo: any = { bar: { coo: 'coo' } }
       foo.foo = foo
-      const expected = '{"bar":"bar","foo":"[Circular]"}'
+      const expected = '{"bar":{"coo":"coo"},"foo":"[Circular]"}'
       return expect(liquid.parseAndRenderSync(text, { foo })).toBe(expected)
     })
     it('should support space argument', () => {
diff --git a/test/integration/filters/string.spec.ts b/test/integration/filters/string.spec.ts
index 108e46989f..9ea5bd0888 100644
--- a/test/integration/filters/string.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/filters/string.spec.ts
@@ -243,26 +243,39 @@ describe('filters/string', function () {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "I\'m not hungry" | number_of_words: "auto"}}')
       expect(html).toEqual('3')
     })
-
+    it('should count words of empty sentence', async () => {
+      const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "" | number_of_words }}')
+      expect(html).toEqual('0')
+    })
     it('should count words of mixed sentence', async () => {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "Hello world!" | number_of_words }}')
       expect(html).toEqual('2')
     })
-
     it('should count words of CJK sentence', async () => {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "你好hello世界world" | number_of_words }}')
       expect(html).toEqual('1')
     })
-
+    it('should count words of Latin sentence in CJK mode', async () => {
+      const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "I\'m not hungry" | number_of_words: "cjk"}}')
+      expect(html).toEqual('3')
+    })
+    it('should count words of empty sentence in CJK mode', async () => {
+      const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "" | number_of_words: "cjk"}}')
+      expect(html).toEqual('0')
+    })
     it('should count words of CJK sentence with mode "cjk"', async () => {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "你好hello世界world" | number_of_words: "cjk" }}')
       expect(html).toEqual('6')
     })
 
-    it('should count words of CJK sentence with mode "auto"', async () => {
+    it('should count words of mixed sentence with mode "auto"', async () => {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "你好hello世界world" | number_of_words: "auto" }}')
       expect(html).toEqual('6')
     })
+    it('should count words of CJK sentence with mode "auto"', async () => {
+      const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "你好世界" | number_of_words: "auto" }}')
+      expect(html).toEqual('4')
+    })
     it('should handle empty input', async () => {
       const html = await liquid.parseAndRender('{{ "" | number_of_words }}')
       expect(html).toEqual('0')
diff --git a/test/integration/liquid/dos.spec.ts b/test/integration/liquid/dos.spec.ts
index a8a4e67e59..246e76c10b 100644
--- a/test/integration/liquid/dos.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/liquid/dos.spec.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ describe('DoS related', function () {
       await expect(limit10.parseAndRender(src)).rejects.toThrow('template render limit exceeded')
       await expect(limit20.parseAndRender(src)).resolves.toBe('1,2,3,4,5,')
     })
+    it('should support reset when calling render', async () => {
+      const src = '{% for i in (1..5) %}{{i}},{% endfor %}'
+      const liquid = new Liquid({ renderLimit: 0.01 })
+      await expect(liquid.parseAndRender(src)).rejects.toThrow('template render limit exceeded')
+      await expect(liquid.parseAndRender(src, {}, { renderLimit: 1e6 })).resolves.toBe('1,2,3,4,5,')
+    })
     it('should take partials into account', async () => {
       mock({
         '/small': '{% for i in (1..5) %}{{i}}{% endfor %}',
@@ -50,6 +56,12 @@ describe('DoS related', function () {
       await expect(liquid.parseAndRender('{{ array | slice: 0, 3 | join }}', { array })).resolves.toBe('0 0 0')
       await expect(liquid.parseAndRender('{{ array | slice: 0, 300 | join }}', { array })).rejects.toThrow('memory alloc limit exceeded, line:1, col:1')
     })
+    it('should support reset when calling render', async () => {
+      const array = Array(1e3).fill(0)
+      const liquid = new Liquid({ memoryLimit: 100 })
+      await expect(liquid.parseAndRender('{{ array | slice: 0, 300 | join }}', { array })).rejects.toThrow('memory alloc limit exceeded, line:1, col:1')
+      await expect(liquid.parseAndRender('{{ array | slice: 0, 300 | join }}', { array }, { memoryLimit: 1e3 })).resolves.toBe(Array(300).fill(0).join(' '))
+    })
     it('should throw for too many array iteration in tags', async () => {
       const array = ['a']
       const liquid = new Liquid({ memoryLimit: 100 })
diff --git a/test/integration/liquid/fs-option.spec.ts b/test/integration/liquid/fs-option.spec.ts
index 99fd2be92f..7e2183ed6d 100644
--- a/test/integration/liquid/fs-option.spec.ts
+++ b/test/integration/liquid/fs-option.spec.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe('LiquidOptions#fs', function () {
     existsSync: (x: string) => !x.match(/not-exist/),
     readFile: (x: string) => Promise.resolve(`content for ${x}`),
     readFileSync: (x: string) => `content for ${x}`,
-    fallback: (x: string) => '/root/files/fallback',
+    fallback: (_x: string) => '/root/files/fallback',
     resolve: (base: string, path: string) => base + '/' + path
   }
   beforeEach(function () {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe('LiquidOptions#fs', function () {
     } as any)
     expect(engine.options.relativeReference).toBe(false)
   })
-  it('should render from in-memory templates', () => {
+  it('should render from in-memory templates', async () => {
     const engine = new Liquid({
       templates: {
         entry: '{% layout "main" %}entry',
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ describe('LiquidOptions#fs', function () {
       }
     })
     expect(engine.renderFileSync('entry')).toEqual('header entry footer')
+    await expect(engine.renderFile('entry')).resolves.toEqual('header entry footer')
   })
   it('should render relative in-memory templates', () => {
     const engine = new Liquid({
diff --git a/test/stub/date-with-timezone.ts b/test/stub/date-with-timezone.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index aca88cc93e..0000000000
--- a/test/stub/date-with-timezone.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-export class DateWithTimezone extends Date {
-  constructor (init: string, timezone: number) {
-    super(init)
-    this.getTimezoneOffset = () => timezone
-  }
-}
diff --git a/test/stub/date.ts b/test/stub/date.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61f94db83a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/stub/date.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { LiquidDate } from '../../src/util'
+
+const locale = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale
+
+export class DateWithTimezone extends LiquidDate {
+  constructor (init: string, timezone: number) {
+    super(init, locale)
+    this.getTimezoneOffset = () => timezone
+  }
+}
+
+export class TestDate extends LiquidDate {
+  constructor (v: any) {
+    super(v, locale)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/stub/no-intl.ts b/test/stub/no-intl.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..938fc4c0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/stub/no-intl.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+export function disableIntl () {
+  let intl: typeof Intl
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    intl = Intl
+    delete (global as any).Intl
+  })
+  afterEach(() => {
+    (global as any).Intl = intl
+  })
+}