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index.html
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<!doctype html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>Anonymous iframe</title>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/cg-draft" rel="stylesheet">
<meta content="Bikeshed version b0de3432c, updated Thu Oct 13 09:16:59 2022 -0700" name="generator">
<link href="https://wicg.github.io/anonymous-iframe/" rel="canonical">
<meta content="98b0b3216db41c9cbed3147e29c38dd8991f9da1" name="document-revision">
<style>
.monkey-patch {
padding: .5em;
border: thin solid #ddd;
border: thin solid 1px;
border-radius: .5em;
margin: .5em calc(-0.5em - 1px);
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.03);
backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
.brief {
line-height: 10%;
}
.customHighlight {
padding-top:9px ;
padding-bottom:9px ;
background-color: rgba(255,255,0,0.3)
}
</style>
<style>/* style-autolinks */
.css.css, .property.property, .descriptor.descriptor {
color: var(--a-normal-text);
font-size: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
}
.css::before, .property::before, .descriptor::before {
content: "‘";
}
.css::after, .property::after, .descriptor::after {
content: "’";
}
.property, .descriptor {
/* Don't wrap property and descriptor names */
white-space: nowrap;
}
.type { /* CSS value <type> */
font-style: italic;
}
pre .property::before, pre .property::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::before,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::before,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::before,
[data-link-type="value"]::before,
[data-link-type="function"]::before,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::before,
[data-link-type="selector"]::before,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::before {
content: "‘";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::after,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::after,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::after,
[data-link-type="value"]::after,
[data-link-type="function"]::after,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::after,
[data-link-type="selector"]::after,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::after {
content: "’";
}
[data-link-type].production::before,
[data-link-type].production::after,
.prod [data-link-type]::before,
.prod [data-link-type]::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type=element],
[data-link-type=element-attr] {
font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace;
font-size: .9em;
}
[data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" }
[data-link-type=element]::after { content: ">" }
[data-link-type=biblio] {
white-space: pre;
}</style>
<style>/* style-colors */
/* Any --*-text not paired with a --*-bg is assumed to have a transparent bg */
:root {
color-scheme: light dark;
--text: black;
--bg: white;
--unofficial-watermark: url(https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/UD-watermark);
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #707070;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #f8f8f8;
--tocnav-active-text: #c00;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #f7f8f9;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #3980b5;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #005a9c;
--hr-text: var(--text);
--algo-border: #def;
--del-text: red;
--del-bg: transparent;
--ins-text: #080;
--ins-bg: transparent;
--a-normal-text: #034575;
--a-normal-underline: #bbb;
--a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text);
--a-visited-underline: #707070;
--a-hover-bg: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
--a-active-text: #c00;
--a-active-underline: #c00;
--blockquote-border: silver;
--blockquote-bg: transparent;
--blockquote-text: currentcolor;
--issue-border: #e05252;
--issue-bg: #fbe9e9;
--issue-text: var(--text);
--issueheading-text: #831616;
--example-border: #e0cb52;
--example-bg: #fcfaee;
--example-text: var(--text);
--exampleheading-text: #574b0f;
--note-border: #52e052;
--note-bg: #e9fbe9;
--note-text: var(--text);
--noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
--notesummary-underline: silver;
--assertion-border: #aaa;
--assertion-bg: #eee;
--assertion-text: black;
--advisement-border: orange;
--advisement-bg: #fec;
--advisement-text: var(--text);
--advisementheading-text: #b35f00;
--warning-border: red;
--warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,50%,0.95);
--warning-text: var(--text);
--amendment-border: #330099;
--amendment-bg: #F5F0FF;
--amendment-text: var(--text);
--amendmentheading-text: #220066;
--def-border: #8ccbf2;
--def-bg: #def;
--def-text: var(--text);
--defrow-border: #bbd7e9;
--datacell-border: silver;
--indexinfo-text: #707070;
--indextable-hover-text: black;
--indextable-hover-bg: #f7f8f9;
--outdatedspec-bg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
--outdatedspec-text: black;
--outdated-bg: maroon;
--outdated-text: white;
--outdated-shadow: red;
--editedrec-bg: darkorange;
}</style>
<style>/* style-counters */
body {
counter-reset: example figure issue;
}
.issue {
counter-increment: issue;
}
.issue:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Issue " counter(issue);
}
.example {
counter-increment: example;
}
.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Example " counter(example);
}
.invalid.example:not(.no-marker)::before,
.illegal.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Invalid Example" counter(example);
}
figcaption {
counter-increment: figure;
}
figcaption:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Figure " counter(figure) " ";
}</style>
<style>/* style-dfn-panel */
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #ddd;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
.dfn-panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 35;
height: auto;
width: -webkit-fit-content;
width: fit-content;
max-width: 300px;
max-height: 500px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
background: var(--dfnpanel-bg);
color: var(--dfnpanel-text);
border: outset 0.2em;
}
.dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; }
.dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.dfn-panel > b { display: block; }
.dfn-panel a { color: var(--dfnpanel-text); }
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
.dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; }
.dfn-panel ul { padding: 0; }
.dfn-panel li { list-style: inside; }
.dfn-panel.activated {
display: inline-block;
position: fixed;
left: .5em;
bottom: 2em;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em);
max-height: 30vh;
}
.dfn-paneled { cursor: pointer; }
</style>
<style>/* style-issues */
a[href].issue-return {
float: right;
float: inline-end;
color: var(--issueheading-text);
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-md-lists */
/* This is a weird hack for me not yet following the commonmark spec
regarding paragraph and lists. */
[data-md] > :first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
[data-md] > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}</style>
<style>/* style-selflinks */
:root {
--selflink-text: white;
--selflink-bg: gray;
--selflink-hover-text: black;
}
.heading, .issue, .note, .example, li, dt {
position: relative;
}
a.self-link {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px));
width: calc(3.5rem - 26px);
height: 2em;
text-align: center;
border: none;
transition: opacity .2s;
opacity: .5;
}
a.self-link:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.heading > a.self-link {
font-size: 83%;
}
li > a.self-link {
left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px) - 2em);
}
dfn > a.self-link {
top: auto;
left: auto;
opacity: 0;
width: 1.5em;
height: 1.5em;
background: var(--selflink-bg);
color: var(--selflink-text);
font-style: normal;
transition: opacity .2s, background-color .2s, color .2s;
}
dfn:hover > a.self-link {
opacity: 1;
}
dfn > a.self-link:hover {
color: var(--selflink-hover-text);
}
a.self-link::before { content: "¶"; }
.heading > a.self-link::before { content: "§"; }
dfn > a.self-link::before { content: "#"; }
</style>
<style>/* style-wpt */
:root {
--wpt-border: hsl(0, 0%, 60%);
--wpt-bg: hsl(0, 0%, 95%);
--wpt-text: var(--text);
--wptheading-text: hsl(0, 0%, 30%);
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--wpt-border: hsl(0, 0%, 30%);
--wpt-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--wpt-text: var(--text);
--wptheading-text: hsl(0, 0%, 60%);
}
}
.wpt-tests-block {
list-style: none;
border-left: .5em solid var(--wpt-border);
background: var(--wpt-bg);
color: var(--wpt-text);
margin: 1em auto;
padding: .5em;
}
.wpt-tests-block summary {
color: var(--wptheading-text);
font-weight: normal;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.wpt-tests-block summary::marker{
color: var(--wpt-border);
}
.wpt-tests-block summary:hover::marker{
color: var(--wpt-text);
}
/*
The only content of a wpt test block in its closed state is the <summary>,
which contains the word TESTS,
and that is absolutely positioned.
In that closed state, wpt test blocks are styled
to have a top margin whose height is exactly equal
to the height of the absolutely positioned <summary>,
and no other background/padding/margin/border.
The wpt test block elements will therefore allow the maring
of the previous/next block elements
to collapse through them;
if this combined margin would be larger than its own top margin,
it stays as is,
and therefore the pre-existing vertical rhythm of the document is undisturbed.
If that combined margin would be smaller, it is grown to that size.
This means that the wpt test block ensures
that there's always enough vertical space to insert the summary,
without adding more than is needed.
*/
.wpt-tests-block:not([open]){
padding: 0;
border: none;
background: none;
font-size: 0.75em;
line-height: 1;
position: relative;
margin: 1em 0 0;
}
.wpt-tests-block:not([open]) summary {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
/*
It is possible that both the last child of a block element
and the block element itself
would be annotated with a <wpt> block each.
If the block element has a padding or a border,
that's fine, but otherwise
the bottom margin of the block and of its last child would collapse
and both <wpt> elements would overlap, being both placed there.
To avoid that, add 1px of padding to the <wpt> element annotating the last child
to prevent the bottom margin of the block and of its last child from collapsing
(and as much negative margin,
as wel only want to prevent margin collapsing,
but are not trying to actually take more space).
*/
.wpt-tests-block:not([open]):last-child {
padding-bottom: 1px;
margin-bottom: -1px;
}
/*
Exception to the previous rule:
don't do that in non-last list items,
because it's not necessary,
and would therefore consume more space than strictly needed.
Lists must have list items as children, not <wpt> elements,
so a <wpt> element cannot be a sibling of a list item,
and the collision that the previous rule avoids cannot happen.
*/
li:not(:last-child) > .wpt-tests-block:not([open]):last-child,
dd:not(:last-child) > .wpt-tests-block:not([open]):last-child {
padding-bottom: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.wpt-tests-block:not([open]):not(:hover){
opacity: 0.5;
}
.wpt-tests-list {
list-style: none;
display: grid;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
grid-template-columns: 1fr max-content auto auto;
grid-column-gap: .5em;
}
.wpt-tests-block hr:last-child {
display: none;
}
.wpt-test {
display: contents;
}
.wpt-test > a {
text-decoration: underline;
border: none;
}
.wpt-test > .wpt-name { grid-column: 1; }
.wpt-test > .wpt-results { grid-column: 2; }
.wpt-test > .wpt-live { grid-column: 3; }
.wpt-test > .wpt-source { grid-column: 4; }
.wpt-test > .wpt-results {
display: flex;
gap: .1em;
}
.wpt-test .wpt-result {
display: inline-block;
height: 1em;
width: 1em;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-darkmode */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--text: #ddd;
--bg: black;
--unofficial-watermark: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='400' height='400'%3E%3Cg fill='%23100808' transform='translate(200 200) rotate(-45) translate(-200 -200)' stroke='%23100808' stroke-width='3'%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='220' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EUNOFFICIAL%3C/text%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='305' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EDRAFT%3C/text%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #999;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #080808;
--tocnav-active-text: #f44;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #080808;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #6af;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #8af;
--hr-text: var(--text);
--algo-border: #456;
--del-text: #f44;
--del-bg: transparent;
--ins-text: #4a4;
--ins-bg: transparent;
--a-normal-text: #6af;
--a-normal-underline: #555;
--a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text);
--a-visited-underline: var(--a-normal-underline);
--a-hover-bg: rgba(25%, 25%, 25%, .2);
--a-active-text: #f44;
--a-active-underline: var(--a-active-text);
--borderedblock-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05);
--blockquote-border: silver;
--blockquote-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--blockquote-text: currentcolor;
--issue-border: #e05252;
--issue-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--issue-text: var(--text);
--issueheading-text: hsl(0deg, 70%, 70%);
--example-border: hsl(50deg, 90%, 60%);
--example-bg: var(--borderedblock-bg);
--example-text: var(--text);
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<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Anonymous iframe</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#CG-DRAFT">Draft Community Group Report</a>, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2022-10-20">20 October 2022</time></p>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class="u-url" href="https://wicg.github.io/anonymous-iframe/">https://wicg.github.io/anonymous-iframe/</a>
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd><a href="https://github.com/WICG/anonymous-iframe/issues/">GitHub</a>
<dt class="editor">Editors:
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:[email protected]">Arthur Sonzogni</a> (<span class="p-org org">Google</span>)
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:[email protected]">Camille Lamy</a> (<span class="p-org org">Google</span>)
<dt>Tests:
<dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/web-platform-tests/tree/master/html/anonymous-iframe">web-platform-tests html/anonymous-iframe/</a> (<a href="https://github.com/w3c/web-platform-tests/labels/html/anonymous-iframe">ongoing work</a>)
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
<p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright">©2022, Google, Inc. All rights reserved.</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<p>Anonymous iframe give developers a way to load documents in third party iframe
using new and ephemeral context. In return, the <a href="https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/">Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy</a> (COEP) embedding rules can be lifted.</p>
<p>This way, developers using COEP can now embed third party iframes that do not.</p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status">
<p> This specification was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/">Web Platform Incubator Community Group</a>.
It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track.
Please note that under the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a> there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply.
Learn more about <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/">W3C Community and Business Groups</a>. </p>
<p></p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc" role="directory">
<li>
<a href="#introduction"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#recommended-readings"><span class="secno">1.1</span> <span class="content">Recommended readings</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
<li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
</ol>
</ol>
</nav>
<main>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="introduction"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#introduction"></a></h2>
<p><em>This section is not normative.</em></p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1" id="recommended-readings"><span class="secno">1.1. </span><span class="content">Recommended readings</span><a class="self-link" href="#recommended-readings"></a></h3>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p>The <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-spectre">[Spectre]</a> vulnerability.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>The <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-coep-require-corp">[COEP-require-corp]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-coep-credentialless">[COEP-credentialless]</a> headers.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>How and why <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies" id="ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy</a> (<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies" id="ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies①">COOP</a>) and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep" id="ref-for-coep">Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy</a> (<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep" id="ref-for-coep①">COEP</a>) are granting the <a href="concept-settings-object-cross-origin-isolated-capability">crossOriginIsolated</a> capability. See <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-whycoopcoep">[WhyCoopCoep]</a>.</p>
</ul>
</main>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2021/fixup.js"></script>
<h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index"><span class="content">Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#index"></a></h2>
<aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-coep">
<a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ref-for-coep">1.1. Recommended readings</a> <a href="#ref-for-coep①">(2)</a>
</ul>
</aside>
<aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">
<a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">1.1. Recommended readings</a> <a href="#ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies①">(2)</a>
</ul>
</aside>
<aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-coep">
<a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#coep</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ref-for-coep">1.1. Recommended readings</a> <a href="#ref-for-coep①">(2)</a>
</ul>
</aside>
<aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">
<a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#cross-origin-opener-policies</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">1.1. Recommended readings</a> <a href="#ref-for-cross-origin-opener-policies①">(2)</a>
</ul>
</aside>
<h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-elsewhere"></a></h3>
<ul class="index">
<li>
<a data-link-type="biblio">[HTML]</a> defines the following terms:
<ul>
<li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-coep">coep</span>
<li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-cross-origin-opener-policies">coop</span>
<li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-coep①">cross-origin-embedder-policy</span>
<li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-cross-origin-opener-policies①">cross-origin-opener-policy</span>
</ul>
</ul>
<h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
<h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="normative"><span class="content">Normative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#normative"></a></h3>
<dl>
<dt id="biblio-html">[HTML]
<dd>Anne van Kesteren; et al. <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/"><cite>HTML Standard</cite></a>. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/</a>
</dl>
<h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
<dl>
<dt id="biblio-coep-credentialless">[COEP-credentialless]
<dd>Arthur Sonzogni; et al. <a href="https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/"><cite>COEP: credentialless</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/">https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/</a>
<dt id="biblio-coep-require-corp">[COEP-require-corp]
<dd>Mike West. <a href="https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/"><cite>COEP</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/">https://wicg.github.io/cross-origin-embedder-policy/</a>
<dt id="biblio-spectre">[Spectre]
<dd>Paul Kocher; et al. <a href="https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf"><cite>Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative Execution</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf">https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf</a>
<dt id="biblio-whycoopcoep">[WhyCoopCoep]
<dd>Eiji Kitamura; Demenic Denicola. <a href="https://web.dev/why-coop-coep/"><cite>Why you need "cross-origin isolated" for powerful features</cite></a>. URL: <a href="https://web.dev/why-coop-coep/">https://web.dev/why-coop-coep/</a>
</dl>
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