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INDCPAD_HE_ThresFHE

This is a git repository that implements the IND-CPA-D attacks introduced in Attacks Against the IND-CPA^D Security of Exact FHE Schemes written by the following authors:

Jung Hee Cheon (SNU & Crypto Lab Inc.)

Hyeongmin Choe (SNU)

Alain Passelègue (CryptoLab Inc.)

Damien Stehlé (CryptoLab Inc.)

Elias Suvanto (CryptoLab Inc.)

Attacks Against the IND-CPA Security of Exact FHE Schemes

This repository contains the codes for the KR^D attack experiments described in the paper, and the scripts that can reproduce the figures.

We have three main directories each corresponding to attacks against

  1. BFV/BGV, implemented in OpenFHE, commit 4ebb28ea7bdd894a73bc5b73e59fcfbc7825330.
  2. DM/CGGI, implemented in TFHE-rs, commit ad41fdf5a5060c0a981cd0c35bf998feafe68e02.
  3. CKKS, implemented in Lattigo, commit 4cce9a48c1daaa2dd122921822f5ad70cd444156.

OpenFHE BFV iterative addition experiments

Please first install the OpenFHE library, then try the attack experiment on the parameters that the library sets by running BFV/BFV_KRD.cpp, which may require cmake or make.

TFHE-rs CGGI gate bootstrapping experiments

Please first install the TFHE-rs library, then try the attack as follows:

Collecting failures

We collect the failing ciphertexts after gate bootstrappings by

  1. running a bunch of gate bootstrappings for a custom parameters set as
cd Collect_TFHE_ciphertexts
cargo run --release > ../Collected_samples/failed_ctxt.out

or

  1. simulating the failing ciphertexts as
python3 Simulate_TFHE_ciphertexts/simulate_failures.py > ../Collected_samples/sim_failed_ctxt.out`

KR^D attack

We recover the secret key from the obtained failing ciphertexts by

python3 TFHE_KRD/main.py < Collected_samples/failed_ctxt.out

or from the simulated ciphertexts sim_failed_ctxt.out.

Helper scripts

You may try

python3 TFHE_KRD/main.py --print < Collected_samples/failed_ctxt.out

to print out the distribution of the coefficients of the failing ciphertexts, for the secret key coefficients 0 and 1.

Lattigo CKKS bootstrapping experiments

Please first install the Lattigo library and modify some files from the library based on the files in the directory Lattigo_modified. This is basically for

  • outputting ciphertexts before ModRaise (which do not require sk),
  • outputting the secret key to evaluate the attack.

Then try the attack for a custom parameters set with

  • K=8 (K=16 is default in Lattigo)
  • Double angling constant = 0 (3 is the default in Lattigo)
  • Approximation degree for cosine function = 240 (30 is the default in Lattigo)
  • Hamming weight of sparse sk = 32 (32 is the default in Lattigo)
  • p_fail = 0.86 ($2^{-137.7}$ is default in Lattigo) as follows:

Collecting failures

We collect the failing ciphertexts after bootstrappings as

go run Collect_failures/collect_sk_ctxt.go > ../Collected_failures/result.out.out

It will output ../Collected_failures/saved_ciphertext.out for the collected ciphertexts and ../Collected_failures/skSparse_withoutNTT.out for the secret key.

KR^D attack

We recover the secret key from the obtained failing ciphertexts by

python3 CKKS_KRD/full_sk_recovery.py --attack

which will run the sk recovery attack using the ciphertexts before ModRaise, encapsulated with sparse keys. You can use the --find option to find the smallest set of candidates that perfectly includes sk. Currently, the answers to the secret key are hard-coded for inputs long_0424_1602... (from 100 runs) and test... (from 5 runs).

Helper scripts

CKKS bootstrapping failure probability

To verify the bootstrapping failure probability, try

sage Irwin-Hall.sage

Distribution of qI

Try running

python3 CKKS_KRD/main.py

which will output the distribution of qI + e \approx c0 + c1*s, normalized by q.

It will also give the index i of I, for |I_i|>7, which corresponds to the index of bootstrapping failing slots, see 0423_1200.out, a decryption result from after bootstrapping.

Distribution of a failing ciphertext

Try running

python3 CKKS_KRD/full_sk_recovery.py --pos

which will give the coefficients distribution of the failing ciphertexts, w.r.t. the secret key coefficient of +1s. You may also try with other options such as --neg, --zero, or --all.

Collected samples

Please download the collected ciphertexts and secret key samples. Due to the large sizes, we provide an external link for downloading them.