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draft-ietf-httpbis-messaging-latest.html
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<link rel="Contents" href="#rfc.toc">
<link rel="Author" href="#rfc.authors">
<link rel="License" href="#rfc.copyrightnotice">
<link rel="Index" href="#rfc.index">
<link rel="Chapter" title="1 Introduction" href="#rfc.section.1">
<link rel="Chapter" title="2 Message" href="#rfc.section.2">
<link rel="Chapter" title="3 Request Line" href="#rfc.section.3">
<link rel="Chapter" title="4 Status Line" href="#rfc.section.4">
<link rel="Chapter" title="5 Field Syntax" href="#rfc.section.5">
<link rel="Chapter" title="6 Message Body" href="#rfc.section.6">
<link rel="Chapter" title="7 Transfer Codings" href="#rfc.section.7">
<link rel="Chapter" title="8 Handling Incomplete Messages" href="#rfc.section.8">
<link rel="Chapter" title="9 Connection Management" href="#rfc.section.9">
<link rel="Chapter" title="10 Enclosing Messages as Data" href="#rfc.section.10">
<link rel="Chapter" title="11 Security Considerations" href="#rfc.section.11">
<link rel="Chapter" title="12 IANA Considerations" href="#rfc.section.12">
<link rel="Chapter" title="13 References" href="#rfc.section.13">
<link rel="Appendix" title="A Collected ABNF" href="#rfc.section.A">
<link rel="Appendix" title="B Differences between HTTP and MIME" href="#rfc.section.B">
<link rel="Appendix" title="C Changes from Previous RFCs" href="#rfc.section.C">
<link rel="Appendix" title="D Change Log" href="#rfc.section.D">
<link rel="Appendix" title="Acknowledgements" href="#rfc.section.unnumbered-1">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP, HTTP message format">
<link rel="schema.dcterms" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Fielding, R.">
<meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Nottingham, M.">
<meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Reschke, J.">
<meta name="dcterms.issued" content="2022-11-01">
<meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:7230">
<meta name="dcterms.abstract" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document specifies the HTTP/1.1 message syntax, message parsing, connection management, and related security concerns. This document obsoletes portions of RFC 7230.">
<meta name="description" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document specifies the HTTP/1.1 message syntax, message parsing, connection management, and related security concerns. This document obsoletes portions of RFC 7230.">
</head>
<body onload="initFeedback();">
<header>
<table class="header" id="rfc.headerblock">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/httpbis">HTTP Working Group</a></td>
<td class="right">R. Fielding, Editor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">Internet-Draft</td>
<td class="right">Adobe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">Obsoletes: <a href="#RFC7230">7230</a> (if approved)</td>
<td class="right">M. Nottingham, Editor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">Intended status: Standards Track</td>
<td class="right">Fastly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">Expires: May 5, 2023</td>
<td class="right">J. Reschke, Editor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="right">greenbytes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="right">November 1, 2022</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="rfc.title">
<h1>HTTP/1.1</h1>
<div class="filename"><a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-httpbis-messaging" class="smpl">draft-ietf-httpbis-messaging-latest</a></div>
</div>
</header>
<section>
<h2 id="rfc.abstract"><a href="#rfc.abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<div id="rfc.abstract.p.1">
<p>The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for
distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document specifies
the HTTP/1.1 message syntax, message parsing, connection management, and related security
concerns.<a class="self" href="#rfc.abstract.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.abstract.p.2">
<p>This document obsoletes portions of RFC 7230.<a class="self" href="#rfc.abstract.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="note rfcEditorRemove">
<h2 id="rfc.note.1"><a href="#rfc.note.1">Editorial Note</a></h2>
<div id="rfc.note.1.p.1">
<p>This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.<a class="self" href="#rfc.note.1.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.note.1.p.2">
<p>Discussion of this draft takes place on the HTTP working group mailing list ([email protected]),
which is archived at <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/">https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/</a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.note.1.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.note.1.p.3">
<p>Working Group information can be found at <a href="https://httpwg.org/">https://httpwg.org/</a>; source code and issues list for this draft can be found at <a href="https://github.com/httpwg/http-core">https://github.com/httpwg/http-core</a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.note.1.p.3">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.note.1.p.4">
<p>The changes in this draft are summarized in <a href="#changes.since.19" title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-messaging-19">Appendix D.1</a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.note.1.p.4">¶</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="rfc.status">
<h2><a href="#rfc.status">Status of This Memo</a></h2>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.1.p.1">
<p>This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78
and BCP 79.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.1.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.1.p.2">
<p>Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The
list of current Internet-Drafts is at <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/</a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.1.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.1.p.3">
<p>Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated,
replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use
Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work in progress”.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.1.p.3">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.1.p.4">
<p>This Internet-Draft will expire on May 5, 2023.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.1.p.4">¶</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="rfc.copyrightnotice">
<h2><a href="#rfc.copyrightnotice">Copyright Notice</a></h2>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.2.p.1">
<p>Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors.
All rights reserved.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.2.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.2.p.2">
<p>This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating
to IETF Documents (<a href="https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.2.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.boilerplate.2.p.3">
<p>This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published
or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the
copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to
allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining
an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials,
this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative
works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.<a class="self" href="#rfc.boilerplate.2.p.3">¶</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<hr class="noprint">
<nav id="rfc.toc">
<h2 class="np"><a href="#rfc.toc">Table of Contents</a></h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.1.1">1.1.</a> <a href="#requirements.notation">Requirements Notation</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.1.2">1.2.</a> <a href="#notation">Syntax Notation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.2">2.</a> <a href="#http.message">Message</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.2.1">2.1.</a> <a href="#message.format">Message Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.2.2">2.2.</a> <a href="#message.parsing">Message Parsing</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.2.3">2.3.</a> <a href="#http.version">HTTP Version</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3">3.</a> <a href="#request.line">Request Line</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.1">3.1.</a> <a href="#request.method">Method</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2">3.2.</a> <a href="#request.target">Request Target</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2.1">3.2.1.</a> <a href="#origin-form">origin-form</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2.2">3.2.2.</a> <a href="#absolute-form">absolute-form</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2.3">3.2.3.</a> <a href="#authority-form">authority-form</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2.4">3.2.4.</a> <a href="#asterisk-form">asterisk-form</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.3.3">3.3.</a> <a href="#reconstructing.target.uri">Reconstructing the Target URI</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.4">4.</a> <a href="#status.line">Status Line</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.5">5.</a> <a href="#header.field.syntax">Field Syntax</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.5.1">5.1.</a> <a href="#field.parsing">Field Line Parsing</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.5.2">5.2.</a> <a href="#line.folding">Obsolete Line Folding</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.6">6.</a> <a href="#message.body">Message Body</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.6.1">6.1.</a> <a href="#field.transfer-encoding">Transfer-Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.6.2">6.2.</a> <a href="#body.content-length">Content-Length</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.6.3">6.3.</a> <a href="#message.body.length">Message Body Length</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7">7.</a> <a href="#transfer.codings">Transfer Codings</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.1">7.1.</a> <a href="#chunked.encoding">Chunked Transfer Coding</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.1.1">7.1.1.</a> <a href="#chunked.extension">Chunk Extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.1.2">7.1.2.</a> <a href="#chunked.trailer.section">Chunked Trailer Section</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.1.3">7.1.3.</a> <a href="#decoding.chunked">Decoding Chunked</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.2">7.2.</a> <a href="#compression.codings">Transfer Codings for Compression</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.3">7.3.</a> <a href="#transfer.coding.registry">Transfer Coding Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.7.4">7.4.</a> <a href="#transfer.coding.negotiation">Negotiating Transfer Codings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.8">8.</a> <a href="#incomplete.messages">Handling Incomplete Messages</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9">9.</a> <a href="#connection.management">Connection Management</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.1">9.1.</a> <a href="#persistent.establishment">Establishment</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.2">9.2.</a> <a href="#associating.response.to.request">Associating a Response to a Request</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.3">9.3.</a> <a href="#persistent.connections">Persistence</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.3.1">9.3.1.</a> <a href="#persistent.retrying.requests">Retrying Requests</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.3.2">9.3.2.</a> <a href="#pipelining">Pipelining</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.4">9.4.</a> <a href="#persistent.concurrency">Concurrency</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.5">9.5.</a> <a href="#persistent.failures">Failures and Timeouts</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.6">9.6.</a> <a href="#persistent.tear-down">Tear-down</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.7">9.7.</a> <a href="#tls.connection.initiation">TLS Connection Initiation</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.9.8">9.8.</a> <a href="#tls.connection.closure">TLS Connection Closure</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.10">10.</a> <a href="#enclosing.messages">Enclosing Messages as Data</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.10.1">10.1.</a> <a href="#media.type.message.http">Media Type message/http</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.10.2">10.2.</a> <a href="#media.type.application.http">Media Type application/http</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.11">11.</a> <a href="#security.considerations">Security Considerations</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.11.1">11.1.</a> <a href="#response.splitting">Response Splitting</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.11.2">11.2.</a> <a href="#request.smuggling">Request Smuggling</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.11.3">11.3.</a> <a href="#message.integrity">Message Integrity</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.11.4">11.4.</a> <a href="#message.confidentiality">Message Confidentiality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.12">12.</a> <a href="#IANA.considerations">IANA Considerations</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.12.1">12.1.</a> <a href="#field.name.registration">Field Name Registration</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.12.2">12.2.</a> <a href="#media.type.http">Media Type Registration</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.12.3">12.3.</a> <a href="#transfer.coding.registration">Transfer Coding Registration</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.12.4">12.4.</a> <a href="#alpn.registration">ALPN Protocol ID Registration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.13">13.</a> <a href="#rfc.references">References</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.13.1">13.1.</a> <a href="#rfc.references.1">Normative References</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.13.2">13.2.</a> <a href="#rfc.references.2">Informative References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.A">Appendix A.</a> <a href="#collected.abnf">Collected ABNF</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B">Appendix B.</a> <a href="#differences.between.http.and.mime">Differences between HTTP and MIME</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.1">B.1.</a> <a href="#mime-version">MIME-Version</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.2">B.2.</a> <a href="#conversion.to.canonical.form">Conversion to Canonical Form</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.3">B.3.</a> <a href="#conversion.of.date.formats">Conversion of Date Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.4">B.4.</a> <a href="#conversion.of.content-encoding">Conversion of Content-Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.5">B.5.</a> <a href="#conversion.of.content-transfer-encoding">Conversion of Content-Transfer-Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.B.6">B.6.</a> <a href="#mhtml.line.length">MHTML and Line Length Limitations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C">Appendix C.</a> <a href="#changes">Changes from Previous RFCs</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.1">C.1.</a> <a href="#changes.from.0.9">Changes from HTTP/0.9</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.2">C.2.</a> <a href="#changes.from.1.0">Changes from HTTP/1.0</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.2.1">C.2.1.</a> <a href="#changes.to.simplify.multihomed.web.servers.and.conserve.ip.addresses">Multihomed Web Servers</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.2.2">C.2.2.</a> <a href="#compatibility.with.http.1.0.persistent.connections">Keep-Alive Connections</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.2.3">C.2.3.</a> <a href="#introduction.of.transfer-encoding">Introduction of Transfer-Encoding</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.C.3">C.3.</a> <a href="#changes.from.rfc.7230">Changes from RFC 7230</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.D">Appendix D.</a> <a href="#change.log">Change Log</a><ul>
<li><a href="#rfc.section.D.1">D.1.</a> <a href="#changes.since.19">Since draft-ietf-httpbis-messaging-19</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#acks">Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.index">Index</a></li>
<li><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section id="introduction">
<h2 id="rfc.section.1" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<div id="rfc.section.1.p.1" class="avoidbreakafter">
<p>The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level request/response
protocol that uses extensible semantics and self-descriptive messages for flexible
interaction with network-based hypertext information systems. HTTP/1.1 is defined
by:<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.p.2">
<ul>
<li>This document</li>
<li>"HTTP Semantics" <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.1"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a></li>
<li>"HTTP Caching" <a href="#CACHING" id="rfc.xref.CACHING.1"><cite title="HTTP Caching">[CACHING]</cite></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.p.3">
<p>This document specifies how HTTP semantics are conveyed using the HTTP/1.1 message
syntax, framing, and connection management mechanisms. Its goal is to define the complete
set of requirements for HTTP/1.1 message parsers and message-forwarding intermediaries.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.p.3">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.p.4">
<p>This document obsoletes the portions of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">RFC 7230</cite></a> related to HTTP/1.1 messaging and connection management, with the changes being summarized
in <a href="#changes.from.rfc.7230" title="Changes from RFC 7230">Appendix C.3</a>. The other parts of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">RFC 7230</cite></a> are obsoleted by "HTTP Semantics" <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.2"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.p.4">¶</a></p>
</div>
<section id="requirements.notation">
<h3 id="rfc.section.1.1"><a href="#rfc.section.1.1">1.1.</a> <a href="#requirements.notation">Requirements Notation</a></h3>
<div id="rfc.section.1.1.p.1">
<p>The key words "<em class="bcp14">MUST</em>", "<em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em>", "<em class="bcp14">REQUIRED</em>", "<em class="bcp14">SHALL</em>", "<em class="bcp14">SHALL NOT</em>", "<em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em>", "<em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class="bcp14">RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="bcp14">NOT RECOMMENDED</em>", "<em class="bcp14">MAY</em>", and "<em class="bcp14">OPTIONAL</em>" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 <a href="#RFC2119" id="rfc.xref.RFC2119.1"><cite title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">[RFC2119]</cite></a> <a href="#RFC8174" id="rfc.xref.RFC8174.1"><cite title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">[RFC8174]</cite></a> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.1.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.1.p.2">
<p>Conformance criteria and considerations regarding error handling are defined in <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#conformance" title="Conformance">Section 2</a> of <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.3"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.1.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="notation">
<h3 id="rfc.section.1.2"><a href="#rfc.section.1.2">1.2.</a> <a href="#notation">Syntax Notation</a></h3>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.1">
<p>This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of <a href="#RFC5234" id="rfc.xref.RFC5234.1"><cite title="Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF">[RFC5234]</cite></a>, extended with the notation for case-sensitivity in strings defined in <a href="#RFC7405" id="rfc.xref.RFC7405.1"><cite title="Case-Sensitive String Support in ABNF">[RFC7405]</cite></a>.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.1">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.2">
<p>It also uses a list extension, defined in <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#abnf.extension" title="Lists (#rule ABNF Extension)">Section 5.6.1</a> of <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.4"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, that allows for compact definition of comma-separated lists using a "#" operator
(similar to how the "*" operator indicates repetition). <a href="#collected.abnf" title="Collected ABNF">Appendix A</a> shows the collected grammar with all list operators expanded to standard ABNF notation.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.2">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.3">
<p>As a convention, ABNF rule names prefixed with "obs-" denote obsolete grammar rules
that appear for historical reasons.<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.3">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.4">
<p id="core.rules">The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in <a href="#RFC5234" id="rfc.xref.RFC5234.2"><cite title="Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF">[RFC5234]</cite></a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5234.html#appendix-B.1">Appendix B.1</a>: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF (CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal
0-9), DQUOTE (double quote), HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), HTAB (horizontal tab),
LF (line feed), OCTET (any 8-bit sequence of data), SP (space), and VCHAR (any visible <a href="#USASCII" id="rfc.xref.USASCII.1"><cite title="Coded Character Set -- 7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange">[USASCII]</cite></a> character).<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.4">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.5" class="avoidbreakafter">
<p id="imported.rules">The rules below are defined in <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.5"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>:<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.5">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.6">
<pre class="inline prettyprint lang-ietf_abnf"> <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" class="smpl">BWS</a> = <BWS, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.6"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" title="Whitespace">Section 5.6.3</a>>
<a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" class="smpl">OWS</a> = <OWS, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.7"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" title="Whitespace">Section 5.6.3</a>>
<a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" class="smpl">RWS</a> = <RWS, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.8"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#whitespace" title="Whitespace">Section 5.6.3</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">absolute-path</a> = <absolute-path, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.9"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#uri.references" title="URI References">Section 4.1</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">field-name</a> = <field-name, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.10"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#fields.names" title="Field Names">Section 5.1</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">field-value</a> = <field-value, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.11"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#fields.values" title="Field Values">Section 5.5</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">obs-text</a> = <obs-text, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.12"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#quoted.strings" title="Quoted Strings">Section 5.6.4</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">quoted-string</a> = <quoted-string, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.13"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#quoted.strings" title="Quoted Strings">Section 5.6.4</a>>
<a href="#imported.rules" class="smpl">token</a> = <token, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.14"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#tokens" title="Tokens">Section 5.6.2</a>>
<a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#field.te" class="smpl">transfer-coding</a> =
<transfer-coding, see <a href="#HTTP" id="rfc.xref.HTTP.15"><cite title="HTTP Semantics">[HTTP]</cite></a>, <a href="draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics-latest.html#field.te" title="TE">Section 10.1.4</a>>
</pre>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.7" class="avoidbreakafter">
<p id="imported.uri.rules">The rules below are defined in <a href="#URI" id="rfc.xref.URI.1"><cite title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[URI]</cite></a>:<a class="self" href="#rfc.section.1.2.p.7">¶</a></p>
</div>
<div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.8">
<pre class="inline prettyprint lang-ietf_abnf"> <a href="#imported.uri.rules" class="smpl">absolute-URI</a> = <absolute-URI, see <a href="#URI" id="rfc.xref.URI.2"><cite title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[URI]</cite></a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986.html#section-4.3">Section 4.3</a>>