[2005.14165] Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

[ShellLM]

• [2005.14165] Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

[2005.14165] Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Recent work has demonstrated substantial gains on many NLP tasks and benchmarks by pre-training on a large corpus of text followed by fine-tuning on a specific task. While typically task-agnostic in architecture, this method still requires task-specific fine-tuning datasets of thousands or tens of thousands of examples. By contrast, humans can generally perform a new language task from only a few examples or from simple instructions - something which current NLP systems still largely struggle to do. Here we show that scaling up language models greatly improves task-agnostic, few-shot performance, sometimes even reaching competitiveness with prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Specifically, we train GPT-3, an autoregressive language model with 175 billion parameters, 10x more than any previous non-sparse language model, and test its performance in the few-shot setting. For all tasks, GPT-3 is applied without any gradient updates or fine-tuning, with tasks and few-shot demonstrations specified purely via text interaction with the model. GPT-3 achieves strong performance on many NLP datasets, including translation, question-answering, and cloze tasks, as well as several tasks that require on-the-fly reasoning or domain adaptation, such as unscrambling words, using a novel word in a sentence, or performing 3-digit arithmetic. At the same time, we also identify some datasets where GPT-3's few-shot learning still struggles, as well as some datasets where GPT-3 faces methodological issues related to training on large web corpora. Finally, we find that GPT-3 can generate samples of news articles which human evaluators have difficulty distinguishing from articles written by humans. We discuss broader societal impacts of this finding and of GPT-3 in general.

Comments: 40+32 pages
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2005.14165 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2005.14165v4 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.14165

Suggested labels

None

[ShellLM]

Related content

#897 similarity score: 0.9
#823 similarity score: 0.89
#686 similarity score: 0.88
#221 similarity score: 0.88
#769 similarity score: 0.87
#856 similarity score: 0.86