chore(deps)!: update to Angular 17

[just-jeb]

PR Checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

[ ] Bugfix
[ ] Feature
[ ] Code style update (formatting, local variables)
[ ] Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
[ ] Build related changes
[ ] CI related changes
[ ] Documentation content changes
[x] Other... Please describe: Upgrade to Angular 17

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

[x] Yes
[ ] No

Other information

This is a fixed version of #1514 (without hardcoded version bump).
@arturovt FYI version bump is performed by CI, no need to bump it manually. Otherwise it may result in a double bump (and publish v18 by mistake).

Closes #1512