Unable to start WSL after system update

[blu]

Environment

Windows build number: Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19041.572]
Your Distribution version: Ubuntu 20.04
Whether the issue is on WSL 2 and/or WSL 1: WSL2

Steps to reproduce

Attempting to start WSL right after a system update on a Microsoft Surface Pro X yields error message The parameter is incorrect:

C:\WINDOWS\system32>wsl -l --all --verbose
  NAME            STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu-20.04    Stopped         2

C:\WINDOWS\system32>wsl
The parameter is incorrect.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>bash
The parameter is incorrect.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>

I couldn't collect WSL logs, but here's a Diagnostic Data Viewer event from around the time the system update took place:

Windows Modules Installer Worker

Description
Faulting Application Path: C:\Windows\WinSxS\arm64_microsoft-windows-servicingstack_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.19041.504_none_e781ef9f25fb1705\TiWorker.exe
Creation Time: 10/15/2020 12:20:09
Problem: WindowsWcpOtherFailure3
Status: Report sent

Problem signature
Problem Event Name:           WindowsWcpOtherFailure3
OsVersion:                    10.0.19041.504:1
File:                         wcp\componentstore\storelayout.cpp
Function:                     ComponentStore::CRawStoreLayout::HydrateFileUsingForwardAndReverseDeltas
Line:                         1682
Status:                       800f0984
StackHash:                    0x087fa5b4

Extra information about the problem
Bucket ID: 12ef76bfbb0dbab6ad86fbe134ff7a04 (2127664818654509572)

Expected behavior

Launch WSL2 successfully.

Actual behavior

C:\WINDOWS\system32>wsl -l --all --verbose
  NAME            STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu-20.04    Stopped         2

C:\WINDOWS\system32>wsl
The parameter is incorrect.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>bash
The parameter is incorrect.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>

[blu]

Issues seems like a duplicate of #6085 so feel free to close as such.

[licanhua]

dup of #6090