ncgis2017.html

<section>
    <h4>33 years of</h4>
    <h3>GRASS GIS</h3>
    <h4>as an innovation platform</h4>
    <p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
        Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</p>
    <p class="title-foot">
        <a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">NCSU</a>
        <a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/osgeorel/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">GeoForAll Lab</a>
        at
        <a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
        <br>
    </p>
    <p>30th NCGIS, Feb 22-24, 2017, Raleigh NC</p>
</section>


<section data-years="1983">
<h3>The beginning</h3>
<ul>
    <li>1980-1982: Ideas, predecessors and prototypes
    <li>1983: First reference manual published
    <li>
        1985: Geographic Resources Analysis
              Support System 1.0 released
</ul>
<img src="img/fort_hood_gis.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 1987">
<p class="small">
    Let William Shatner do the introduction
</p>
<video data-autoplay controls loop class="stretch">
    <source src="img/grassmovie_1min.mp4" type="video/mp4">
 Your browser does not support the video tag.
    </source>
</video>
<p class="small">
    see full 15 min video at
    <a href="https://av.tib.eu/media/12963">av.tib.eu/media/12963</a>
</p>
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS now</h3>
<img src="img/hexagons_python_editor.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS</h3>
<ul>
<li>over 30 years of development
</ul>
<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS</h3>

<ul>
<li>vector, 2D/3D raster, imagery
<li>single integrated software
</ul>

<img src="img/count_and_modules.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS</h3>

<ul>
<li>GUI, CLI, Python API, C API
<li>backend processing for QGIS, R, ..., OpenDroneMap
</ul>

<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS</h3>

<ul>
<li>free
    <ul>
        <li>use when you need, pay when you can
        <li>zero license cost, no license servers
    </ul>
<li>user-driven development
    <ul>
        <li>users directly interact with developers
    </ul>
</ul>

<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2006 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://osgeo.org/">OSGeo Foundation</a> project
</ul>

<img src="img/osgeo_project.svg" class="stretch" alt="OSGeo Project label">
</section>


<section>
<h2>Old Innovations Are Still Serving Now</h2>
<p class="small">
    * The list is incomplete.
</section>


<section data-years="1993 2002 2008 2017">
    <h3>Solar radiation modeling</h3>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0em; padding-bottom: 0em">
    <li>available since 1993
    <!-- 2017: more than 17 years as tracked by Subversion-->
    <li>renewed multiple times
        <ul class="small">
            <li>major changes in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008
        </ul>
    <li style="margin-bottom: 0em; padding-bottom: 0em">parallelized version coming in 7.4
</ul>
<p class="small" style="margin-top: 0em !important; padding-top: 0em !important">
    summer solstice dynamics on lidar DEM
</p>
<img  class="stretch" src="img/summer_solstice_centennial.gif">
</section>


<section data-years="1989 2011">
<h3>Watershed and stream extraction</h3>

<ul>
    <li>unique least cost path algorithm (1989)
    <ul class="small">
        <li>no depression filling needed
        <li>first worldwide map of watersheds
    </ul>
    <li>updated for massive data sets (2011)
</ul>
<img src="img/basins.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2002 2016">
<h3>Vector topology cleaning</h3>
<ul>
    <li>introduced in 2002
    <li>continuous improvements
</ul>
<img src="img/topology_cleaning.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1992 2011">
<!--
    Brown and Gerdes, 1992: SG3d - supporting information
    Brown and Astley, 1995: NVIZ
          (It evolved from the earlier GRASS program SG3d)
-->
<h3>3D view</h3>
<ul>
    <li>visualization and analytical visualization
</ul>
<p class="small">
    reviewing UAV fligh path
</p>
<img src="img/drone_3d.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1993 2017">
<h3>Multivariate splines</h3>
<ul>
    <li>2D, 3D and 4D interpolation with tension
    <li>simultaneous topographic analysis
        <span class="small">(gradients, curvatures)</span>
    <li>parallelized version coming in 7.4
        <span class="small">(useful for lidar)</span> <!-- 2015-2016 -->
    <li>fast spline interpolation as an addon
</ul>
<img src="img/interpolation_precip_vvolrst.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2005 2016">
<h3>64bit version</h3>
<ul>
    <li>since 2005 on Linux, Mac, Unix
    <li>can use more than 4GB RAM
    <li>long established 64bit
        <span class="small">(nobody even talks about it)</span>
    <li>since 2016 on MS Windows
    <li>also: large file support
        <span class="small">even on 32bit MS Windows</span>
</ul>
<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1983 2017">
<h3>Operating system support</h3>

<ul>
<li>Windows, Mac, Linux
<li>FreeBSD, IBM AIX, ...
<ul class="small">
    <li>accessible source code
</ul>
<li>running on
    <ul>
        <li>High-Performance Computing clusters
            <ul class="small">
                <li>license does not limit number of cores or users
            </ul>
        <li>Raspberry Pi
    </ul>
</ul>

<img src="img/count_and_modules.png" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    GUI on Ubuntu
</section>


<section>
<h2>Innovation with stability</h2>
</section>


<section data-years="2002 2017">
<h3>2002 code in 2017?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Command line code with raster algebra
<li>from the 1st edition of the "GRASS book"
    <span class="small">(Neteler, Mitasova)</span>
<li>for version 5 pre-release, 2002
</ul>
<pre>
r.mapcalc depr.bin="if((elev - fill)&lt; 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>

</section>


<section data-years="2002 2017">
<h3>Return of investment</h3>

version 5 pre-release and works as is in 7.2:
<pre>r.mapcalc depr.bin="if((elev - fill)&lt; 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>

better:
<pre>r.mapcalc <em style="color: red;">"</em>depr<em style="color: red;">_</em>bin<em style="background-color: #FFDDDD;"> = </em>if((elev - fill) &lt; 0., 1, 0)"
</pre>
</section>


<section data-years="2008 2014">
<h3>Replaced module</h3>
<ul>
    <li>r.los replaced by r.viewshed in 7.0
    <li>r.viewshed much faster than r.los
    <li>existed together for some time in 6.x
    <li>r.los still available in Addons
</ul>
<img src="img/r_viewshed.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS 7.0</h2>
</section>


<section data-years="2011">
<h3>Geomorphons</h3>
<ul>
    <li>landform detection
    <li>basic landforms extracted for the entire US
    <li class="small">by Spatial Informatics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati
</ul>
<img src="img/us_geom_26642.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2012">
<h3>Image segmentation</h3>
<ul>
    <li>created in 2012
        <span class="small">during Google Summer of Code</span>
    <li>greatly improved in 2013
        <span class="small">at GRASS GIS Community Sprint</span>
    <li>...
    <li>4 other developers contributed in 2016
</ul>
<img src="img/i_segment.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2014">
<h3>Spatio-temporal Framework</h3>
<ul>
    <li>space and time for 2D, 3D rasters and vectors
    <li>animation, plot one place over time, query, aggregation,
        conversion, statistics, gap filling
</ul>
<img src="img/temporal_precip_temp.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2003 2009 2014">
<h3>Vector network analysis</h3>

<ul>
    <li>2003: shortest path, traveling salesman, ...
    <li>2009: centrality measures, connected components, ...
    <li>2014: turn cost in network nodes
</ul>
<img src="img/network.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h2>More than just code</h2>
</section>


<section>
<h3>Link to research papers</h3>
<img src="img/module_references.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>Public author &amp; accessible code</h3>
<img src="img/module_author_source.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1991">
<h3>Discussions archived</h3>
<img src="img/mailing_list.png" class="stretch">
<p>
since 1991
</section>


<section>
<h3>Addons repository</h3>
<ul>
    <li>user contributed modules, plugins, tools, functions
    <li>almost 300
    <li>distributed to users
    <li>including compiled C and C++ for MS Windows
    <li>automatically generated GUI
        <span class="small">for Python and C/C++</span>
</ul>
<img src="img/addons.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>User-reviewed implementation</h3>
<ul>
    <li>user tested the module
    <li>discovered error in equation in code
</ul>
<img src="img/bug_in_equation.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>Reduced limits</h3>
<ul>
    <li>"people limited by tools" issue
    <li><em>GRASS GIS covers many fields</em>
    <li>for example, no borders between remote sensing and vector network analysis
</ul>
<img src="img/modules_tab.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h2>User Interfaces</h2>
</section>


<section data-years="1983 1990">
<h3>Command Line Interface</h3>

<pre>r.fill.dir input=elev output=fill direction=dir
</pre>

scripting with shell, Bash, cmd.exe, ...

<!-- letter-dot naming for modules introduced as standard in 4.0 (1990) -->

</section>


<section data-years="1990">
<h3>Graphical User Interface</h3>
<img src="img/grass_gui.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<!-- In the early 1990s X-windows user interface -->

<section>
<h3>Graphical Modeler</h3>
<img src="img/grass_gmodeler.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1990 2008 2012">
<h3>Python</h3>

<!--
Python conceived in the late 1980s
Implementation began in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum
Python: os.system mentioned in 1.4 doc, exec... documented, Dec 1996
GRASS GIS: Jul 20, 2008, r32179
-->

<ul>
    <li>since Python existed (90s)
    <li>API and use in GRASS GIS itself in 2008
    <li>grass package part of GRASS GIS
    <li>access to GRASS GIS C functions and objects
</ul>
<pre><code>import grass.script as gs
gs.run_command('r.fill.dir', input='elev',
               output='fill', direction='dir')
</code></pre>
</section>


<section data-years="2016">
<h3>Python</h3>
<ul>
    <li>since GRASS GIS 7.2 also integrated editor
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_pyedit.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>R</h3>

<ul>
    <li>rgrass7 package
        <ul>
            <li>not part of GRASS GIS but well established
        </ul>
    <li>also accessible through RQGIS
</ul>
<pre><code>execGRASS("r.fill.dir", input = "elev",
          output = "fill", direction = "dir")
</code></pre>

</section>


<section>
<h3>Other languages</h3>

<ul>
    <li>C
        <ul>
            <li>used by GRASS GIS itself
            <li>works for C++
        </ul>
    <li>Perl
    <li>PHP
    <li>Java (JGrasstools, gvSIG)
    <li>Web Processing Service (ZOO or PyWPS)
    <li>Jupyter (methods, code and results together)
    <li>Ruby (dedicated interface: grassgis gem)
</ul>

<pre><code>r.fill.dir input: 'elev', output: 'fill',
           direction: 'dir'
</code></pre>

</section>


<section>
<h3>QGIS Processing Plugin</h3>

<ul>
    <li>access to most of GRASS GIS modules
    <li>unified interface to GDAL, SAGA, OTB, ...
    <li>Python interface as well
</ul>
<img src="img/qgis_processing.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>QGIS GRASS Plugin</h3>

<ul>
    <li>access to almost all of GRASS GIS modules
    <li>seamless integration with GRASS GIS native database
    <li>includes also CLI (GRASS shell)
</ul>
<img src="img/qgis_grass.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="1994 2017">
<h3>GRASS GIS in Cloud</h3>

<ul>
    <li>GRASSLinks: A WWW interface to GIS (1994-1998)
    <li>Secure Shell (since 1995)
        <ul>
            <li>client-server
            <li>HPC clusters
        </ul>
    <li>...
    <li>ESA PROBA-V Mission Exploitation Platform
    <li>rollApp <span class="small">*<a href="https://www.rollapp.com/app/grassgis">rollApp.com</a></span>
    <li>GRaaS (GRASS GIS as a Service) <span class="small">*<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/en/high-performance-computing">mundialis.de</a></span>
</ul>
</section>


<section data-years="1987">
<h3>Command Line</h3>
<img src="img/cmdline_grass_movide.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2017">
<h3>Command Line</h3>
<img src="img/cmdline_tangible.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2006 2014">
<!--
    Mitasova et al. (2006). Real-time landscape model...
    Petrasova et al. (2014). GIS-based environmental modeling...
-->
<h3>Tangible Landscape</h3>
<p>
a tangible user interface
<img src="img/tangible_landscape.jpg">
</section>


<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS 7.2 and ongoing work</h2>
</section>


<section data-years="2013">
<h3>Temporal Algebra</h3>
<ul>
    <li>temporal buffers, overlays, relations, operators
    <li>includes spatial 2D raster, 3D raster and vector algebra
    <li>operates on time series
        <span class="small">(e.g. of climate data)</span>
    <li>prototype available in 2013, full version in 7.2
</ul>
<pre>D = if(start_date(A) &lt; "2005-01-01", A &amp; B)
</pre>
<img src="img/temporal_htc.png" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    Hydro-thermal coefficients for 2003 and 2007 for Germany
</p>
<p class="credit">
    (image from Leppelt and Gebbert, 2015)
</p>
</section>


<section data-years="2014">
<h3>FUTURES</h3>
<p>
    urban growth modeling
</p>
<img src="img/futures.jpg" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    projected development around Asheville, NC
<p class="credit">
    (research at NC State University, Center for Geospatial Analytics)
</p>
</section>


<section data-years="2016">
<h3>Default Color Table</h3>
<p>
    Perceptually uniform &mdash; viridis
<p class="small">
    following Matplotlib
</p>
<img src="img/viridis_comparison.png" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    viridis and rainbow and their luminance
</section>

<section data-years="2016">
<h3>Itzï</h3>
<p>
    flood simulation
</p>
<img src="img/itzi.png" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    June 2007 floods in the city of Hull, UK,
    image from <a href="https://www.itzi.org/example/">itzi.org</a>
</section>


<section data-years="2017">
<h3>SLIC Superpixels</h3>
<img src="img/slic_request.png" alt="Would someone be interested in implementing SLIC image segmentation?" class="stretch">
<p class="small">
    SLIC: Simple Linear Iterative Clustering
</section>


<section data-years="2017">
<h3>SLIC Superpixels</h3>
<img src="img/slic_post.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2017">
<h3>SLIC Superpixels</h3>
5 months later
<img src="img/slic_closed.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section data-years="2017">
<h3>SLIC Superpixels</h3>
<img src="img/i_superpixels_slic_ndvi.png" class="stretch">
</section>


<section>
<h3>Resources</h3>

<ul>
    <li>
        Full list of
        <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass72/manuals/graphical_index.html">core modules</a>
        and official
        <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass72/manuals/addons">addon modules</a>
    <li>
        <a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-intro-workshop/">Introduction to GRASS GIS</a>
    <li>
        <a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/python-grass-addon">How to write a Python GRASS GIS 7 addon</a>
    <li>
        <a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
        Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
    <li>
        <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Workshop_on_urban_growth_modeling_with_FUTURES">
        Urban growth modeling with FUTURES</a>
    <li>
        Books (co-)authored at NC State:
        <ul>
            <li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
            <li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS (pre-print available)
            <li>GIS-based Analysis of Coastal Lidar Time-Series
        </ul>
</ul>
</section>


<section>
<img src="img/grasslogo_variant_nobg.png" alt="GRASS GIS logo" style="height: 300px;">
<p>
    Get your lifelong license now!
<p>
    <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org">grass.osgeo.org</a>
<p class="small">
    Slides
    <br>
    <a href="https://goo.gl/LVZY8t">goo.gl/LVZY8t</a>
    <br>
    GRASS GIS Raleigh meetups
    <br>
    <a href="https://goo.gl/hXbzE4">goo.gl/hXbzE4</a>
</section>