feat(stdlib): Add higher order array functions

[jfecher]

Related issue(s)

Resolves #831

Description

Adds some higher order array functions to the stdlib.

Summary of changes

Adds:

• std::array::map, map has been removed as we would need to support the syntax [expr; comptime expr] where we can initialize an array of any comptime length. Today it is limited to only integer literals or globals rather than any length expression.
• std::array::fold
• std::array::reduce - like fold but uses the first element in the array as the accumulator value.
• std::array::find find has also been removed. The negative numbers seemed to cause issues that prevented proving/verification.
• std::array::sort_via
• std::array::all
• std::array::any

Test additions / changes

Tests these functions in the higher_order_functions test.

Checklist

• I have tested the changes locally.
• I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt with default settings.
• I have linked this PR to the issue(s) that it resolves.
• I have reviewed the changes on GitHub, line by line.
• I have ensured all changes are covered in the description.
• This PR requires documentation updates when merged.

[kevaundray]

From slack: This is blocked by 618

[jfecher]

@kevaundray this is not blocked by #618, I've removed the for each loops in favor of normal for loops.

[kevaundray]

Ah sorry, an obvious oversight on my part, re the for loops