diff --git a/README b/README
index e90519811..37524abc9 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ librsvg-og
 This is librsvg-og (read: librsvg "old gen") - A small library to render
 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). It has been created as a fork of the original
 librsvg of version 2.40.20, which was the last stable release untainted by rust
-additions. librsvg-ng performs the same task as the original librsvg, to render
+additions. librsvg-og performs the same task as the original librsvg, to render
 SVG files to Cairo surfaces, and should be a drop-in replacement for librsvg,
 assuming no API-breaking changes by upstream.
 
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 3b1ebe869..35dcd47eb 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 m4_define([rsvg_major_version],[2])
 m4_define([rsvg_minor_version],[40])
-m4_define([rsvg_micro_version],[20])
+m4_define([rsvg_micro_version],[21])
 m4_define([rsvg_extra_version],[])
 m4_define([rsvg_version],[rsvg_major_version.rsvg_minor_version.rsvg_micro_version()rsvg_extra_version])
 m4_define([rsvg_lt_version_info],m4_eval(rsvg_major_version + rsvg_minor_version):rsvg_micro_version:rsvg_minor_version)
 
-AC_INIT([RSVG],[rsvg_version],[https://bugzilla.gnome.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=librsvg],[librsvg])
+AC_INIT([RSVG],[rsvg_version],[https://github.com/oaken-source/librsvg-og/issues],[librsvg])
 
 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([rsvg.h])
diff --git a/rsvg-base.c b/rsvg-base.c
index b637f93bf..756f149ae 100644
--- a/rsvg-base.c
+++ b/rsvg-base.c
@@ -705,12 +705,36 @@ rsvg_start_xinclude (RsvgHandle * ctx, RsvgPropertyBag * atts)
 
 /* end xinclude */
 
+static gboolean
+loading_limits_exceeded (RsvgHandle *handle)
+{
+    /* This is a mitigation for SVG files which create millions of elements
+     * in an attempt to exhaust memory.  We don't allow loading more than
+     * this number of elements during the initial streaming load process.
+     */
+    return handle->priv->num_loaded_elements > 200000;
+}
+
 static void
 rsvg_start_element (void *data, const xmlChar * name, const xmlChar ** atts)
 {
     RsvgPropertyBag *bag;
     RsvgHandle *ctx = (RsvgHandle *) data;
 
+    /* In a different way from librsvg 2.42, we do the following check here, not
+     * in rsvg_standard_element_start() as it is done there.  This is because
+     * librsvg 2.40 still creates nodes for <title> and <metadata> elements, and
+     * we'd like to prevent unbounded memory consuption for those elements, too.
+     */
+    if (loading_limits_exceeded (ctx)) {
+        g_set_error (ctx->priv->error, RSVG_ERROR, 0, "instancing limit");
+
+        xmlStopParser (ctx->priv->ctxt);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ctx->priv->num_loaded_elements += 1;
+
     bag = rsvg_property_bag_new ((const char **) atts);
 
     if (ctx->priv->handler) {
@@ -1387,6 +1411,7 @@ rsvg_handle_get_dimensions_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgDimensionData * dimensi
     RsvgNodeSvg *root = NULL;
     RsvgNode *sself = NULL;
     RsvgBbox bbox;
+    gboolean retval = FALSE;
 
     gboolean handle_subelement = TRUE;
 
@@ -1446,6 +1471,12 @@ rsvg_handle_get_dimensions_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgDimensionData * dimensi
         rsvg_node_draw (handle->priv->treebase, draw, 0);
         bbox = RSVG_CAIRO_RENDER (draw->render)->bbox;
 
+        if (rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (draw)) {
+            retval = FALSE;
+        } else {
+            retval = TRUE;
+        }
+
         cairo_restore (cr);
         rsvg_state_pop (draw);
         rsvg_drawing_ctx_free (draw);
@@ -1463,6 +1494,8 @@ rsvg_handle_get_dimensions_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgDimensionData * dimensi
         dimension_data->height = (int) (_rsvg_css_hand_normalize_length (&root->h, handle->priv->dpi_y,
                                          bbox.rect.height + bbox.rect.y * 2,
                                          12) + 0.5);
+
+        retval = TRUE;
     }
     
     dimension_data->em = dimension_data->width;
@@ -1472,7 +1505,7 @@ rsvg_handle_get_dimensions_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgDimensionData * dimensi
         (*handle->priv->size_func) (&dimension_data->width, &dimension_data->height,
                                     handle->priv->user_data);
 
-    return TRUE;
+    return retval;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1498,7 +1531,7 @@ rsvg_handle_get_position_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgPositionData * position_d
     RsvgDimensionData    dimension_data;
     cairo_surface_t		*target = NULL;
     cairo_t				*cr = NULL;
-    gboolean			 ret = FALSE;
+    gboolean			 retval = FALSE;
 
     g_return_val_if_fail (handle, FALSE);
     g_return_val_if_fail (position_data, FALSE);
@@ -1544,6 +1577,12 @@ rsvg_handle_get_position_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgPositionData * position_d
     rsvg_node_draw (handle->priv->treebase, draw, 0);
     bbox = RSVG_CAIRO_RENDER (draw->render)->bbox;
 
+    if (rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (draw)) {
+        retval = FALSE;
+    } else {
+        retval = TRUE;
+    }
+
     cairo_restore (cr);
     rsvg_state_pop (draw);
     rsvg_drawing_ctx_free (draw);
@@ -1560,15 +1599,13 @@ rsvg_handle_get_position_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, RsvgPositionData * position_d
         (*handle->priv->size_func) (&dimension_data.width, &dimension_data.height,
                                     handle->priv->user_data);
 
-    ret = TRUE;
-
 bail:
     if (cr)
         cairo_destroy (cr);
     if (target)
         cairo_surface_destroy (target);
 
-    return ret;
+    return retval;
 }
 
 /** 
@@ -2166,6 +2203,52 @@ rsvg_push_discrete_layer (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx)
     ctx->render->push_discrete_layer (ctx);
 }
 
+void
+rsvg_drawing_ctx_increase_num_elements_acquired (RsvgDrawingCtx *draw_ctx)
+{
+    draw_ctx->num_elements_acquired++;
+}
+
+/* This is a mitigation for the security-related bugs:
+ * https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/librsvg/issues/323
+ * https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/librsvg/issues/515
+ * 
+ * Imagine the XML [billion laughs attack], but done in SVG's terms:
+ * 
+ * - #323 above creates deeply nested groups of `<use>` elements.
+ * The first one references the second one ten times, the second one
+ * references the third one ten times, and so on.  In the file given,
+ * this causes 10^17 objects to be rendered.  While this does not
+ * exhaust memory, it would take a really long time.
+ * 
+ * - #515 has deeply nested references of `<pattern>` elements.  Each
+ * object inside each pattern has an attribute
+ * fill="url(#next_pattern)", so the number of final rendered objects
+ * grows exponentially.
+ * 
+ * We deal with both cases by placing a limit on how many references
+ * will be resolved during the SVG rendering process, that is,
+ * how many `url(#foo)` will be resolved.
+ * 
+ * [billion laughs attack]: https://bitbucket.org/tiran/defusedxml
+ */
+gboolean
+rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (RsvgDrawingCtx *draw_ctx)
+{
+    return draw_ctx->num_elements_acquired > 500000;
+}
+
+RsvgNode *
+rsvg_drawing_ctx_acquire_node_ref (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, RsvgNode *node)
+{
+  if (g_slist_find (ctx->acquired_nodes, node))
+    return NULL;
+
+  ctx->acquired_nodes = g_slist_prepend (ctx->acquired_nodes, node);
+
+  return node;
+}
+
 /*
  * rsvg_acquire_node:
  * @ctx: The drawing context in use
@@ -2186,16 +2269,18 @@ rsvg_acquire_node (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, const char *url)
 {
   RsvgNode *node;
 
+  if (url == NULL)
+      return NULL;
+
+  rsvg_drawing_ctx_increase_num_elements_acquired (ctx);
+  if (rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (ctx))
+      return NULL;
+
   node = rsvg_defs_lookup (ctx->defs, url);
   if (node == NULL)
     return NULL;
 
-  if (g_slist_find (ctx->acquired_nodes, node))
-    return NULL;
-
-  ctx->acquired_nodes = g_slist_prepend (ctx->acquired_nodes, node);
-
-  return node;
+  return rsvg_drawing_ctx_acquire_node_ref (ctx, node);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/rsvg-cairo-render.c b/rsvg-cairo-render.c
index 19ba53270..1f4b08568 100644
--- a/rsvg-cairo-render.c
+++ b/rsvg-cairo-render.c
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ rsvg_cairo_new_drawing_ctx (cairo_t * cr, RsvgHandle * handle)
     draw->dpi_y = handle->priv->dpi_y;
     draw->vb.rect.width = data.em;
     draw->vb.rect.height = data.ex;
+    draw->num_elements_acquired = 0;
     draw->pango_context = NULL;
     draw->drawsub_stack = NULL;
     draw->acquired_nodes = NULL;
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ rsvg_handle_render_cairo_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, cairo_t * cr, const char *id)
 {
     RsvgDrawingCtx *draw;
     RsvgNode *drawsub = NULL;
+    gboolean retval = FALSE;
 
     g_return_val_if_fail (handle != NULL, FALSE);
 
@@ -247,11 +249,17 @@ rsvg_handle_render_cairo_sub (RsvgHandle * handle, cairo_t * cr, const char *id)
 
     rsvg_node_draw ((RsvgNode *) handle->priv->treebase, draw, 0);
 
+    if (rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (draw)) {
+        retval = FALSE;
+    } else {
+        retval = TRUE;
+    }
+
     cairo_restore (cr);
     rsvg_state_pop (draw);
     rsvg_drawing_ctx_free (draw);
 
-    return TRUE;
+    return retval;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/rsvg-private.h b/rsvg-private.h
index 8c3083dc2..82157bc21 100644
--- a/rsvg-private.h
+++ b/rsvg-private.h
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ struct RsvgHandlePrivate {
      */
     RsvgSaxHandler *handler;
     int handler_nest;
+    gsize num_loaded_elements;
 
     GHashTable *entities;       /* g_malloc'd string -> xmlEntityPtr */
 
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ struct RsvgDrawingCtx {
     RsvgState *state;
     GError **error;
     RsvgDefs *defs;
+    gsize num_elements_acquired;
     PangoContext *pango_context;
     double dpi_x, dpi_y;
     RsvgViewBox vb;
@@ -369,6 +371,10 @@ void rsvg_pop_discrete_layer    (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx);
 G_GNUC_INTERNAL
 void rsvg_push_discrete_layer   (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx);
 G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (RsvgDrawingCtx *draw_ctx);
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+RsvgNode *rsvg_drawing_ctx_acquire_node_ref     (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, RsvgNode *node);
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
 RsvgNode *rsvg_acquire_node     (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, const char *url);
 G_GNUC_INTERNAL
 void rsvg_release_node          (RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, RsvgNode *node);
diff --git a/rsvg-structure.c b/rsvg-structure.c
index 3c972e50a..88b7ce254 100644
--- a/rsvg-structure.c
+++ b/rsvg-structure.c
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ rsvg_node_draw (RsvgNode * self, RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, int dominate)
     RsvgState *state;
     GSList *stacksave;
 
+    if (rsvg_drawing_ctx_limits_exceeded (ctx))
+        return;
+
     state = self->state;
 
     stacksave = ctx->drawsub_stack;
@@ -159,27 +162,11 @@ rsvg_node_group_pack (RsvgNode * self, RsvgNode * child)
     child->parent = self;
 }
 
-static gboolean
-rsvg_node_is_ancestor (RsvgNode * potential_ancestor, RsvgNode * potential_descendant)
-{
-    /* work our way up the family tree */
-    while (TRUE) {
-        if (potential_ancestor == potential_descendant)
-            return TRUE;
-        else if (potential_descendant->parent == NULL)
-            return FALSE;
-        else
-            potential_descendant = potential_descendant->parent;
-    }
-
-    g_assert_not_reached ();
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
 static void
 rsvg_node_use_draw (RsvgNode * self, RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, int dominate)
 {
     RsvgNodeUse *use = (RsvgNodeUse *) self;
+    RsvgNode *self_acquired = NULL;
     RsvgNode *child;
     RsvgState *state;
     cairo_matrix_t affine;
@@ -191,14 +178,26 @@ rsvg_node_use_draw (RsvgNode * self, RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, int dominate)
 
     rsvg_state_reinherit_top (ctx, self->state, dominate);
 
-    if (use->link == NULL)
-      return;
+    /* <use> is an element that is used directly, unlike
+     * <pattern>, which is used through a fill="url(#...)"
+     * reference.  However, <use> will always reference another
+     * element, potentially itself or an ancestor of itself (or
+     * another <use> which references the first one, etc.).  So,
+     * we acquire the <use> element itself so that circular
+     * references can be caught.
+     */
+    self_acquired = rsvg_drawing_ctx_acquire_node_ref (ctx, self);
+    if (!self_acquired) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+
+    if (use->link == NULL) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+
     child = rsvg_acquire_node (ctx, use->link);
-    if (!child)
-        return;
-    else if (rsvg_node_is_ancestor (child, self)) {     /* or, if we're <use>'ing ourself */
-        rsvg_release_node (ctx, child);
-        return;
+    if (!child) {
+        goto out;
     }
 
     state = rsvg_current_state (ctx);
@@ -251,6 +250,12 @@ rsvg_node_use_draw (RsvgNode * self, RsvgDrawingCtx * ctx, int dominate)
 
         rsvg_release_node (ctx, child);
     }
+
+out:
+
+    if (self_acquired) {
+        rsvg_release_node (ctx, self_acquired);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index de1e6198f..637988c6a 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 include $(top_srcdir)/glib-tap.mk
 
+# Keep "errors" at the end; they are the slowest to run
 test_programs =		\
 	loading		\
 	rsvg-test	\
 	crash		\
 	styles		\
 	render-crash	\
-	dimensions
+	dimensions	\
+	errors
 
 test_utils_common_sources = \
 	test-utils.c	\
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ rsvg_test_SOURCES = \
 	rsvg-test.c	\
 	$(test_utils_common_sources)
 
+errors_SOURCES = 	\
+	errors.c	\
+	$(test_utils_common_sources)
+
 crash_SOURCES = \
 	crash.c		\
 	$(test_utils_common_sources)
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ dist_installed_test_data =						\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/resources/*)				\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/crash/*.svg)			\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/crash/*.png)			\
+	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/errors/*)				\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/loading/*)			\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/reftests/*.svg)			\
 	$(wildcard $(srcdir)/fixtures/reftests/*.png)			\
diff --git a/tests/errors.c b/tests/errors.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1eaf86c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/errors.c
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+/* vim: set ts=4 nowrap ai expandtab sw=4: */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+
+#include "rsvg.h"
+#include "test-utils.h"
+
+/* These tests are meant to test the error handlers in librsvg.  As of 2.44.x we
+ * don't have a public API that can actually report detailed errors; we just
+ * report a boolean success value from the rendering functions.  In time, we can
+ * add a richer API and test for specific errors here.
+ */
+
+static char *
+get_test_filename (const char *basename) {
+    return g_build_filename (test_utils_get_test_data_path (),
+                             "errors",
+                             basename,
+                             NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+test_loading_error (gconstpointer data)
+{
+    const char *basename = data;
+    char *filename = get_test_filename (basename);
+    RsvgHandle *handle;
+    GError *error = NULL;
+
+    handle = rsvg_handle_new_from_file (filename, &error);
+    g_free (filename);
+
+    g_assert (handle == NULL);
+    g_assert (g_error_matches (error, RSVG_ERROR, RSVG_ERROR_FAILED));
+
+    g_error_free (error);
+}
+
+static void
+test_instancing_limit (gconstpointer data)
+{
+    const char *basename = data;
+    char *filename = get_test_filename (basename);
+    RsvgHandle *handle;
+    GError *error = NULL;
+    cairo_surface_t *surf;
+    cairo_t *cr;
+
+    handle = rsvg_handle_new_from_file (filename, &error);
+    g_free (filename);
+    g_assert (handle != NULL);
+    g_assert (error == NULL);
+
+    surf = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, 1, 11);
+    cr = cairo_create (surf);
+
+    g_assert (!rsvg_handle_render_cairo (handle, cr));
+
+    g_object_unref (handle);
+}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    g_test_init (&argc, &argv, NULL);
+
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/instancing_limit/323-nested-use.svg",
+                               "323-nested-use.svg",
+                               test_instancing_limit,
+                               NULL);
+
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/instancing_limit/515-pattern-billion-laughs.svg",
+                               "515-pattern-billion-laughs.svg",
+                               test_instancing_limit,
+                               NULL);
+
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/instancing_limit/308-use-self-ref.svg",
+                               "308-use-self-ref.svg",
+                               test_instancing_limit,
+                               NULL);
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/instancing_limit/308-recursive-use.svg",
+                               "308-recursive-use.svg",
+                               test_instancing_limit,
+                               NULL);
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/instancing_limit/308-doubly-recursive-use.svg",
+                               "308-doubly-recursive-use.svg",
+                               test_instancing_limit,
+                               NULL);
+
+    g_test_add_data_func_full ("/errors/515-too-many-elements.svgz",
+                               "515-too-many-elements.svgz",
+                               test_loading_error,
+                               NULL);
+
+    return g_test_run ();
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/errors/308-doubly-recursive-use.svg b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-doubly-recursive-use.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b248a6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-doubly-recursive-use.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<svg>
+  <defs>
+    <g id="one">
+      <use xlink:href="#two"/>
+    </g>
+
+    <g id="two">
+      <use xlink:href="#one"/>
+    </g>
+  </defs>
+
+  <use xlink:href="#one"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/errors/308-recursive-use.svg b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-recursive-use.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5d00bf29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-recursive-use.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<svg>
+  <defs>
+    <g id="one">
+      <use xlink:href="#one"/>
+    </g>
+  </defs>
+
+  <use xlink:href="#one"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/errors/308-use-self-ref.svg b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-use-self-ref.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbf14c54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/errors/308-use-self-ref.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<svg>
+  <defs>
+    <use id="one" xlink:href="#one"/>
+  </defs>
+
+  <use xlink:href="#one"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/errors/323-nested-use.svg b/tests/fixtures/errors/323-nested-use.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..075b48eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/errors/323-nested-use.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" ?>
+<svg height="600" width="600" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
+  <defs >
+    <g id="l0">
+      <rect width="600" height="600" fill="black"/>
+    </g>
+    <g id="l1">
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(0,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(200,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(200,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(400,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(0,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(200,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(400,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l0" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
+    </g>
+    <g id="l2">
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(0,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(200,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(200,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(400,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(0,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(200,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(400,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l1" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
+    </g>
+    <g id="l3">
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(0,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(200,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(200,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(400,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(0,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(200,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(400,400) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l2" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
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+      <use xlink:href="#l3" transform="translate(200,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
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+      <use xlink:href="#l4" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
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+      <use xlink:href="#l8" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
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+    <g id="l12">
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+      <use xlink:href="#l15" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
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+      <use xlink:href="#l16" transform="translate(200,0) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l16" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l16" transform="translate(200,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
+      <use xlink:href="#l16" transform="translate(400,200) scale(0.3333333333333333)"/>
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+      <use xlink:href="#l16" transform="translate(500,0) rotate(45) scale(0.233)"/>
+    </g>
+  </defs>
+  <use xlink:href="#l17" transform="scale(1)"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/errors/515-pattern-billion-laughs.svg b/tests/fixtures/errors/515-pattern-billion-laughs.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cb6cbe8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/errors/515-pattern-billion-laughs.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
+  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg width="40cm" height="20cm" viewBox="0 0 800 400" version="1.1"
+     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#i)" stroke="yellow"/>
+    </pattern>
+	
+	<pattern id="i" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="1" y="1" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="brown" />
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+	  <rect x="3" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="grey" />
+	  <rect x="4" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="cyan" />
+	  <rect x="5" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="6" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="brown" />
+	  <rect x="7" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="pink" />
+	  <rect x="8" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="grey" />
+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#h)" stroke="cyan" />
+    </pattern>
+	
+	<pattern id="h" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="1" y="1" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="brown" />
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+	  <rect x="4" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="cyan" />
+	  <rect x="5" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="6" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="brown" />
+	  <rect x="7" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="pink" />
+	  <rect x="8" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="grey" />
+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#g)" stroke="cyan" />
+    </pattern>
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+	<pattern id="g" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="green" />
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+	  <rect x="4" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="cyan" />
+	  <rect x="5" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="6" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="brown" />
+	  <rect x="7" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="pink" />
+	  <rect x="8" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="grey" />
+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#f)" stroke="cyan" />
+    </pattern>
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+	<pattern id="f" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#e)" stroke="green" />
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+	  <rect x="5" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#e)" stroke="green" />
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+	  <rect x="7" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#e)" stroke="pink" />
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+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#e)" stroke="cyan" />
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+	<pattern id="e" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#d)" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="1" y="1" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#d)" stroke="brown" />
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+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="url(#b)" stroke="cyan" />
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+    <pattern id="b" x="0" y="0" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" patternTransform="scale(0.5,0.5)">
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+	  <rect x="2" y="2" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="pink" />
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+	  <rect x="4" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="cyan" />
+	  <rect x="5" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="green" />
+	  <rect x="6" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="brown" />
+	  <rect x="7" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="pink" />
+	  <rect x="8" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="grey" />
+	  <rect x="9" y="3" width="20" height="20" fill="none" stroke="cyan" />
+    </pattern>
+  </defs>
+
+  <ellipse fill="url(#z)" stroke="black" stroke-width="5"  
+           cx="400" cy="200" rx="350" ry="150" />
+		   
+</svg>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7f7cf678
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