To help you learn more about what's happening within your application, Laravel provides robust logging services that allow you to log messages to files, the system error log, and even to Slack to notify your entire team.
Laravel logging is based on "channels". Each channel represents a specific way of writing log information. For example, the single channel writes log files to a single log file, while the slack channel sends log messages to Slack. Log messages may be written to multiple channels based on their severity.
Under the hood, Laravel utilizes the Monolog library, which provides support for a variety of powerful log handlers. Laravel makes it a cinch to configure these handlers, allowing you to mix and match them to customize your application's log handling.
All of the configuration options for your application's logging behavior is housed in the config/logging.php configuration file. This file allows you to configure your application's log channels, so be sure to review each of the available channels and their options. We'll review a few common options below.
By default, Laravel will use the stack channel when logging messages. The stack channel is used to aggregate multiple log channels into a single channel. For more information on building stacks, check out the documentation below.
By default, Monolog is instantiated with a "channel name" that matches the current environment, such as production or local. To change this value, add a name option to your channel's configuration:
'stack' => [
'driver' => 'stack',
'name' => 'channel-name',
'channels' => ['single', 'slack'],
],
Each log channel is powered by a "driver". The driver determines how and where the log message is actually recorded. The following log channel drivers are available in every Laravel application. An entry for most of these drivers is already present in your application's config/logging.php configuration file, so be sure to review this file to become familiar with its contents:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
custom |
A driver that calls a specified factory to create a channel |
daily |
A RotatingFileHandler based Monolog driver which rotates daily |
errorlog |
A ErrorLogHandler based Monolog driver |
monolog |
A Monolog factory driver that may use any supported Monolog handler |
null |
A driver that discards all log messages |
papertrail |
A SyslogUdpHandler based Monolog driver |
single |
A single file or path based logger channel (StreamHandler) |
slack |
A SlackWebhookHandler based Monolog driver |
stack |
A wrapper to facilitate creating "multi-channel" channels |
syslog |
A SyslogHandler based Monolog driver |
{tip} Check out the documentation on advanced channel customization to learn more about the
monologandcustomdrivers.
The single and daily channels have three optional configuration options: bubble, permission, and locking.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
bubble |
Indicates if messages should bubble up to other channels after being handled | true |
locking |
Attempt to lock the log file before writing to it | false |
permission |
The log file's permissions | 0644 |
The papertrail channel requires the host and port configuration options. You can obtain these values from Papertrail.
The slack channel requires a url configuration option. This URL should match a URL for an incoming webhook that you have configured for your Slack team.
By default, Slack will only receive logs at the critical level and above; however, you can adjust this in your config/logging.php configuration file by modifying the level configuration option within your Slack log channel's configuration array.
As mentioned previously, the stack driver allows you to combine multiple channels into a single log channel for convenience. To illustrate how to use log stacks, let's take a look at an example configuration that you might see in a production application:
'channels' => [
'stack' => [
'driver' => 'stack',
'channels' => ['syslog', 'slack'],
],
'syslog' => [
'driver' => 'syslog',
'level' => 'debug',
],
'slack' => [
'driver' => 'slack',
'url' => env('LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
'username' => 'Laravel Log',
'emoji' => ':boom:',
'level' => 'critical',
],
],
Let's dissect this configuration. First, notice our stack channel aggregates two other channels via its channels option: syslog and slack. So, when logging messages, both of these channels will have the opportunity to log the message. However, as we will see below, whether these channels actually log the message may be determined by the message's severity / "level".
Take note of the level configuration option present on the syslog and slack channel configurations in the example above. This option determines the minimum "level" a message must be in order to be logged by the channel. Monolog, which powers Laravel's logging services, offers all of the log levels defined in the RFC 5424 specification: emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, info, and debug.
So, imagine we log a message using the debug method:
Log::debug('An informational message.');
Given our configuration, the syslog channel will write the message to the system log; however, since the error message is not critical or above, it will not be sent to Slack. However, if we log an emergency message, it will be sent to both the system log and Slack since the emergency level is above our minimum level threshold for both channels:
Log::emergency('The system is down!');
You may write information to the logs using the Log facade. As previously mentioned, the logger provides the eight logging levels defined in the RFC 5424 specification: emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, info and debug:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
Log::emergency($message);
Log::alert($message);
Log::critical($message);
Log::error($message);
Log::warning($message);
Log::notice($message);
Log::info($message);
Log::debug($message);
You may call any of these methods to log a message for the corresponding level. By default, the message will be written to the default log channel as configured by your logging configuration file:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the profile for the given user.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show($id)
{
Log::info('Showing the user profile for user: '.$id);
return view('user.profile', [
'user' => User::findOrFail($id)
]);
}
}
An array of contextual data may also be passed to the log methods. This contextual data will be formatted and displayed with the log message:
Log::info('User failed to login.', ['id' => $user->id]);
Sometimes you may wish to log a message to a channel other than your application's default channel. You may use the channel method on the Log facade to retrieve and log to any channel defined in your configuration file:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
Log::channel('slack')->info('Something happened!');
If you would like to create an on-demand logging stack consisting of multiple channels, you may use the stack method:
Log::stack(['single', 'slack'])->info('Something happened!');
Sometimes you may need complete control over how Monolog is configured for an existing channel. For example, you may want to configure a custom Monolog FormatterInterface implementation for Laravel's built-in single channel.
To get started, define a tap array on the channel's configuration. The tap array should contain a list of classes that should have an opportunity to customize (or "tap" into) the Monolog instance after it is created. There is no conventional location where these classes should be placed, so you are free to create a directory within your application to contain these classes:
'single' => [
'driver' => 'single',
'tap' => [App\Logging\CustomizeFormatter::class],
'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
'level' => 'debug',
],
Once you have configured the tap option on your channel, you're ready to define the class that will customize your Monolog instance. This class only needs a single method: __invoke, which receives an Illuminate\Log\Logger instance. The Illuminate\Log\Logger instance proxies all method calls to the underlying Monolog instance:
<?php
namespace App\Logging;
use Monolog\Formatter\LineFormatter;
class CustomizeFormatter
{
/**
* Customize the given logger instance.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Log\Logger $logger
* @return void
*/
public function __invoke($logger)
{
foreach ($logger->getHandlers() as $handler) {
$handler->setFormatter(new LineFormatter(
'[%datetime%] %channel%.%level_name%: %message% %context% %extra%'
));
}
}
}
{tip} All of your "tap" classes are resolved by the service container, so any constructor dependencies they require will automatically be injected.
Monolog has a variety of available handlers and Laravel does not include a built-in channel for each one. In some cases, you may wish to create a custom channel that is merely an instance of a specific Monolog handler that does not have a corresponding Laravel log driver. These channels can be easily created using the monolog driver.
When using the monolog driver, the handler configuration option is used to specify which handler will be instantiated. Optionally, any constructor parameters the handler needs may be specified using the with configuration option:
'logentries' => [
'driver' => 'monolog',
'handler' => Monolog\Handler\SyslogUdpHandler::class,
'with' => [
'host' => 'my.logentries.internal.datahubhost.company.com',
'port' => '10000',
],
],
When using the monolog driver, the Monolog LineFormatter will be used as the default formatter. However, you may customize the type of formatter passed to the handler using the formatter and formatter_with configuration options:
'browser' => [
'driver' => 'monolog',
'handler' => Monolog\Handler\BrowserConsoleHandler::class,
'formatter' => Monolog\Formatter\HtmlFormatter::class,
'formatter_with' => [
'dateFormat' => 'Y-m-d',
],
],
If you are using a Monolog handler that is capable of providing its own formatter, you may set the value of the formatter configuration option to default:
'newrelic' => [
'driver' => 'monolog',
'handler' => Monolog\Handler\NewRelicHandler::class,
'formatter' => 'default',
],
If you would like to define an entirely custom channel in which you have full control over Monolog's instantiation and configuration, you may specify a custom driver type in your config/logging.php configuration file. Your configuration should include a via option that contains the name of the factory class which will be invoked to create the Monolog instance:
'channels' => [
'example-custom-channel' => [
'driver' => 'custom',
'via' => App\Logging\CreateCustomLogger::class,
],
],
Once you have configured the custom driver channel, you're ready to define the class that will create your Monolog instance. This class only needs a single __invoke method which should return the Monolog logger instance. The method will receive the channels configuration array as its only argument:
<?php
namespace App\Logging;
use Monolog\Logger;
class CreateCustomLogger
{
/**
* Create a custom Monolog instance.
*
* @param array $config
* @return \Monolog\Logger
*/
public function __invoke(array $config)
{
return new Logger(...);
}
}