diff --git a/src/lookup_key.rs b/src/lookup_key.rs
index 21b584690..e145c1f41 100644
--- a/src/lookup_key.rs
+++ b/src/lookup_key.rs
@@ -51,12 +51,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for LookupKey {
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! py_string {
-    ($py:ident, $str:expr) => {
-        PyString::intern($py, $str).into()
-    };
-}
-
 impl LookupKey {
     pub fn from_py(py: Python, value: &PyAny, alt_alias: Option<&str>) -> PyResult<Self> {
         if let Ok(alias_py) = value.downcast::<PyString>() {
@@ -67,7 +61,7 @@ impl LookupKey {
                     py_key1: alias_py.into_py(py),
                     path1: LookupPath::from_str(py, alias, Some(alias_py)),
                     key2: alt_alias.to_string(),
-                    py_key2: py_string!(py, alt_alias),
+                    py_key2: PyString::new(py, alt_alias).into(),
                     path2: LookupPath::from_str(py, alt_alias, None),
                 }),
                 None => Ok(Self::simple(py, alias, Some(alias_py))),
@@ -98,12 +92,12 @@ impl LookupKey {
 
     fn simple(py: Python, key: &str, opt_py_key: Option<&PyString>) -> Self {
         let py_key = match opt_py_key {
-            Some(py_key) => py_key.into_py(py),
-            None => py_string!(py, key),
+            Some(py_key) => py_key,
+            None => PyString::new(py, key),
         };
         Self::Simple {
             key: key.to_string(),
-            py_key,
+            py_key: py_key.into(),
             path: LookupPath::from_str(py, key, opt_py_key),
         }
     }
@@ -348,10 +342,10 @@ impl fmt::Display for LookupPath {
 impl LookupPath {
     fn from_str(py: Python, key: &str, py_key: Option<&PyString>) -> Self {
         let py_key = match py_key {
-            Some(py_key) => py_key.into_py(py),
-            None => py_string!(py, key),
+            Some(py_key) => py_key,
+            None => PyString::new(py, key),
         };
-        Self(vec![PathItem::S(key.to_string(), py_key)])
+        Self(vec![PathItem::S(key.to_string(), py_key.into())])
     }
 
     fn from_list(obj: &PyAny) -> PyResult<LookupPath> {
diff --git a/src/serializers/type_serializers/dataclass.rs b/src/serializers/type_serializers/dataclass.rs
index 787e267dd..a82643186 100644
--- a/src/serializers/type_serializers/dataclass.rs
+++ b/src/serializers/type_serializers/dataclass.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl BuildSerializer for DataclassArgsBuilder {
             let field_info: &PyDict = item.downcast()?;
             let name: String = field_info.get_as_req(intern!(py, "name"))?;
 
-            let key_py: Py<PyString> = PyString::intern(py, &name).into_py(py);
+            let key_py: Py<PyString> = PyString::new(py, &name).into_py(py);
 
             if field_info.get_as(intern!(py, "serialization_exclude"))? == Some(true) {
                 fields.insert(name, SerField::new(py, key_py, None, None, true));
diff --git a/src/validators/arguments.rs b/src/validators/arguments.rs
index 0405d54e5..aaf5afb6b 100644
--- a/src/validators/arguments.rs
+++ b/src/validators/arguments.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl BuildValidator for ArgumentsValidator {
                     }
                     None => Some(LookupKey::from_string(py, &name)),
                 };
-                kwarg_key = Some(PyString::intern(py, &name).into());
+                kwarg_key = Some(PyString::new(py, &name).into());
             }
 
             let schema: &PyAny = arg.get_as_req(intern!(py, "schema"))?;
diff --git a/src/validators/dataclass.rs b/src/validators/dataclass.rs
index dbbfc5ee2..986556b66 100644
--- a/src/validators/dataclass.rs
+++ b/src/validators/dataclass.rs
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ impl BuildValidator for DataclassValidator {
         let validator = build_validator(sub_schema, config, definitions)?;
 
         let post_init = if schema.get_as::<bool>(intern!(py, "post_init"))?.unwrap_or(false) {
-            Some(PyString::intern(py, "__post_init__").into_py(py))
+            Some(PyString::new(py, "__post_init__").into_py(py))
         } else {
             None
         };
diff --git a/src/validators/model.rs b/src/validators/model.rs
index 6f810d10e..1831d2fde 100644
--- a/src/validators/model.rs
+++ b/src/validators/model.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl BuildValidator for ModelValidator {
             class: class.into(),
             post_init: schema
                 .get_as::<&str>(intern!(py, "post_init"))?
-                .map(|s| PyString::intern(py, s).into_py(py)),
+                .map(|s| PyString::new(py, s).into_py(py)),
             frozen: schema.get_as(intern!(py, "frozen"))?.unwrap_or(false),
             custom_init: schema.get_as(intern!(py, "custom_init"))?.unwrap_or(false),
             root_model: schema.get_as(intern!(py, "root_model"))?.unwrap_or(false),
diff --git a/src/validators/model_fields.rs b/src/validators/model_fields.rs
index f603c7b22..c73a2821d 100644
--- a/src/validators/model_fields.rs
+++ b/src/validators/model_fields.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl BuildValidator for ModelFieldsValidator {
             fields.push(Field {
                 name: field_name.to_string(),
                 lookup_key,
-                name_py: PyString::intern(py, field_name).into(),
+                name_py: PyString::new(py, field_name).into(),
                 validator,
                 frozen: field_info.get_as::<bool>(intern!(py, "frozen"))?.unwrap_or(false),
             });
diff --git a/src/validators/typed_dict.rs b/src/validators/typed_dict.rs
index 95cd19133..d2fc00ec7 100644
--- a/src/validators/typed_dict.rs
+++ b/src/validators/typed_dict.rs
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl BuildValidator for TypedDictValidator {
             fields.push(TypedDictField {
                 name: field_name.to_string(),
                 lookup_key,
-                name_py: PyString::intern(py, field_name).into(),
+                name_py: PyString::new(py, field_name).into(),
                 validator,
                 required,
             });