aʔ in some cases when followed by a consonant, eg.
+
aʔ in some cases when followed by a consonant, eg.
ᎠᏓ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A1}': `
Ꭱ
-
e at the start of a word, eg.
+
e at the start of a word, eg.
ᎡᎳᏗ
-
ʔe elsewhere, eg.
+
ʔe elsewhere, eg.
ᎠᏫᎡ
-
eː in some casesu.
+
eː in some casesu.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A2}': `
Ꭲ
-
i at the start of a word, eg.
+
i at the start of a word, eg.
ᎢᎾᏛ
-
ʔi elsewhere, eg.
+
ʔi elsewhere, eg.
ᎣᏓᎸᎢ
-
iː in some casesu
+
iː in some casesu
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A3}': `
Ꭳ
-
o at the start of a word, eg.
+
o at the start of a word, eg.
ᎣᏓᎸᎢ
-
ʔo elsewhere, eg.
+
ʔo elsewhere, eg.
ᎠᏐᎣᏍᎦ
-
oː in some casesu
+
oː in some casesu
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A4}': `
Ꭴ
-
u at the start of a word, eg.
+
u at the start of a word, eg.
ᎤᎦᎶᎬ
-
ʔu elsewhere, although it appears to be rare or non-existant in word-medial position.
-
uː in some casesu
+
ʔu elsewhere, although it appears to be rare or non-existant in word-medial position.
+
uː in some casesu
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A5}': `
Ꭵ
-
ə̃ at the start of a word, eg.
+
ə̃ at the start of a word, eg.
ᎥᏓᎵ
-
ʔə̃ elsewhere, eg.
+
ʔə̃ elsewhere, eg.
ᏚᏙᎥ
-
ə̃ː in some casesu
+
ə̃ː in some casesu
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A6}': `
Ꭶ
-
ka ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
ka ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎦᎵᏉᎩᎠᎦᏍᎦ
@@ -84,9 +112,12 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A7}': `
Ꭷ
-
kʰa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎧᏂᎨᏂᎤᎧᏛᏒᎧᏔ
@@ -95,46 +126,64 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A8}': `
Ꭸ
-
kʰe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎨᏯᎩᎦᎨ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13A9}': `
Ꭹ
-
kʰi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎩᎬᎦᎵᏉᎩ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AA}': `
Ꭺ
-
kʰo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎪᎳᏍᎪᎯᎪᎯ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AB}': `
Ꭻ
-
kʰu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎫᏰᏉᏂᏣᎵᎫ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AC}': `
-
kʰə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʰə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎬᎾᎬᏂᎭ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AD}': `
Ꭽ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -142,6 +191,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AE}': `
Ꭾ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -149,6 +201,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13AF}': `
Ꭿ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -156,6 +211,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B0}': `
Ꮀ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -163,6 +221,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B1}': `
Ꮁ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -170,99 +231,138 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B2}': `
Ꮂ
-
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
+
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or class="ipa h"
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B3}': `
Ꮃ
-
la | ɬa ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
class="ipa h" ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᏣᎳᎩᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B4}': `
Ꮄ
-
le | ɬe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
le | ɬe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎠᎴᏗ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B5}': `
Ꮅ
-
li | ɬi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
li | ɬi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎠᎵᏲᏰᎦᎵ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B6}': `
Ꮆ
-
lo | ɬo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
lo | ɬo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎡᎶᎯ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B7}': `
Ꮇ
-
lu | ɬu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
lu | ɬu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎣᎷᎦ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B8}': `
Ꮈ
-
lə̃ | ɬə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
lə̃ | ɬə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎦᏄᎸᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13B9}': `
Ꮉ
-
ma ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42
+
ma ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42ᎧᎹᎹ
The onset is the only true bilabial sound in Cherokee.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BA}': `
Ꮊ
-
me ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42
+
me ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42ᎠᎺᏉᎢ
The onset is the only true bilabial sound in Cherokee.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BB}': `
Ꮋ
-
mi ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42
+
mi ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words, but often used for English loans, which may.ma,42ᎨᎻᎵ
The onset is the only true bilabial sound in Cherokee.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BC}': `
Ꮌ
-
mo ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words.ma,42
+
mo ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words.ma,42
The onset is the only true bilabial sound in Cherokee.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BD}': `
Ꮍ
-
mu ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words.ma,42
+
mu ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Rare, and never aspirated. Never appears initially in native Cherokee words.ma,42
The onset is the only true bilabial sound in Cherokee.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BE}': `
Ꮎ
-
na ːʔ ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ.
+
na ːʔ ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ.
ᏯᏖᎾ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥a. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
@@ -274,9 +374,12 @@
See Ꮐ[U+13C0 CHEROKEE LETTER NAH] for the syllable nah. This and NAH are the only syllable pair that make a distinction related to the h ending.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13BF}': `
Ꮏ
-
hn̥a ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
hn̥a ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎧᎿᏁᏍᎩ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥a. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
@@ -287,104 +390,145 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C0}': `
Ꮐ
-
nah This character has fallen out of usage in Oklahoma, and Ꮎ [U+13BE CHEROKEE LETTER NA] is used insteadma,95.
+
nah This character has fallen out of usage in Oklahoma, and Ꮎ [U+13BE CHEROKEE LETTER NA] is used insteadma,95.
This is the only syllable that make a distinction related to the h ending.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C1}': `
Ꮑ
-
ne | hn̥e ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
ne | hn̥e ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᏣᏁᎳ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥e. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C2}': `
Ꮒ
-
ni | hn̥i ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
ni | hn̥i ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎬᏂᎭ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥i. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C3}': `
Ꮓ
-
no | hn̥o ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
no | hn̥o ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᏥᏃᏍᎦ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥o. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C4}': `
Ꮔ
-
nu | hn̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
nu | hn̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᎦᏄᎸ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥u. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C5}': `
Ꮕ
-
nə̃ | hn̥ə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
+
nə̃ | hn̥ə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h.
ᏩᏇᏅᏅᏒᏍᏊᏅᎢ
Sometimes the aspirated form may be pronounced n̥ə̃. Otherwise, there is a slight, whispered h sound before the n.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C6}': `
Ꮖ
-
Ꮚ
-
kʷa kʰw̥a ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʷa kʰw̥a ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏥᏍᏆ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C7}': `
Ꮗ
-
kʷe kʰw̥e ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʷe kʰw̥e ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏩᏇᏅᏅᏒᎦᏇᏅᏍᎦ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C8}': `
Ꮘ
-
kʷi kʰw̥i ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʷi kʰw̥i ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏃᏈᏏ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13C9}': `
Ꮙ
-
kʷu kʰw̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʷu kʰw̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᎠᎺᏉᎢ
This symbols is often pronounced kʷu, rather than kʷo.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CA}': `
Ꮚ
-
kʷu kʰw̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
kʷu kʰw̥u ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏌᏊᎢ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CB}': `
Ꮛ
-
kʷə̃ kʰw̥ə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h.
+
kʷə̃ kʰw̥ə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CC}': `
Ꮜ
-
saːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
saːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏓᎹᎦᏑᏓᎵ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CD}': `
Ꮝ
Because it is not followed by a vowel, this character can be used to form consonant clusters at the start of a syllabled, eg.
@@ -398,6 +542,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CE}': `
Ꮞ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -405,6 +552,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13CF}': `
Ꮟ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -412,6 +562,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D0}': `
Ꮠ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -419,6 +572,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D1}': `
Ꮡ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
@@ -427,6 +583,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D2}': `
Ꮢ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -434,9 +593,12 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D3}': `
Ꮣ
-
taːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
taːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏓᎹᎦᏑᏓᎵ
@@ -446,9 +608,12 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D4}': `
Ꮤ
-
tʰa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏔᎵᎤᎦᏔ
@@ -458,121 +623,166 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D5}': `
Ꮥ
-
teːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
teːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏕᏩᏥᏍᏕᏥ
See also Ꮦ[U+13D6 CHEROKEE LETTER TE], which is aspirated. This and TE constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D6}': `
Ꮦ
-
tʰeːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰeːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏖᎸᎳᏗᏯᏖᎾ
See also Ꮥ[U+13D5 CHEROKEE LETTER DE], which is pronounced without aspiration. This and DE constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D7}': `
Ꮧ
-
tiːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tiːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏗᎦᏙᏗ
See also Ꮨ[U+13D8 CHEROKEE LETTER TI], which is aspirated. This and TI constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D8}': `
Ꮨ
-
tʰiːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰiːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏔᏬᏗᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ
See also Ꮧ[U+13D7 CHEROKEE LETTER DI], which is pronounced without aspiration. This and DI constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13D9}': `
Ꮩ
-
tʰo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏯᏙᏟᎠᏙᎯ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DA}': `
Ꮪ
-
tʰu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏚᏙᎥ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DB}': `
-
tʰə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
tʰə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏛᎬᎾᎪᏯᏛ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DC}': `
Ꮬ
-
t͡la ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
+
t͡la ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h, eg.
ᏜᎺᎭᎤᏴᏜ
See also Ꮭ[U+13DD CHEROKEE LETTER TLA], which is aspirated. This and TLA constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DD}': `
Ꮭ
-
t͡ɬa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡ɬa ːʔ|h ie. the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᏝᏓᏥᎦᎾᏝᎢ
See also Ꮬ[U+13DC CHEROKEE LETTER DLA], which is pronounced without aspiration. This and DLA constitute one of a handful of syllable pairs that are distinguished on the basis of aspiration.
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DE}': `
Ꮮ
-
t͡le |t͡ɬe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡le |t͡ɬe ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᏞᎺᎭᏍᏆᏞᏍᏗ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13DF}': `
Ꮯ
-
t͡li |t͡ɬi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡li |t͡ɬi ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᎩᏟ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E0}': `
Ꮰ
-
t͡lo |t͡ɬo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡lo |t͡ɬo ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᏠᎨᏏᎠᏯᏠᎵ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E1}': `
Ꮱ
-
t͡lu |t͡ɬu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡lu |t͡ɬu ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᏡᎬᏓᏡᎦ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E2}': `
Ꮲ
-
t͡lə̃ |t͡ɬə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
+
t͡lə̃ |t͡ɬə̃ ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h. Most Oklahoma speakers pronounce the aspirated form as a non-affricate ɬ.
ᏢᏓᏥᎤᏴᏢ
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E3}': `
Ꮳ
The unaspirated sound t͡sa is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒa.
@@ -582,6 +792,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E4}': `
Ꮴ
The unaspirated sound t͡se is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒe.
@@ -590,6 +803,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E5}': `
Ꮵ
The unaspirated sound t͡si is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒi.
@@ -599,6 +815,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E6}': `
Ꮶ
The unaspirated sound t͡so is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒo.
@@ -608,6 +827,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E7}': `
Ꮷ
The unaspirated sound t͡su is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒu.
@@ -617,6 +839,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E8}': `
The unaspirated sound t͡sə̃ is pronounced by some people as t͡ʒə̃.
t͡sə̃ | t͡ʰʃə̃ːʔ|h ie. the onset may or may not be aspirated, and the rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, or may end in ʔ or h, eg.
@@ -625,6 +850,9 @@
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13E9}': `
Ꮹ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -633,6 +861,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13EA}': `
Ꮺ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -641,6 +872,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13EB}': `
Ꮻ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -649,6 +883,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13EC}': `
Ꮼ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -657,6 +894,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13ED}': `
Ꮽ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -665,6 +905,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13EE}': `
Ꮾ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -673,6 +916,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13EF}': `
Ꮿ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -681,6 +927,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13F0}': `
Ᏸ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -689,6 +938,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13F1}': `
Ᏹ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -697,6 +949,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13F2}': `
Ᏺ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -705,6 +960,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13F3}': `
Ᏻ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
@@ -713,7 +971,10 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
-'\u{13F4}': `
+
+
+
+'\u{13F4}': `
Ᏼ
The syllable onset may or may not be aspirated.
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -721,6 +982,9 @@
Tones are not distinguished.u
`,
+
+
+
'\u{13F5}': `
Ᏽ
The rhyme may be a lengthened vowel, and may end in ʔ or h
@@ -728,351 +992,698 @@
Cherokee is a syllabary. Letters typically represent a combination of consonants and vowels. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features of modern Cherokee.
-
Cherokee text runs left to right in horizontal lines.
-
Words are separated by spaces.
-
The syllabary has 85 characters, of which 6 represent syllables that start with either no consonant or with ʔ (Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ), and one character represents the non-syllabic consonant sound s (Ꮝ). The rest nominally represent a combination of consonant plus vowel, though the actual practise is a little more nuanced, and there is a degree of vagueness in the script when it comes to phonetically transcribing spoken sounds.d
-
The script doesn't fully represent the sounds of the spoken language. Vowel length is not distinguished, with some exceptions syllable-final consonants and syllable-initial aspiration are not reflected in the orthography, and the user has to figure out when to drop the vowel of a CV letter to make consonant clusters. Some readers are beginning to use diacritics to indicate pronunciation more accurately.
-
The spoken language is tonal, but tones are not written.
-
The script is becoming bicameral, after a long period when syllabic characters ressembled uppercase letters.
-
There is no standard spelling. The way a word is written may vary, according to the pronunciation of the writer, or choices they make for dealing with consonant clusters.
-
The visual forms of letters don't interact. There are no combining characters or diacritics, and ASCII digits are used.
+
Cherokee is a syllabary. Letters typically represent a combination of consonants and vowels. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features of modern Cherokee.
+
+
Cherokee text runs left to right in horizontal lines.
+
+
Words are separated by spaces.
+
+
The syllabary has 85 characters, of which 6 represent syllables that start with either no consonant or with ʔ (Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ), and one character represents the non-syllabic consonant sound s (Ꮝ). The rest nominally represent a combination of consonant plus vowel, though the actual practise is a little more nuanced, and there is a degree of vagueness in the script when it comes to phonetically transcribing spoken sounds.d❯ characters
+
+
The script doesn't fully represent the sounds of the spoken language. Vowel length is not distinguished, with some exceptions syllable-final consonants and syllable-initial aspiration are not reflected in the orthography, and the user has to figure out when to drop the vowel of a CV letter to make consonant clusters. Some readers are beginning to use diacritics to indicate pronunciation more accurately.
+
+
The spoken language is tonal, but tones are not written.
+
+
The script is becoming bicameral, after a long period when syllabic characters ressembled uppercase letters. ❯ cs
+
+
There is no standard spelling. The way a word is written may vary, according to the pronunciation of the writer, or choices they make for dealing with consonant clusters.
+
+
The visual forms of letters don't interact. There are no combining characters or diacritics, and ASCII digits are used.
@@ -504,7 +510,7 @@
Tones
The level tones can appear with short or long vowels, but the others only occur with long vowels.
-
Tones are not marked in the Cherokee orthography, although this doesn't often create ambiguityws,#Tone. Nor are they used in the Latin orthographies, except in dictionaries. See also tonemarks.
+
Tones are not marked in the Cherokee orthography, although this doesn't often create ambiguityws,#Tone. Nor are they used in the Latin orthographies, except in dictionaries. See also tones.
For the superhigh tone, Wikipedia says: The superhigh tone, also called "highfall" by Montgomery-Anderson, has a distinctive morphosyntactical function, primarily appearing on adjectives, nouns derived from verbs, and on subordinate verbs. It is mobile and falls on the rightmost long vowel. If the final short vowel is dropped and the superhigh tone becomes in word-final position, it is shortened and pronounced like a slightly higher final tone (notated as a̋ in most orthographies). There can only be one superhigh tone per word, constraint not shared by the other tones. For these reasons, this contour exhibits some accentual properties and has been referred to as an "accent" (or stress) in the literature.
@@ -526,11 +532,11 @@
Phonological processes
Vowel deletion
In certain circumstances, vowels in the underlying morphemic model are dropped when particles are added to a word root. The rule is as followsma,65:
-
t, k, j, w, y, n, kw, l + short vowel + h + plosive or vowel –> removal of the short vowel and aspiration of the initial letter in the sequence
+
t, k, j, w, y, n, kw, l + short vowel + h + plosive or vowel → removal of the short vowel and aspiration of the initial letter in the sequence
@@ -852,15 +858,21 @@
ssV sequences
Pronunciation-related diacritics
+
Everson reports that some combining diacritical marks are now used in Cherokee text by ordinary readers and especially children.e,5
+
These diacritics are in the Unicode Combining Diacritical Marks block. The Cherokee block has no combining characters.
̣␣̱␣̤␣̰
-
̣ [U+0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW] indicates shifts in consonant readings – such as voiced to voiceless, voiceless to voiced; for example, where Ꭺ is ko, Ꭺ̣ would be kʰo.
-
̱ [U+0331 COMBINING MACRON BELOW] indicates the dropping of a vowel; for example, Oklahoma could be written ᎣᎦ̱ᎳᎰᎹo-ga̱-la-ho-ma
Nasalisation is only very rarely marked: in such cases, it can be indicated using ̰ [U+0330 COMBINING TILDE BELOW].
+
̣ [U+0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW] indicates shifts in consonant readings – such as voiced to voiceless, voiceless to voiced; for example, where Ꭺ is ko, Ꭺ̣ would be kʰo.
Nasalisation is only very rarely marked: in such cases, it can be indicated using ̰ [U+0330 COMBINING TILDE BELOW].
@@ -962,10 +974,15 @@
Case
The shapes of the upper- vs. lower-cased letters don't change radically (as they do in Latin or Cyrillic). The lowercase letters are often simply smaller, however they may have ascenders and descenders in some fontse,5.
-
-
ᎤᎾᏕᏅᎢ vs. Ꭴꮎꮥꮕꭲ
-Traditional uppercase text (left) and the newer mixed case text (right).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Traditional uppercase text (top) and the newer mixed case text (bottom).
+details
ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎬ
@@ -977,12 +994,30 @@
Case
Graphemes
-
+
+
+
+
+
Since there are no combining marks or decompositions in normal Cherokee text, grapheme clusters correspond to individual characters. Where combining marks are attached to letters, the combination of base and combining mark still fits within the definition of a grapheme cluster.
Grapheme clusters
-
-
tbd
+
Base (Mark?)
+
+
Each letter is a grapheme cluster, even if (rare) combining marks are attached.
+
+
Click on the text version of this word to see more detail about the composition.
By default, lines are broken at inter-word spaces. As in almost all writing systems, certain punctuation characters should not appear at the end or the start of a line.
As in almost all writing systems, certain punctuation characters should not appear at the end or the start of a line. The Unicode line-break properties help applications decide whether a character should appear at the start or end of a line.
The following list gives examples of typical behaviours for some of the characters used in Cherokee. Context may affect the behaviour of some of these and other characters.
+
+
Click/tap on the characters to show what they are.
+
+
+
“ ‘ ( should not be the last character on a line.
+
” ’ ) . , ; ! ? % should not begin a new line.
+
+
@@ -1193,21 +1261,33 @@
Text spacing
Baselines, line height, etc.
-
tbd
Cherokee uses the so-called 'alphabetic' baseline, which is the same as for Latin and many other scripts.
-
-
+
+Font metrics for Latin text compared with Cherokee glyphs in the Noto Sans Cherokee font.
+
+
fig_baselines_other shows similar comparisons for the Galvji and Gadugi fonts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Latin font metrics compared with Cherokee glyphs in the Galvji (top) and Gadugi (bottom) fonts.
+
+
+
diff --git a/cher/chr/fig_baselines_gadugi.png b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_gadugi.png
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15d44e940
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_gadugi.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/fig_baselines_galvji.png b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_galvji.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39dda7f12
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_galvji.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/fig_baselines_noto_sans.png b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_noto_sans.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d9155529
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/fig_baselines_noto_sans.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/fig_case_lower.svg b/cher/chr/fig_case_lower.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..923a6c673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cher/chr/fig_case_lower.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cher/chr/fig_case_upper.svg b/cher/chr/fig_case_upper.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1223a517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cher/chr/fig_case_upper.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cher/chr/g_hang.png b/cher/chr/g_hang.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84ee35c8d
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/g_hang.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/g_ocean.png b/cher/chr/g_ocean.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0be86d334
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/g_ocean.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/g_oklahoma.png b/cher/chr/g_oklahoma.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef3b9d2d6
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/g_oklahoma.png differ
diff --git a/cher/chr/g_woman.png b/cher/chr/g_woman.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0bebdeaa
Binary files /dev/null and b/cher/chr/g_woman.png differ
+
+
+
+