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Color Level 4 rgb() and hsl() Functions: Draft 1.3

(Issue, Changelog)

This proposal expands Sass's built-in rgb(), rgba(), hsl(), and hsla() functions to support the new terse syntax defined in CSS Color Level 4.

Table of Contents

Summary

This section is non-normative.

Sass's rgb() and hsl() functions will add support for the Color Level 4 syntax, so rgb(179 115 153), rgb(70% 45% 60%), and hsl(324deg 29% 57%) will all return the same color. They'll also support the slash-separated alpha syntax using the normal rules for distinguishing between division and /, so rgb(179 115 153 / 50%) will return a 50%-opacity color but rgb(179 115 $blue / 50%) will not.

Color Level 4 redefines rgba() and hsla() as pure aliases for rgb() and hsl(), which also means that rgb() and hsl() support the old syntax for defining colors with alpha channels. In keeping with this, Sass will redefine rgba() and hsla() as aliases for rgb() and hsl() as well, and add support to the latter for the former's syntax. This includes the Sass-specific rgba($color, $alpha) syntax, which will now work with rgb() and hsl() as well.

Sass will continue generating colors with alpha channels as rgba() calls, for backwards-compatibility with older browsers that don't yet support Color Level 4.

Definitions

Special Number String

A special number string is an unquoted string that CSS will recognize as a function that may return a number. For the purposes of Sass, this is any unquoted string that begins with calc( or var(. This matching is case-insensitive.

Sass functions that shadow CSS functions must work with any invocation that CSS allows, which includes allowing special number strings anywhere a number would be allowed.

This is intended to match the existing behavior for determining special number strings for rgb(), hsl(), rgba(), and hsla().

Special Variable String

A special variable string is special number string that begins with var(. This matching is case-insensitive.

Unlike other special number strings, variables can expand into multiple arguments to a single function.

This is intended to match the existing behavior for determining special variable strings for rgb(), hsl(), rgba(), and hsla().

Semantics

This proposal adds new overloads to the rgb(), hsl(), rgba(), and hsla() functions:

  • rgb($channels)

    • If $channels is a special variable string, return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the argument $channels.

    • If $channels is not an unbracketed space-separated list, throw an error.

    • If $channels has more than three elements, throw an error.

    • If $channels has fewer than three elements:

      • If any element of $channels is a special variable string, return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the argument $channels.

      • If the last element of $channels is an unquoted string that begins with var( and contains /, return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the argument $channels.

      • Otherwise, throw an error.

    • Let red and green be the first two elements of $channels.

    • If the third element of $channels is an unquoted string that contains /:

      • Return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the argument $channels.

    • Otherwise, if the third element of $channels has preserved its status as two slash-separated numbers:

      • Let blue be the number before the slash and alpha the number after the slash.

    • Otherwise:

      • Let blue be the third element of $channels.

    • Call rgb() with red, green, blue, and alpha (if it's defined) as arguments and return the result.

  • rgb($red, $green, $blue, $alpha)
    • Call rgba() with the same argument and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "rgb" that function is named "rgba" instead.
  • rgb($color, $alpha)

    • If either argument is a special variable string, return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the same arguments.

    • Call rgba() with the same arguments and return the result.

  • hsl($channels)

    • If $channels is a special variable string, return a plain CSS function string with the name "hsl" and the argument $channels.

    • If $channels is not an unbracketed space-separated list, throw an error.

    • If $channels has more than three elements, throw an error.

    • If $channels has fewer than three elements:

      • If any element of $channels is a special variable string, return a plain CSS function string with the name "hsl" and the argument $channels.

      • If the last element of $channels is an unquoted string that begins with var( and contains /, return a plain CSS function string with the name "hsl" and the argument $channels.

      • Otherwise, throw an error.

    • Let hue and saturation be the first two elements of $channels.

    • If the third element of $channels is an unquoted string that contains /:

      • Return a plain CSS function string with the name "rgb" and the argument $channels.

    • Otherwise, if the third element of $channels has preserved its status as two slash-separated numbers:

      • Let lightness be the number before the slash and alpha the number after the slash.

    • Otherwise:

      • Let lightness be the third element of $channels.

    • Call hsl() with hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha (if it's defined) as arguments and return the result.

  • hsl($hue, $saturation, $lightness, $alpha)
    • Call hsla() with the same arguments and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "hsla" that function is named "hsl" instead.
  • rgba($channels)
    • Call rgb() with the same argument and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "rgb" that function is named "rgba" instead.
  • rgba($red, $green, $blue)
    • Call rgb() with the same argument and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "rgb" that function is named "rgba" instead.
  • hsla($channels)
    • Call hsl() with the same arguments and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "hsl" that function is named "hsla" instead.
  • hsla($hue, $saturation, $lightness)
    • Call hsl() with the same arguments and return the result, except that if it would return a plain CSS function named "hsl" that function is named "hsla" instead.