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Basics

  • case-sensitive for verb (get != GET)
    • insensitive with PHP
  • treats // as a directory (/images/1.jpg/..//../2.jpg -> /images/2.jpg)
  • doesn't allow in path: # % %00
  • doesn't allow %2f in path (default config: AllowEncodedSlashes Off)
    • %2f is always 404 (/%2f/../index.php/ or /index.php/%2f)
  • can be the forward-proxy
  • concatinate header values in case of mulitple headers with the same name (PHP)
    • doesn't allow >1 Host header
  • support this request (points to root) GET ? HTTP/1.1
  • cares about cache check headers (If-Range/Match/*)
    • doesn't care in case of PHP
  • If-Range + Range -> returns part of content only if If-Range correct
  • No Accept-Ranges: bytes in case of php
  • doesn't allow underscore (skips) when pass headers in env (PHP)
  • It supports Max-Forwards header and returns an error when Max-Forwards has reached zero

Fingerprint

  • Server: Apache
  • 400 error
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>400 Bad Request</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Bad Request</h1>
<p>Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<br />
</p>
</body></html>
  • 403 error
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>403 Forbidden</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Forbidden</h1>
<p>You don't have permission to access /
on this server.<br />
</p>
</body></html>

Absolute-URI

  • supports Absolute-URI with higher priority than host header
  • any scheme in Absolute-URI
  • doesn't like @ in Absolute-URI (400 error)

Location match rules (the same works for ProxyPass)

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#location

  • Every type is case-sensitive

  • <Directory> Is used to enclose a group of directives that will apply only to the named directory, sub-directories of that directory, and the files within the respective directories. Any directive that is allowed in a directory context may be used. Directory-path is either the full path to a directory, or a wild-card string using Unix shell-style matching. In a wild-card string, ? matches any single character, and * matches any sequences of characters. You may also use [] character ranges.

  • <Location "/private1"> The specified location matches exactly the path component of the URL. The specified location, which ends in a forward slash, is a prefix of the path component of the URL (treated as a context root). The specified location, with the addition of a trailing slash, is a prefix of the path component of the URL (also treated as a context root).

    • /private1 -> /private1, /private1/ and /private1/file.txt
    • /private2/ -> /private2/ , /private2/file.txt

  • The <LocationMatch> directive and the regex version of <Location> require you to explicitly specify multiple slashes if that is your intention.

    • <LocationMatch> == <Location ~ "/(extra|special)/data">
    • Location with support of RegExps
    • <LocationMatch "^/abc"> would match the request URL /abc but not the request URL //abc. The (non-regex) <Location> directive behaves similarly when used for proxy requests. But when (non-regex) <Location> is used for non-proxy requests it will implicitly match multiple slashes with a single slash. For example, if you specify <Location "/abc/def"> and the request is to /abc//def then it will match.

  • FilesMatch and Files to set rules for extensions, but works for only inside current location (<FilesMatch \.php$> in virt host -> /test.php - OK, /anything/test.php - no)

ProxyPass

  • backend (URL to origin) is controllable
  • doesn't care about the verb
  • parses, url-decodes, normalizes, finds location, url-encodes
    • /.. - > /../
    • // -> // (except the first / symbol)
      • //path -> /path
      • /path// -> /path//
    • !"$&'()*+,-./:;<=>@[\]^_`{|}~ -> rev proxy -> !%22$&'()*+,-./:;%3C=%3E@%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60%7B%7C%7D~
    • %01-%FF in path -> !$&'()*+,-.:;=@_~, 0-9, a-Z, others are URL-encoded
  • forwards the last header in case of mulitple headers with the same name
    • doesn't allow >1 Host header
  • doesn't forward with trailing space AnyHeader :
  • support line folding for headers ( Header:zzz-> it is concatenated with the previous header)
  • doesn't forward Host, sets value from ProxyPass
  • allow (forwards) underscore (_) in headers
  • delete headers listed in Connection header (Connection: Accept-Language)
  • adds headers to request to origin: X-Forwarded-For: , X-Forwarded-Host: , X-Forwarded-Server:
    • we can send our values in request and it will be added to proxy's request (examplezzz.com, example2.com)
  • adds Content-Type depending on extension, if there is no CT from origin server

Rewrite

  • flags https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/rewrite/flags.html
  • similar to ProxyPas, but:
  • url decodes values, flag B encodes them again
  • url decodes, normalizes, then put in url and parse it
    • %0a cuts the path
      • /lala/123%0a456?a=b -> /lala/123?a=b
    • %01-%FF in path -> !$&'()*+,-.:;=?@[\]^_`{|}~, a-Z, 0-9, >0x7F, others are URL encoded
    • %3f decoded to ?, but %3faa=1?bb=2 -> ?aa=1
    • inside (.*), /lala/path/%2e%2e -> /path/.. (it's not normalized, but /path/%2e%2e/ - is)
    • !"$&'()*+,-./:;<=>@[\]^_`{|}~ -> rev proxy -> !%22$&'()*+,-./:;%3C=%3E@%5B%5C%5D%5E_%60%7B%7C%7D~
<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName example1.com
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule /lala/(.*)  http://192.168.78.111:9999/$1 [P,L]
</VirtualHost>

Vulnerable configs

  • multiple / bypass
    • http://lab.io:8080/asdasd/..///../neighborhood/a/feed -> //neighborhood/a/feed
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/neighborhood/[^/]+/feed$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F,L]
  • misrouting due to lack of normalization in the query
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=(.*)$
RewriteRule page\.php$ http://192.168.78.111:9999/%1.php [P,L]
  • No ending slash SSRF (incorrect config)
    • /@evil.com/index.php
    • /.evil.com/index.php
<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName example0.com
  ProxyPass / http://192.168.78.111
</VirtualHost>

Caching

not tested