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Testing in AMP HTML

This document provides details for testing and building your AMP code.

Contents

Testing commands

Before running these commands, make sure you have Node.js, yarn, and Gulp installed. For installation instructions, see the One-time setup section in the Quick Start guide.

Command Description
gulp Runs "watch" and "serve". Use this for standard local dev.
gulp --extensions=amp-foo,amp-bar Runs "watch" and "serve", after building only the listed extensions.
gulp --extensions=minimal_set Runs "watch" and "serve", after building the extensions needed to load article.amp.html.
gulp --extensions_from=examples/foo.amp.html Runs "watch" and "serve", after building only extensions from the listed examples.
gulp --noextensions Runs "watch" and "serve" without building any extensions.
gulp dist Builds production binaries.
gulp dist --extensions=amp-foo,amp-bar Builds production binaries, with only the listed extensions.
gulp dist --extensions=minimal_set Builds production binaries, with only the extensions needed to load article.amp.html.
gulp dist --extensions_from=examples/foo.amp.html Builds production binaries, with only extensions from the listed examples.
gulp dist --noextensions Builds production binaries without building any extensions.
gulp dist --fortesting Builds production binaries for local testing. (Allows use cases like ads, tweets, etc. to work with minified sources. Overrides TESTING_HOST if specified. Uses the production AMP_CONFIG by default.)
gulp dist --fortesting --config=<config> Builds production binaries for local testing, with the specified AMP_CONFIG. config can be prod or canary. (Defaults to prod.)
gulp lint Validates JS files against the ESLint linter.
gulp lint --watch Watches for changes in files, and validates against the ESLint linter.
gulp lint --fix Fixes simple lint warnings/errors automatically.
gulp lint --files=<files-path-glob> Lints just the files provided. Can be used with --fix.
gulp lint --local_changes Lints just the files changed in the local branch. Can be used with --fix.
gulp prettify Validates non-JS files using Prettier.
gulp prettify --fix Fixes simple formatting errors automatically.
gulp prettify --files=<files-path-glob> Checks just the files provided. Can be used with --fix.
gulp prettify --local_changes Checks just the files changed in the local branch. Can be used with --fix.
gulp build Builds the AMP library.
gulp build --extensions=amp-foo,amp-bar Builds the AMP library, with only the listed extensions.
gulp build --extensions=minimal_set Builds the AMP library, with only the extensions needed to load article.amp.html.
gulp build --extensions_from=examples/foo.amp.html Builds the AMP library, with only the extensions needed to load the listed examples.
gulp build --noextensions Builds the AMP library with no extensions.
gulp build --fortesting Builds the AMP library and sets the test field in AMP_CONFIG to true.
gulp check-links --files=<files-path-glob> Reports dead links in .md files.
gulp check-links --local_changes Reports dead links in .md files changed in the local branch.
gulp clean Removes build output.
gulp css Recompiles css to the build directory and builds the embedded css into js files for the AMP library.
gulp compile-jison Compiles jison parsers for extensions to build directory.
gulp watch Watches for changes in files, re-builds.
gulp watch --extensions=amp-foo,amp-bar Watches for changes in files, re-builds only the listed extensions.
gulp watch --extensions=minimal_set Watches for changes in files, re-builds only the extensions needed to load article.amp.html.
gulp watch --extensions_from=examples/foo.amp.html Watches for changes in files, re-builds only the extensions needed to load the listed examples.
gulp watch --noextensions Watches for changes in files, re-builds with no extensions.
gulp pr-check Runs all the Travis CI checks locally.
gulp pr-check --nobuild Runs all the Travis CI checks locally, but skips the gulp build step.
gulp pr-check --files=<test-files-path-glob> Runs all the Travis CI checks locally, and restricts tests to the files provided.
gulp unit Runs the unit tests in Chrome (doesn't require the AMP library to be built).
gulp unit --local_changes Runs the unit tests directly affected by the files changed in the local branch in Chrome.
gulp integration Runs the integration tests in Chrome after building the runtime with the prod version of AMP_CONFIG.
gulp integration --config=<config> Same as above, but config can be prod or canary. (Defaults to prod.)
gulp [unit|integration] --verbose Runs tests in Chrome with logging enabled.
gulp [unit|integration] --nobuild Runs tests without re-build.
gulp [unit|integration] --coverage Runs code coverage tests. After running, the report will be available at test/coverage/index.html
gulp [unit|integration] --watch Watches for changes in files, runs corresponding test(s) in Chrome.
gulp [unit|integration] --watch --verbose Same as watch, with logging enabled.
gulp [unit|integration] --saucelabs Runs tests on saucelabs browsers (requires setup).
gulp [unit|integration] --safari Runs tests in Safari.
gulp [unit|integration] --firefox Runs tests in Firefox.
gulp [unit|integration] --edge Runs tests in Edge.
gulp [unit|integration] --ie Runs tests in Internet Explorer.
gulp [unit|integration] --files=<test-files-path-glob> Runs specific test files.
gulp [unit|integration] --testnames Lists the name of each test being run, and prints a summary at the end.
gulp serve Serves content in repo root dir over http://localhost:8000/. Examples live in http://localhost:8000/examples/. Serve unminified AMP by default.
gulp serve --quiet Same as serve, with logging silenced.
gulp serve --port 9000 Same as serve, but uses a port number other than the default of 8000.
gulp serve --inspect Same as serve, but runs the server in node --inspect mode
gulp check-types Verifies that there are no errors associated with Closure typing. Run automatically upon push.
gulp dep-check Runs a dependency check on each module. Run automatically upon push.
gulp presubmit Run validation against files to check for forbidden and required terms. Run automatically upon push.
gulp validator Builds and tests the AMP validator. Run automatically upon push.
gulp ava Run node tests for tasks and offline/node code using ava.
gulp todos:find-closed Find TODOs in code for issues that have been closed.
gulp visual-diff Runs all visual diff tests on a headless instance of local Chrome after building the runtime with the prod version of AMP_CONFIG. Requires PERCY_TOKEN to be set as an environment variable or passed to the task with --percy_token.
gulp visual-diff --config=<config> Same as above, but config can be prod or canary. (Defaults to prod.)
gulp visual-diff --nobuild Same as above, but without re-build.
gulp visual-diff --chrome_debug --webserver_debug Same as above, with additional logging. Debug flags can be used independently.
gulp visual-diff --grep=<regular-expression-pattern> Same as above, but executes only those tests whose name matches the regular expression pattern.
gulp firebase Generates a folder firebase and copies over all files from examples and test/manual for firebase deployment.
gulp firebase --file path/to/file Same as above, but copies over the file specified as firebase/index.html.
gulp firebase --min Same as gulp firebase, but uses minified files of the form /dist/v0/amp-component-name.js instead of unminified files of the form /dist/v0/amp-component-name.max.js.
gulp firebase --nobuild Same as gulp firebase, but skips the gulp build step.
gulp e2e Runs all end-to-end tests on Chrome after building the runtime with the prod version of AMP_CONFIG..
gulp e2e --config=<config> Same as above, but config can be prod or canary. (Defaults to prod.)
gulp e2e --files=<test-files-path-glob> Runs end-to-end tests from the specified files on the latest Chrome browser.
gulp e2e --nobuild Runs all end-to-end tests without building the runtime.
gulp e2e --testnames Lists the name of each test being run, and prints a summary at the end.
gulp e2e --engine=ENGINE Runs end-to-end tests with the given Web Driver engine. Allowed values are puppeteer and selenium.
gulp e2e --headless Runs end-to-end tests in a headless browser instance.
gulp e2e --watch Watches for changes in test files, runs tests.

Manual testing

For manual testing build AMP and start the Node.js server by running gulp.

Serve Mode

There are 3 serving modes:

  • DEFAULT mode serves unminified AMP. You want to use this during normal dev.
  • COMPILED mode serves minified AMP. This is closer to the prod setup. This is only available after running gulp dist --fortesting. Serve MIN mode by adding --compiled to gulp command.
  • CDN mode serves prod. These remote files would not reflect your local changes. Serve CDN mode by adding --cdn to gulp command.
  • <RTV_NUMBER> mode serves the bundle from the given RTV number, where <RTV_NUMBER> is a 15 digit number. Ex. 001907161745080

To switch serving mode during runtime, go to http://localhost:8000/serve_mode=$mode and set the $mode to one of the following values: default, compiled, cdn or <RTV_NUMBER>.

Examples

The content in the examples directory can be reached at: http://localhost:8000/examples/

Document proxy

AMP ships with a local proxy for testing production AMP documents with the local JS version.

For any public AMP document like: http://output.jsbin.com/pegizoq/quiet,

You can access it with the local JS by using the form in http://localhost:8000 or by accessing the proxy URL directly:

http://localhost:8000/proxy/output.jsbin.com/pegizoq/quiet.

Note: The local proxy will serve minified or unminified JS based on the current serve mode. When serve mode is cdn, the local proxy will serve remote JS. When accessing minified JS make sure you run gulp dist with the --fortesting flag so that we do not strip out the localhost code paths. (We do some code elimination to trim down the file size for the file we deploy to production)

If the origin resource is on HTTPS, the URLs are http://localhost:8000/proxy/s/output.jsbin.com/pegizoq/quiet

A4A envelope (/a4a/, /a4a-3p/)

If you are working on AMPHTML ads, you can use the local A4A envelope for testing local and production AMP documents with the local JS version.

A4A can be run either of these two modes:

  1. Friendly iframe mode: http://localhost:8000/a4a/...
  2. 3p iframe mode: http://localhost:8000/a4a-3p/...

The following forms are supported:

When accessing minified JS make sure you run gulp dist with the --fortesting flag so that we do not strip out the localhost code paths. (We do some code elimination to trim down the file size for the file we deploy to production)

If the origin resource is on HTTPS, the URLs are http://localhost:8000/a4a[-3p]/proxy/s/output.jsbin.com/pegizoq/quiet

Notice that all documents are assumed to have a "fake" signature. Thus, this functionality is only available in the localDev mode.

Additionally, the following query parameters can be provided:

  • width - the width of the amp-ad (default "300")
  • height - the height of the amp-ad (default "250")
  • offset - the offset to push the amp-ad down the page (default "0px"). Can be used to push the Ad out of the viewport, e.g. using offset=150vh.

In-a-box envelope (/inabox/)

If you are working on AMP In-a-box Ads, you can use the local in-a-box envelope for testing local and production AMP documents with the local JS version.

The following forms are supported:

Additionally, the following query parameters can be provided:

  • width - the width of the iframe (default "300")
  • height - the height of the iframe (default "250")
  • offset - the offset to push the iframe down the page (default "0px"). Can be used to push the Ad out of the viewport, e.g. using offset=150vh.

Chrome extension

For testing documents on arbitrary URLs with your current local version of the AMP runtime we created a Chrome extension.

Testing on Sauce Labs

We use Sauce Labs to perform cross-browser testing (thanks Sauce Labs!). In general local testing (i.e. gulp [unit|integration]) and the automatic test run on Travis that happens when you send a pull request are sufficient, but if you want to run your tests across multiple environments/browsers before sending your PR we recommend using Sauce Labs as well.

To run the tests on Sauce Labs:

  • Create a Sauce Labs account. If you are only going to use your account for open source projects like this one you can sign up for a free Open Sauce account. (If you create an account through the normal account creation mechanism you'll be signing up for a free trial that expires; you can contact Sauce Labs customer service to switch your account to Open Sauce if you did this accidentally.)

  • Set the SAUCE_USERNAME and SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY environment variables. On Linux add this to your .bashrc:

    export SAUCE_USERNAME=<Sauce Labs username>
export SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY=<Sauce Labs access key>

    You can find your Sauce Labs access key on the User Settings page.

  • Run the proxy and then run the tests:

    # Start the proxy
./build-system/sauce_connect/start_sauce_connect.sh

# Run tests
gulp [unit|integration] --saucelabs

# Stop the proxy
./build-system/sauce_connect/stop_sauce_connect.sh

  • It may take several seconds for the proxy to start and for the tests to start. You can see the status of your tests on the Sauce Labs Automated Tests dashboard. (You can also see the status of your proxy on the Tunnels dashboard.

  • The tunnel ID used during local development is the email address of the author of the latest commit on the local branch.

Visual Diff Tests

In addition to building the AMP runtime and running gulp [unit|integration], the automatic test run on Travis includes a set of visual diff tests to make sure a new commit to master does not result in unintended changes to how pages are rendered. The tests load a few well-known pages in a browser and compare the results with known good versions of the same pages.

The technology stack used is:

  • Percy, a visual regression testing service for webpages
  • Puppeteer, a driver capable of loading webpages for diffing
  • Percy-Puppeteer, a framework that integrates Puppeteer with Percy
  • Headless Chrome, the Chrome/Chromium browser in headless mode

The ampproject/amphtml repository on GitHub is linked to the Percy project of the same name. All PRs will show a check called percy/amphtml in addition to the continuous-integration/travis-ci/pr check. If your PR results in visual diff(s), clicking on the details link will show you the snapshots with the diffs highlighted.

Failing Tests

When a test run fails due to visual diffs being present, click the details link next to percy/amphtml in your PR and examine the results. By default, Percy highlights the changes between snapshots in red. Clicking on the new snapshot will show it in its raw form. If the diffs indicate a problem that is likely to be due to your PR, you can try running the visual diffs locally in order to debug (see section below). However, if you are sure that the problem is not due to your PR, you may click the green Approve button on Percy to approve the snapshots and unblock your PR from being merged.

Flaky Tests

If a Percy test flakes and you would like to trigger a rerun, you can't do that from within Percy. Instead, from your PR on GitHub open up the "Details" for the continuous-integration/travis-ci/pr check to load the Travis run for your PR. There you should see a "passed" test shard labeled "Visual Diff Tests". Click the "Restart Job" icon on just that shard to trigger a rerun on Percy.

Running Visual Diff Tests Locally

You can also run the visual tests locally during development. You must first create a free Percy account at https://percy.io, create a project, and set the PERCY_TOKEN environment variable using the unique value you find at https://percy.io/<org>/<project>/integrations:

export PERCY_TOKEN="<unique-percy-token>"

Once the environment variable is set up, you can run the AMP visual diff tests.

First, build the AMP runtime:

gulp dist --fortesting

Next, run the gulp task that invokes the visual diff tests:

gulp visual-diff --nobuild

Note that if you drop the --nobuild flag, gulp visual-diff will run gulp dist --fortesting on each execution.

The build will use the Percy credentials set via environment variables in the previous step, and run the tests on your local install of Chrome in headless mode. You can see the results at https://percy.io/<org>/<project>.

To see debugging info during Percy runs, you can run:

 gulp visual-diff --chrome_debug --webserver_debug

To run tests without uploading snapshots to Percy, you can run:

gulp visual-diff --percy_disabled

The debug flags --chrome_debug and --webserver_debug can be used independently. To enable both debug flags, you can also run:

 gulp visual-diff --debug

To execute only a subset of the tests (i.e., when creating or debugging an existing test) use the --grep regular expression flag. e.g., gulp visual-diff --grep="amp-[a-f]" will execute on tests that have an AMP component name between <amp-a...> through <amp-f...>.

After each run, a new set of results will be available at https://percy.io/<org>/<project>.

Testing on devices

Testing with ngrok

It's much faster to debug with local build (gulp + http://localhost:8000/). In Chrome you can use DevTools port forwarding. However, iOS Safari does not give a similar option. Instead, you can use ngrok. Just download the ngrok binary for your platform and run it like this:

ngrok http 8000

Once started, the ngrok will print URLs for both http and https. E.g. http://73774d8c.ngrok.io/ and https://73774d8c.ngrok.io/. These URLs can be used to debug on iOS and elsewhere.

Testing with Firebase

For deploying and testing local AMP builds on Firebase, install firebase and initialize firebase within this directory* (a firebase folder can be generated with the command, gulp firebase).

npm install -g firebase-tools
firebase login
firebase init
gulp firebase
firebase deploy
  • When initializing firebase within the directory via firebase init, make sure to select the following options when asked:
  • "Which Firebase CLI features do you want to setup for this folder?" select Hosting: Configure and deploy Firebase Hosting sites.
  • "What do you want to use as your public directory?" enter firebase.
  • "Select a default Firebase project for this directory:" select your project name if it's already created, otherwise choose [don't setup a new project] and add one later.
    • Note: If you haven't already, you will have to create a project via the Firebase Console after you are done initializing and before you deploy. Once you create the project, you can make it active in your CLI with firebase use your-project-name or give it an alias by selecting your project after running firebase use --add.
  • "Configure as a single-page app (rewrite all urls to /index.html)?" select n.

gulp firebase will generate a firebase folder and copy over all files from dist, examples and test/manual. It will rewrite all urls in the copied files to point to the local versions of AMP (i.e. the ones copied from dist to firebase/dist). When you initialize firebase, you should set the firebase public directory to firebase. This way firebase deploy will just directly copy and deploy the contents of the generated firebase folder. As an example, your firebase.json file can look something like this:

{
  "hosting": {
    "public": "firebase",
    "ignore": ["firebase.json", "**/.*", "**/node_modules/**"]
  }
}

If you are only testing a single file, you can use gulp firebase --file=path/to/my/file.amp.html to avoid copying over all of test/manual and examples. It will copy over the specified file to firebase/index.html, which simplifies debugging.

After deploying, you can access your project publically at its hosting URL https://your-project-name.firebaseapp.com.

Additionally, you can create multiple projects and switch between them in the CLI using firebase use your-project-name.

Testing Ads

Testing ads in deployed demos requires whitelisting of 3p urls. You can do this by adding your intended deployment hostname as an environemnt variable AMP_TESTING_HOST and using the fortesting flag. For example:

export AMP_TESTING_HOST="my-project.firebaseapp.com"
gulp firebase --fortesting
firebase deploy

This will write "my-project.firebaseapp.com" as a third party url to relevant attributes in AMP_CONFIG, which is prepended to amp.js and integration.js files in the firebase folder. If you're curious about how this is done, feel free to inspect build-system/tasks/firebase.js.

End-to-End Tests

You can run and create E2E tests locally during development. Currently tests only run on Chrome, but support for additional browsers is underway. These tests have not been added to our CI build yet - but they will be added soon.

Run all tests with:

gulp e2e

The task will kick off gulp build and then gulp serve before running the tests. To skip building the runtime, use --nobuild.

Consult the E2E testing documentation to learn how to create your own end-to-end tests.