Since version 2012, Microsoft has severely cut the customization options of Visual Studio setup. It tries to work in every scenario. But many developers use only some of its features. Nowadays, people use laptops with extremely quick but severely cramped SSDs. Visual Studio caches its installation files, then Windows Installer caches them again, then they are installed and during this process nearly half GB of logs are created.
Bug Microsoft until they fix it. Seriously!
In the mean time, you can use my little program. Used on a minimal installation of VS 14 CTP3, it saved me 4 GB of space (but that is for my use case).
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It scouts the registry and finds out all potentially uninstallable items, which are installed from the VS Package Cache and offers them to you. You can choose what to uninstall. Note: although many packages register themselves with uninstall command, they actually cannot be uninstalled. You will see the uninstall UI but the package will stay afterwards. Please suggest workarounds.
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Part of installation of Visual Studio 2013 Update 2 and later is Windows Phone 8 SDK, including emulator images. This not only takes space, but silently turns on Hyper-V feature of Windows. It slightly slows down the machine and renders some other virtualization software inoperable. You can turn off Hyper-V with one click. Note, that you still need to restart your machine after that. This is tested on Windows 8.1 but may need update for Windows Server.
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Clean up your temporary folder from setup logs.
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Move the Package Cache directory off your precious SSD drive. Use this command if you have second drive (usually slower and larger rotating hard disk). The program creates a directory junction and links the old place and the new one, so Visual Studio updates continue working.