intro_python.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# select examples from [Python Crash Course](https://nostarch.com/pythoncrashcourse)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('hello, world!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 2) variables and simple data types"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "message = 'hello, world!'\n",
    "print(message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![](img/namingusingvariables.jpeg \"Matthes p. 21\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### avoiding name errors when using variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(mesage)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```\n",
    "'I told my friend, \"Python is my favorite language!\"'  \n",
    "\"The language 'Python' is named after Monty Python, not the snake.\"  \n",
    "\"One of Python's strengths is its diverse and supportive community.\"  \n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### string methods"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "name = \"ada lovelace\"\n",
    "print(name.title())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### combining / concatenating strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "first_name = \"ada\"\n",
    "last_name = \"lovelace\"\n",
    "full_name = first_name + \" \" + last_name\n",
    "print(full_name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "*tip: using tab to autofill*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### adding whitespace"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Python\")\n",
    "print(\"\\tPython\")\n",
    "print(\"Languages:\\nPython\\nJavascript\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### removing whitespace"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "too_much_whitespace = '      python            '\n",
    "print(\"*\" + too_much_whitespace + \"*\")\n",
    "print(\"*\" + too_much_whitespace.strip() + \"*\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# pp. 30-31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### combining strings and numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "age = 42\n",
    "message = \"Happy \" + age + 1 + \"rd Birthday!\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "age = 42\n",
    "message = \"Happy \" + str(age + 1) + \"rd Birthday!\"\n",
    "print(message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### comments"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Comments keep you sane"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3) introducing lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A list is a collection of items in a particular order. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']\n",
    "print(bicycles)\n",
    "print(bicycles[0]) # print the first item in the list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "message = \"My first bicycle was a \" + bicycles[0].title() + \".\"\n",
    "print(message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "bicycles[0] = 'huffy'\n",
    "print(bicycles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "bicycles.append('trek')\n",
    "print(bicycles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del bicycles[0]\n",
    "print(bicycles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "last_bicycle = bicycles.pop()\n",
    "print(last_bicycle)\n",
    "print(bicycles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(len(bicycles))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(bicycles[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(bicycles[-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 4) working with lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### looping through a list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for bike in bicycles:\n",
    "    print(bike)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for bike in bicycles:\n",
    "    print(bike.title() + \" is a great bike.\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(\"Those are all the great bikes I can think of.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### indentation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"this will work.\")\n",
    "    print(\"why won't this work?\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### numerical lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for value in range(1, 5):\n",
    "    print(value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "squares = []\n",
    "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
    "    square = i**2\n",
    "    squares.append(square)\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(squares)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# slice a list\n",
    "print(bicycles[0:2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 5) if statements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cars = ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']\n",
    "\n",
    "for car in cars:\n",
    "    if car == 'bmw':\n",
    "        print(car.upper())\n",
    "    else: \n",
    "        print(car.title())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### testing for equality"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('bmw' == 'bmw')\n",
    "print('bmw' == 'BMW')\n",
    "print('bmw'.upper() == 'BMW')\n",
    "print(18 == 19)\n",
    "print(100 == 100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### testing for inequality"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# testing for inequality\n",
    "topping = 'mushrooms'\n",
    "\n",
    "if topping != 'anchovies':\n",
    "    print(\"Hold the anchovies!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### testing multiple conditions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(19 == 19 and 20 == 21)\n",
    "print(19 == 19 or  20 == 21)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### testing for inclusion in a list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('redline' in bicycles)\n",
    "print('schwinn' in bicycles)\n",
    "print('schwinn' not in bicycles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "age = 12\n",
    "\n",
    "if age < 4:\n",
    "    price = 0\n",
    "elif age < 18: \n",
    "    price = 5\n",
    "\n",
    "else: \n",
    "    price = 10\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Your admission cost is $\" + str(price) + \".00\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 6) dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "alien_0 = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5}\n",
    "print(alien_0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(alien_0['color'])\n",
    "print(alien_0['points'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "alien_0['favorite_food'] = 'cookies'\n",
    "print(alien_0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del alien_0['favorite_food']\n",
    "print(alien_0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### NESTING:  \n",
    "* A list of dictionaries  \n",
    "* A list in a dictionary  \n",
    "* A dictionary in a dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 7) while loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### avoiding infinite loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1\n",
    "while x <= 5:\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    x += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 8) functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def greet_user():\n",
    "    \"\"\"Display a simple greeting.\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"Hello!\")\n",
    "\n",
    "greet_user()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### passing information to a function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def greet_user(username):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Display a simple greeting.\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"Hello, \" + username.title() + \"!\")\n",
    "\n",
    "greet_user('jessie')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### positional and keyword arguments, default values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Display information about a pet.\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"\\nI have a \" + animal_type + \".\")\n",
    "    print(\"My \" + animal_type + \"'s name is \" + pet_name.title() + \".\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "# A dog named Willie.\n",
    "describe_pet('willie')\n",
    "describe_pet(pet_name='willie')\n",
    "\n",
    "# A hamster named Harry.\n",
    "describe_pet('harry', 'hamster')\n",
    "describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')\n",
    "describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### return values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=''):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return a full name, neatly formatted.\"\"\"\n",
    "    if middle_name:\n",
    "        full_name = first_name + ' ' +  middle_name + ' ' + last_name\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name\n",
    "    return full_name.title()\n",
    "    \n",
    "musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')\n",
    "print(musician)\n",
    "\n",
    "musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'hooker', 'lee')\n",
    "print(musician)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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