diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
index b15eed055fd726..ef0f7404763f73 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ const htmlProxyRE = /(\?|&)html-proxy\b/
 const commonjsProxyRE = /\?commonjs-proxy/
 const inlineRE = /(\?|&)inline\b/
 const inlineCSSRE = /(\?|&)inline-css\b/
+const usedRE = /(\?|&)used\b/
 const varRE = /^var\(/i
 
 const cssBundleName = 'style.css'
@@ -414,19 +415,18 @@ export function cssPostPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
       }
 
       let code: string
-      if (modulesCode) {
-        code = modulesCode
-      } else {
-        let content = css
-        if (config.build.minify) {
-          content = await minifyCSS(content, config)
+      if (usedRE.test(id)) {
+        if (modulesCode) {
+          code = modulesCode
+        } else {
+          let content = css
+          if (config.build.minify) {
+            content = await minifyCSS(content, config)
+          }
+          code = `export default ${JSON.stringify(content)}`
         }
-        // marking as pure to make it tree-shakable by minifier
-        // but the module itself is still treated as a non tree-shakable module
-        // because moduleSideEffects is 'no-treeshake'
-        code = `export default /* #__PURE__ */ (() => ${JSON.stringify(
-          content
-        )})()`
+      } else {
+        code = `export default ''`
       }
 
       return {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
index 613d7ca5a08503..b83ae46451c8f7 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importAnalysisBuild.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { OutputChunk, SourceMap } from 'rollup'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
 import type { RawSourceMap } from '@ampproject/remapping'
 import {
+  bareImportRE,
   cleanUrl,
   combineSourcemaps,
   isDataUrl,
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ import type { Plugin } from '../plugin'
 import type { ResolvedConfig } from '../config'
 import { genSourceMapUrl } from '../server/sourcemap'
 import { getDepsOptimizer, optimizedDepNeedsInterop } from '../optimizer'
-import { removedPureCssFilesCache } from './css'
+import { isCSSRequest, removedPureCssFilesCache } from './css'
 import { interopNamedImports } from './importAnalysis'
 
 /**
@@ -238,13 +239,9 @@ export function buildImportAnalysisPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
           )
         }
 
-        if (!depsOptimizer) {
-          continue
-        }
-
         // static import or valid string in dynamic import
         // If resolvable, let's resolve it
-        if (specifier) {
+        if (depsOptimizer && specifier) {
           // skip external / data uri
           if (isExternalUrl(specifier) || isDataUrl(specifier)) {
             continue
@@ -297,6 +294,27 @@ export function buildImportAnalysisPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
             }
           }
         }
+
+        // Differentiate CSS imports that use the default export from those that
+        // do not by injecting a ?used query - this allows us to avoid including
+        // the CSS string when unnecessary (esbuild has trouble tree-shaking
+        // them)
+        if (
+          specifier &&
+          isCSSRequest(specifier) &&
+          // always inject ?used query when it is a dynamic import
+          // because there is no way to check whether the default export is used
+          (source.slice(expStart, start).includes('from') || isDynamicImport) &&
+          // already has ?used query (by import.meta.glob)
+          !specifier.match(/\?used(&|$)/) &&
+          // edge case for package names ending with .css (e.g normalize.css)
+          !(bareImportRE.test(specifier) && !specifier.includes('/'))
+        ) {
+          const url = specifier.replace(/\?|$/, (m) => `?used${m ? '&' : ''}`)
+          str().overwrite(start, end, isDynamicImport ? `'${url}'` : url, {
+            contentOnly: true
+          })
+        }
       }
 
       if (
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importMetaGlob.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importMetaGlob.ts
index 7f3695178fdce9..5e0f473317b798 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importMetaGlob.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/importMetaGlob.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import type { ViteDevServer } from '../server'
 import type { ModuleNode } from '../server/moduleGraph'
 import type { ResolvedConfig } from '../config'
 import { normalizePath, slash, transformStableResult } from '../utils'
+import { isCSSRequest } from './css'
 
 const { isMatch, scan } = micromatch
 
@@ -392,6 +393,9 @@ export async function transformGlobImport(
             let importPath = paths.importPath
             let importQuery = query
 
+            if (isCSSRequest(file))
+              importQuery = importQuery ? `${importQuery}&used` : '?used'
+
             if (importQuery && importQuery !== '?raw') {
               const fileExtension = basename(file).split('.').slice(-1)[0]
               if (fileExtension && restoreQueryExtension)
diff --git a/playground/css/__tests__/css.spec.ts b/playground/css/__tests__/css.spec.ts
index 3c9f5fc4ea9b0a..b5af00d1a4f537 100644
--- a/playground/css/__tests__/css.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/css/__tests__/css.spec.ts
@@ -429,7 +429,11 @@ test("relative path rewritten in Less's data-uri", async () => {
 test('PostCSS source.input.from includes query', async () => {
   const code = await page.textContent('.postcss-source-input')
   // should resolve assets
-  expect(code).toContain('/postcss-source-input.css?query=foo')
+  expect(code).toContain(
+    isBuild
+      ? '/postcss-source-input.css?used&query=foo'
+      : '/postcss-source-input.css?query=foo'
+  )
 })
 
 test('aliased css has content', async () => {