Vite prefers the file specified in module to exports under the certain situations

[tasshi-me]

Describe the bug

Vite prefers the file specified in module to exports under the following situations.

• The package is ESM
• There are exports and module fields on package.json
• The extension of the file specified in exports.import is .mjs (with js, the problem does not happen)

{
  "exports": {
    "import": "./lib/index.mjs",
    "require": "./lib/index.cjs"
  },
  "type": "module",
  "module": "./lib/old.mjs",
  "main": "./lib/index.cjs"
}

Because of this behavior, we cannot build some libraries like y18n; a dependency of yargs.

https://github.com/yargs/y18n/blob/master/package.json#L8

Reproduction

https://github.com/tasshi-playground/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports

Steps to reproduce

Run npm install and npm run build

System Info

System:
    OS: macOS 13.1
    CPU: (10) arm64 Apple M1 Max
    Memory: 3.07 GB / 64.00 GB
    Shell: 5.8.1 - /bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 18.8.0 - ~/.nodenv/versions/18.8.0/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.19 - /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
    npm: 8.18.0 - ~/.nodenv/versions/18.8.0/bin/npm
  Browsers:
    Chrome: 109.0.5414.87
    Firefox Developer Edition: 108.0
    Safari: 16.2
  npmPackages:
    vite: ^4.0.4 => 4.0.4

Used Package Manager

npm

Logs

Vite failed to build output.
That's because the file specified in module field is loaded. (old.mjs).
(To make it easier to understand the impact, the ./lib/old.mjs is a deprecated file, and the interface is different from ./lib/index.mjs.)

"default" is not exported by "src/submodule/lib/old.mjs", imported by "src/index.mjs".

vite build

$ vite build        
vite v4.0.4 building for production...
✓ 2 modules transformed.
"default" is not exported by "src/submodule/lib/old.mjs", imported by "src/index.mjs".
file: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/src/index.mjs:2:7
1: // eslint-disable-next-line node/no-extraneous-import
2: import submodule from "submodule-repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports";
          ^
3: 
4: console.log("Loaded file is:", submodule);
error during build:
RollupError: "default" is not exported by "src/submodule/lib/old.mjs", imported by "src/index.mjs".
    at error (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:2041:30)
    at Module.error (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13062:16)
    at Module.traceVariable (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13445:29)
    at ModuleScope.findVariable (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:11926:39)
    at Identifier.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:7855:40)
    at CallExpression.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5649:28)
    at CallExpression.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:9372:15)
    at ExpressionStatement.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5653:23)
    at Program.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5649:28)
    at Module.bindReferences (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13058:18)

vite build --debug

$ vite build --debug
  vite:config bundled config file loaded in 36.43ms +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck (root: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports) +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck (root: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports) +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck (root: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports) +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck (root: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports) +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck end +2ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck end +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck end +0ms
  vite:esbuild init tsconfck end +0ms
  vite:config using resolved config: {
  vite:config   build: {
  vite:config     target: [ 'es2020', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari14' ],
  vite:config     cssTarget: [ 'es2020', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari14' ],
  vite:config     outDir: 'dist',
  vite:config     assetsDir: 'assets',
  vite:config     assetsInlineLimit: 4096,
  vite:config     cssCodeSplit: true,
  vite:config     sourcemap: false,
  vite:config     rollupOptions: { input: 'src/index.mjs', output: [Object] },
  vite:config     minify: 'esbuild',
  vite:config     terserOptions: {},
  vite:config     write: true,
  vite:config     emptyOutDir: null,
  vite:config     copyPublicDir: true,
  vite:config     manifest: false,
  vite:config     lib: false,
  vite:config     ssr: false,
  vite:config     ssrManifest: false,
  vite:config     reportCompressedSize: true,
  vite:config     chunkSizeWarningLimit: 500,
  vite:config     watch: null,
  vite:config     commonjsOptions: { include: [Array], extensions: [Array] },
  vite:config     dynamicImportVarsOptions: { warnOnError: true, exclude: [Array] },
  vite:config     modulePreload: { polyfill: true }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   optimizeDeps: {
  vite:config     disabled: 'build',
  vite:config     force: undefined,
  vite:config     esbuildOptions: { preserveSymlinks: false }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   configFile: '/Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/vite.config.mjs',
  vite:config   configFileDependencies: [
  vite:config     '/Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/vite.config.mjs'
  vite:config   ],
  vite:config   inlineConfig: {
  vite:config     root: undefined,
  vite:config     base: undefined,
  vite:config     mode: undefined,
  vite:config     configFile: undefined,
  vite:config     logLevel: undefined,
  vite:config     clearScreen: undefined,
  vite:config     optimizeDeps: { force: undefined },
  vite:config     build: {}
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   root: '/Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports',
  vite:config   base: '/',
  vite:config   rawBase: '/',
  vite:config   resolve: {
  vite:config     mainFields: [ 'module', 'jsnext:main', 'jsnext' ],
  vite:config     browserField: true,
  vite:config     conditions: [],
  vite:config     extensions: [
  vite:config       '.mjs',  '.js',
  vite:config       '.mts',  '.ts',
  vite:config       '.jsx',  '.tsx',
  vite:config       '.json'
  vite:config     ],
  vite:config     dedupe: [],
  vite:config     preserveSymlinks: false,
  vite:config     alias: [ [Object], [Object] ]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   publicDir: '/Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/public',
  vite:config   cacheDir: '/Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/.vite',
  vite:config   command: 'build',
  vite:config   mode: 'production',
  vite:config   ssr: {
  vite:config     format: 'esm',
  vite:config     target: 'node',
  vite:config     optimizeDeps: { disabled: true, esbuildOptions: [Object] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   isWorker: false,
  vite:config   mainConfig: null,
  vite:config   isProduction: true,
  vite:config   plugins: [
  vite:config     'vite:build-metadata',
  vite:config     'vite:pre-alias',
  vite:config     'alias',
  vite:config     'vite:modulepreload-polyfill',
  vite:config     'vite:resolve',
  vite:config     'vite:html-inline-proxy',
  vite:config     'vite:css',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild',
  vite:config     'vite:json',
  vite:config     'vite:wasm-helper',
  vite:config     'vite:worker',
  vite:config     'vite:asset',
  vite:config     'vite:wasm-fallback',
  vite:config     'vite:define',
  vite:config     'vite:css-post',
  vite:config     'vite:build-html',
  vite:config     'vite:worker-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:asset-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:force-systemjs-wrap-complete',
  vite:config     'vite:watch-package-data',
  vite:config     'commonjs',
  vite:config     'vite:data-uri',
  vite:config     'vite:dynamic-import-vars',
  vite:config     'vite:import-glob',
  vite:config     'vite:build-import-analysis',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild-transpile',
  vite:config     'vite:terser',
  vite:config     'vite:reporter',
  vite:config     'vite:load-fallback'
  vite:config   ],
  vite:config   server: {
  vite:config     preTransformRequests: true,
  vite:config     middlewareMode: false,
  vite:config     fs: { strict: true, allow: [Array], deny: [Array] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   preview: {
  vite:config     port: undefined,
  vite:config     strictPort: undefined,
  vite:config     host: undefined,
  vite:config     https: undefined,
  vite:config     open: undefined,
  vite:config     proxy: undefined,
  vite:config     cors: undefined,
  vite:config     headers: undefined
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   env: { BASE_URL: '/', MODE: 'production', DEV: false, PROD: true },
  vite:config   assetsInclude: [Function: assetsInclude],
  vite:config   logger: {
  vite:config     hasWarned: false,
  vite:config     info: [Function: info],
  vite:config     warn: [Function: warn],
  vite:config     warnOnce: [Function: warnOnce],
  vite:config     error: [Function: error],
  vite:config     clearScreen: [Function: clearScreen],
  vite:config     hasErrorLogged: [Function: hasErrorLogged]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   packageCache: Map(0) { set: [Function (anonymous)] },
  vite:config   createResolver: [Function: createResolver],
  vite:config   worker: {
  vite:config     format: 'iife',
  vite:config     plugins: [
  vite:config       'vite:build-metadata',
  vite:config       'vite:pre-alias',
  vite:config       'alias',
  vite:config       'vite:modulepreload-polyfill',
  vite:config       'vite:resolve',
  vite:config       'vite:html-inline-proxy',
  vite:config       'vite:css',
  vite:config       'vite:esbuild',
  vite:config       'vite:json',
  vite:config       'vite:wasm-helper',
  vite:config       'vite:worker',
  vite:config       'vite:asset',
  vite:config       'vite:wasm-fallback',
  vite:config       'vite:define',
  vite:config       'vite:css-post',
  vite:config       'vite:build-html',
  vite:config       'vite:worker-import-meta-url',
  vite:config       'vite:asset-import-meta-url',
  vite:config       'vite:force-systemjs-wrap-complete',
  vite:config       'vite:watch-package-data',
  vite:config       'commonjs',
  vite:config       'vite:data-uri',
  vite:config       'vite:dynamic-import-vars',
  vite:config       'vite:import-glob',
  vite:config       'vite:build-import-analysis',
  vite:config       'vite:esbuild-transpile',
  vite:config       'vite:terser',
  vite:config       'vite:load-fallback'
  vite:config     ],
  vite:config     rollupOptions: {},
  vite:config     getSortedPlugins: [Function: getSortedPlugins],
  vite:config     getSortedPluginHooks: [Function: getSortedPluginHooks]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   appType: 'spa',
  vite:config   experimental: { importGlobRestoreExtension: false, hmrPartialAccept: false },
  vite:config   getSortedPlugins: [Function: getSortedPlugins],
  vite:config   getSortedPluginHooks: [Function: getSortedPluginHooks]
  vite:config } +6ms
vite v4.0.4 building for production...
✓ 2 modules transformed.
"default" is not exported by "src/submodule/lib/old.mjs", imported by "src/index.mjs".
file: /Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/src/index.mjs:2:7
1: // eslint-disable-next-line node/no-extraneous-import
2: import submodule from "submodule-repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports";
          ^
3: 
4: console.log("Loaded file is:", submodule);
error during build:
RollupError: "default" is not exported by "src/submodule/lib/old.mjs", imported by "src/index.mjs".
    at error (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:2041:30)
    at Module.error (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13062:16)
    at Module.traceVariable (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13445:29)
    at ModuleScope.findVariable (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:11926:39)
    at Identifier.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:7855:40)
    at CallExpression.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5649:28)
    at CallExpression.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:9372:15)
    at ExpressionStatement.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5653:23)
    at Program.bind (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:5649:28)
    at Module.bindReferences (file:///Users/tasshi/git/mshrtsr/repro-vite-prefers-module-to-exports/node_modules/rollup/dist/es/shared/rollup.js:13058:18)

Validations

• Follow our Code of Conduct
• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the docs.
• Check that there isn't already an issue that reports the same bug to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Make sure this is a Vite issue and not a framework-specific issue. For example, if it's a Vue SFC related bug, it should likely be reported to vuejs/core instead.
• Check that this is a concrete bug. For Q&A open a GitHub Discussion or join our Discord Chat Server.
• The provided reproduction is a minimal reproducible example of the bug.

[bluwy]

Duplicate of #11114