diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/controller/SpringDocTemplateController.java b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/controller/SpringDocTemplateController.java
index 7076558e7..747ab737b 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/controller/SpringDocTemplateController.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/controller/SpringDocTemplateController.java
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ ResponseEntity<FindAllTemplatesResponse> findAllTemplates(
     @ApiErrorResponse(status = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, instance = "/templates/1/login", errorCases = {
             @ErrorCase(description = "해당하는 ID 값인 템플릿이 없는 경우", exampleMessage = "식별자 1에 해당하는 템플릿이 존재하지 않습니다."),
     })
+    @ApiErrorResponse(status = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, instance = "/templates/1", errorCases = {
+            @ErrorCase(description = "다른 사람의 private 템플릿인 경우", exampleMessage = "해당 템플릿은 비공개 템플릿입니다."),
+    })
     ResponseEntity<FindTemplateResponse> findTemplateById(Member member, Long id);
 
     @SecurityRequirement(name = "쿠키 인증 토큰")
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/domain/Template.java b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/domain/Template.java
index 3d91767ef..4c4d590af 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/domain/Template.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/domain/Template.java
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@
 import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
 import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany;
 
+import org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnDefault;
 import org.hibernate.annotations.Formula;
 
 import codezap.category.domain.Category;
 import codezap.global.auditing.BaseTimeEntity;
-import codezap.global.exception.CodeZapException;
-import codezap.global.exception.ErrorCode;
 import codezap.member.domain.Member;
 import lombok.AccessLevel;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
@@ -57,6 +56,7 @@ public class Template extends BaseTimeEntity {
     private Long likesCount;
 
     @Column(nullable = false)
+    @ColumnDefault("'PUBLIC'")
     @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
     private Visibility visibility;
 
@@ -65,11 +65,7 @@ public Template(Member member, String title, String description, Category catego
     }
 
     public Template(Member member, String title, String description, Category category, Visibility visibility) {
-        this.member = member;
-        this.title = title;
-        this.description = description;
-        this.category = category;
-        this.visibility = visibility;
+        this(null, member, title, description, category, null, 0L, visibility);
     }
 
     public void updateTemplate(String title, String description, Category category, Visibility visibility) {
@@ -79,9 +75,11 @@ public void updateTemplate(String title, String description, Category category,
         this.visibility = visibility;
     }
 
-    public void validateAuthorization(Member member) {
-        if (!getMember().equals(member)) {
-            throw new CodeZapException(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS, "해당 템플릿에 대한 권한이 없습니다.");
-        }
+    public boolean matchMember(Member member) {
+        return this.member.equals(member);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPrivate() {
+        return visibility == Visibility.PRIVATE;
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/TemplateService.java b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/TemplateService.java
index f6143784e..ed04667fd 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/TemplateService.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/TemplateService.java
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ public Template update(
             Category category
     ) {
         Template template = templateRepository.fetchById(templateId);
-        template.validateAuthorization(member);
+        if (!template.matchMember(member)) {
+            throw new CodeZapException(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS, "해당 템플릿에 대한 권한이 없습니다.");
+        }
         template.updateTemplate(
                 updateTemplateRequest.title(),
                 updateTemplateRequest.description(),
@@ -86,7 +88,9 @@ public void deleteByMemberAndIds(Member member, List<Long> ids) {
 
     private void deleteById(Member member, Long id) {
         Template template = templateRepository.fetchById(id);
-        template.validateAuthorization(member);
+        if (!template.matchMember(member)) {
+            throw new CodeZapException(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS, "해당 템플릿에 대한 권한이 없습니다.");
+        }
         templateRepository.deleteById(id);
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationService.java b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationService.java
index c2b380cbe..cb9234388 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationService.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationService.java
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 import codezap.category.domain.Category;
 import codezap.category.service.CategoryService;
+import codezap.global.exception.CodeZapException;
+import codezap.global.exception.ErrorCode;
 import codezap.likes.service.LikedChecker;
 import codezap.likes.service.LikesService;
 import codezap.member.domain.Member;
@@ -58,18 +60,29 @@ public Long create(Member member, CreateTemplateRequest createTemplateRequest) {
     }
 
     public FindTemplateResponse findById(Long id) {
-        Template template = templateService.getById(id);
-        List<Tag> tags = tagService.findAllByTemplate(template);
-        List<SourceCode> sourceCodes = sourceCodeService.findAllByTemplate(template);
-        return FindTemplateResponse.of(template, sourceCodes, tags, false);
+        return makeTemplateResponse(id, template -> false, template -> false);
     }
 
     public FindTemplateResponse findById(Long id, Member loginMember) {
+        return makeTemplateResponse(
+                id,
+                template -> template.matchMember(loginMember),
+                template -> likesService.isLiked(loginMember, template)
+        );
+    }
+
+    private FindTemplateResponse makeTemplateResponse(
+            Long id,
+            TemplateOwnershipChecker templateOwnershipChecker,
+            LikedChecker likedChecker
+    ) {
         Template template = templateService.getById(id);
+        if (!templateOwnershipChecker.isOwner(template) && template.isPrivate()) {
+            throw new CodeZapException(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS, "해당 템플릿은 비공개 템플릿입니다.");
+        }
         List<Tag> tags = tagService.findAllByTemplate(template);
         List<SourceCode> sourceCodes = sourceCodeService.findAllByTemplate(template);
-        boolean isLiked = likesService.isLiked(loginMember, template);
-        return FindTemplateResponse.of(template, sourceCodes, tags, isLiked);
+        return FindTemplateResponse.of(template, sourceCodes, tags, likedChecker.isLiked(template));
     }
 
     public FindAllTemplatesResponse findAllBy(
@@ -82,7 +95,7 @@ public FindAllTemplatesResponse findAllBy(
         Page<Template> templates = templateService.findAllBy(
                 memberId, keyword, categoryId, tagIds, Visibility.PUBLIC, pageable
         );
-        return makeResponse(templates, (template) -> false);
+        return makeAllTemplatesResponse(templates, (template) -> false);
     }
 
     public FindAllTemplatesResponse findAllBy(
@@ -96,7 +109,7 @@ public FindAllTemplatesResponse findAllBy(
         Page<Template> templates = templateService.findAllBy(
                 memberId, keyword, categoryId, tagIds, getVisibilityLevel(memberId, loginMember), pageable
         );
-        return makeResponse(templates, (template -> likesService.isLiked(loginMember, template)));
+        return makeAllTemplatesResponse(templates, (template -> likesService.isLiked(loginMember, template)));
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -107,7 +120,7 @@ private Visibility getVisibilityLevel(Long memberId, Member loginMember) {
         return null;
     }
 
-    private FindAllTemplatesResponse makeResponse(Page<Template> page, LikedChecker likedChecker) {
+    private FindAllTemplatesResponse makeAllTemplatesResponse(Page<Template> page, LikedChecker likedChecker) {
         List<Template> templates = page.getContent();
         List<FindAllTemplateItemResponse> findAllTemplateByResponse =
                 getFindAllTemplateItemResponses(templates, likedChecker);
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateOwnershipChecker.java b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateOwnershipChecker.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fa67cbd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateOwnershipChecker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package codezap.template.service.facade;
+
+import codezap.template.domain.Template;
+
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface TemplateOwnershipChecker {
+
+    boolean isOwner(Template template);
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/domain/TemplateTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/domain/TemplateTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4515b271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/domain/TemplateTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package codezap.template.domain;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import codezap.category.domain.Category;
+import codezap.fixture.MemberFixture;
+import codezap.fixture.TemplateFixture;
+import codezap.member.domain.Member;
+
+class TemplateTest {
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("멤버 확인")
+    class MatchMember {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("성공: 같은 사용자일 경우 true")
+        void matchMemberSuccess() {
+            Member member = MemberFixture.getFirstMember();
+            Template template = TemplateFixture.get(member, Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+
+            boolean actual = template.matchMember(member);
+
+            assertThat(actual).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("성공: 다른 사용자일 경우 false")
+        void matchMemberFail() {
+            Member member = MemberFixture.getFirstMember();
+            Member otherMember = MemberFixture.getSecondMember();
+            Template template = TemplateFixture.get(member, Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+
+            boolean actual = template.matchMember(otherMember);
+
+            assertThat(actual).isFalse();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    @DisplayName("공개 범위 확인")
+    class IsPrivate {
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("성공: 비공개 템플릿일 경우 true")
+        void isPrivateTrue() {
+            Member member = MemberFixture.getFirstMember();
+            Template template = TemplateFixture.getPrivate(member, Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+
+            boolean actual = template.isPrivate();
+
+            assertThat(actual).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("성공: 공개 템플릿일 경우 false")
+        void isPrivateFalse() {
+            Member member = MemberFixture.getFirstMember();
+            Member otherMember = MemberFixture.getSecondMember();
+            Template template = TemplateFixture.get(member, Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+
+            boolean actual = template.isPrivate();
+
+            assertThat(actual).isFalse();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationServiceTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationServiceTest.java
index 2d44cfeff..c894eb9e4 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationServiceTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/codezap/template/service/facade/TemplateApplicationServiceTest.java
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;
 
 import codezap.category.domain.Category;
-import codezap.category.repository.CategoryRepository;
 import codezap.fixture.CategoryFixture;
 import codezap.fixture.MemberFixture;
 import codezap.fixture.SourceCodeFixture;
 import codezap.fixture.TemplateFixture;
 import codezap.global.ServiceTest;
 import codezap.global.exception.CodeZapException;
+import codezap.global.exception.ErrorCode;
 import codezap.likes.domain.Likes;
 import codezap.member.domain.Member;
 import codezap.template.domain.SourceCode;
@@ -120,6 +120,21 @@ void findByTemplateId() {
                     () -> assertThat(actual.isLiked()).isFalse()
             );
         }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ID로 템플릿 조회 실패: 다른 사람의 private 템플릿 조회 불가")
+        void findByTemplateIdFailOtherPersonPrivateTemplate() {
+            // given
+            var member = memberRepository.save(MemberFixture.getFirstMember());
+            var category = categoryRepository.save(Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+            var template = templateRepository.save(TemplateFixture.getPrivate(member, category));
+
+            // when & then
+            assertThatThrownBy(() -> sut.findById(template.getId()))
+                    .isInstanceOf(CodeZapException.class)
+                    .hasMessage("해당 템플릿은 비공개 템플릿입니다.")
+                    .extracting("errorCode").isEqualTo(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS);
+        }
     }
 
     @Nested
@@ -162,6 +177,40 @@ void getByIdWithMemberNoLikes() {
                     () -> assertThat(actual.isLiked()).isFalse()
             );
         }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ID로 템플릿 조회 실패: 다른 사람의 private 템플릿 조회 불가")
+        void findByTemplateIdFailOtherPersonPrivateTemplate() {
+            // given
+            var member = memberRepository.save(MemberFixture.getFirstMember());
+            var otherMember = memberRepository.save(MemberFixture.getSecondMember());
+            var category = categoryRepository.save(Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+            var template = templateRepository.save(TemplateFixture.getPrivate(member, category));
+
+            // when & then
+            assertThatThrownBy(() -> sut.findById(template.getId(), otherMember))
+                    .isInstanceOf(CodeZapException.class)
+                    .hasMessage("해당 템플릿은 비공개 템플릿입니다.")
+                    .extracting("errorCode").isEqualTo(ErrorCode.FORBIDDEN_ACCESS);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        @DisplayName("ID로 템플릿 조회 성공: 내 private 템플릿 조회 가능")
+        void findByTemplateIdSuccessPrivateTemplate() {
+            // given
+            var member = memberRepository.save(MemberFixture.getFirstMember());
+            var category = categoryRepository.save(Category.createDefaultCategory(member));
+            var template = templateRepository.save(TemplateFixture.getPrivate(member, category));
+
+            // when
+            var actual = sut.findById(template.getId(), member);
+
+            // then
+            assertAll(
+                    () -> assertThat(actual.id()).isEqualTo(1L),
+                    () -> assertThat(actual.isLiked()).isFalse()
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     @Nested