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Tic_tac_toe.py
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Tic_tac_toe.py
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import tkinter as tk
import random
board_layout = []
utilities = {}
turn = 'X'
radio_button = '0'
winner = ''
count = 0
def comp_step():
global turn
current_board = get_matrix_board()
# random step
if radio_button == '1':
labels_unbind()
# delay between player step and computer step
utilities['root'].after(500, lambda: freeze_game(random.choice(empty_cells(current_board))))
# smart step (minimax algorithm)
if radio_button == '2':
# checks if it's the computer's turn
if turn == 'O':
labels_unbind()
# gets the optimal index for computer step
index = minimax(current_board, True)[1]
# delay between player step and computer step
utilities['root'].after(500, lambda: freeze_game(index))
def get_matrix_board():
board = [[], [], []]
for i in range(len(board_layout)):
# converts the visual board to a matrix
board[i // 3].append(board_layout[i]['text'])
return board
def empty_cells(board):
# returns a indexes list of the empty cells
return [(row, column) for row in range(3) for column in range(3) if board[row][column] == '']
def minimax(board, min_max):
"""Computes all possible ways to proceed from the current state and selects the optimal way."""
result = win_draw(board)
if result != 2:
return result, None
maximum = -1
minimum = 1
best_index = (0, 0)
for index in empty_cells(board):
new_board = [i.copy() for i in board]
# puts in the board X or O according the turn
new_board[index[0]][index[1]] = 'O' if min_max is True else 'X'
# the recursive step
result = minimax(new_board, not min_max)[0]
# computer turn
if min_max is True:
# improvement of the algorithm for saving unnecessary steps
if result == 1:
return 1, index
# Finds the maximum result out of the possible ways and its index (one step from the current board)
if maximum <= result:
maximum = result
best_index = index
# player turn
else:
# improvement of the algorithm for saving unnecessary steps
if result == -1:
return -1, index
# Finds the minimum result out of the possible ways and its index (one step from the current board)
if minimum >= result:
minimum = result
best_index = index
# returns the result and the optimal index
return (maximum, best_index) if min_max is True else (minimum, best_index)
def win_draw(board):
# checks win
for i in range(3):
# checks rows
if board[i][0] == board[i][1] == board[i][2]:
if board[i][0] != '':
return 1 if board[i][0] == 'O' else -1 if board[i][0] == 'X' else 2
# checks columns
if board[0][i] == board[1][i] == board[2][i]:
if board[0][i] != '':
return 1 if board[0][i] == 'O' else -1 if board[0][i] == 'X' else 2
# checks diagonals
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] == board[2][2]) or (board[2][0] == board[1][1] == board[0][2]):
if board[1][1] != '':
return 1 if board[1][1] == 'O' else -1 if board[1][1] == 'X' else 2
# checks draw
return 0 if '' not in [board[i][j] for i in range(3) for j in range(3)] else 2
def freeze_game(index):
# changes the pressed label to 'O'
board_layout[index[0] * 3 + index[1]].config(text='O')
labels_bind()
check_win_draw()
def check_win_draw():
global winner
global turn
global count
if winner == '':
current_board = get_matrix_board()
result = win_draw(current_board)
if result in [1, -1]:
winner = turn
utilities['turn_label']['text'] = f'The winner is {winner}'
labels_unbind()
if result == 0:
utilities['turn_label']['text'] = 'Draw'
if result == 2:
turn = 'O' if turn == 'X' else 'X'
utilities['turn_label']['text'] = f'Turn {turn}'
count += 1
utilities['counter']['text'] = f'Moves: {count}'
return result
def player_step(label):
if label['text'] == '':
label.config(text=turn)
# Checks if you are playing against the computer and checks if there is no winner or draw
if check_win_draw() == 2 and radio_button != '0':
comp_step()
def labels_bind():
""" Enables clicking on the grid """
for i in range(len(board_layout)):
board_layout[i].bind("<Button-1>", func=lambda event, item=i: player_step(board_layout[item]))
def labels_unbind():
""" Disables clicking on the grid """
for i in range(len(board_layout)):
board_layout[i].bind("<Button-1>", func=lambda x: x)
def grid_all():
for i in range(len(board_layout)):
board_layout[i].grid(row=(i // 3), column=(i % 3))
utilities['turn_label'].grid(row=0)
utilities['counter'].grid(row=1)
utilities['restart'].grid(row=2)
# Sets the radio buttons (pv)
index = 0
for key in utilities:
if key.startswith('pv'):
utilities[key].grid(row=index, pady=5, padx=5, sticky='W')
index += 1
def new_game():
# reset all labels and global variables
global winner
global turn
global count
global board_layout
global utilities
winner = ''
turn = 'X'
count = 0
labels_bind()
for i in range(len(board_layout)):
board_layout[i]['text'] = ''
utilities['turn_label']['text'] = f'Turn {turn}'
utilities['counter']['text'] = f'Moves: {count}'
def change_player(radio):
global radio_button
radio_button = radio.get()
new_game()
def main():
global count
global board_layout
global utilities
root = tk.Tk()
root.wm_title('Tic Tac Toe')
frame = tk.Frame(root)
FONT, FONT2, FONT3 = ('Arial', 70), ('Arial', 20), ('Arial', 16)
# board layout view
top_left = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
top_middle = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
top_right = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
middle_left = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
middle_middle = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
middle_right = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
bottom_left = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
bottom_middle = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
bottom_right = tk.Label(frame, text='', font=FONT, width=2, height=1, relief='solid')
# utility items
frame2 = tk.Frame(root)
turn_label = tk.Label(frame2, text=f'Turn {turn}', font=FONT2)
turn_count = tk.Label(frame2, text=f"Moves: {count}", font=FONT2)
restart = tk.Button(frame2, text='New game', command=lambda: new_game(), font=FONT3)
radio = tk.StringVar()
radio.set(0)
frame3 = tk.Frame(root)
player_vs_player = tk.Radiobutton(frame3, text='Player vs Player', command=(lambda: change_player(radio)),
variable=radio, value=0)
player_vs_computer = tk.Radiobutton(frame3, text='Player vs Computer', command=(lambda: change_player(radio)),
variable=radio, value=1)
player_vs_smart_computer = tk.Radiobutton(frame3, text='Player vs Smart Computer',
command=(lambda: change_player(radio)), variable=radio, value=2)
utilities = {
'turn_label': turn_label,
'restart': restart,
'root': root,
'pvp': player_vs_player,
'pvc': player_vs_computer,
'pvsc': player_vs_smart_computer,
'counter': turn_count
}
board_layout = [top_left, top_middle, top_right, middle_left, middle_middle, middle_right, bottom_left,
bottom_middle, bottom_right]
grid_all()
labels_bind()
frame.pack()
frame2.pack()
frame3.pack(anchor='w')
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()