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* Update 04-International-Institutions-EU.md

* Update 03-webarchive-national-dimension.md

* Update 03-webarchive-national-dimension.md

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* Update 03-webarchive-national-dimension.md

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17 changes: 9 additions & 8 deletions _assignments/webarchives/03-webarchive-national-dimension.md
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Expand Up @@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ Yet the task of archiving the entire web is not an easy one. The explosive growt

### 3.a Challenges and limits of preservation: The example of the Luxembourg Web Archive
<!-- section-contents -->
In this sub-assignment, the [Luxembourg Web Archive (LWA)](https://www.webarchive.lu/){:target='_blank'}) managed by the BnL will be explored to identify the benefits, limitations and challenges of web archiving.
In this sub-assignment, the [Luxembourg Web Archive (LWA)](https://www.webarchive.lu/){:target='_blank'} managed by the BnL will be explored to identify the benefits, limitations and challenges of web archiving.
Web archivists have the task of defining the parameters and criteria for their digital collection of web pages. They have to decide which types of sites they should archive (i.e. government sites, news agency sites, museum sites, personal blogs, etc.), how many times a year snapshots should be taken, and how this content can be made accessible to their audience.

{:style='text-align: center'}
![lux-web](/../../assets/images/lux-web.png "lux-web")

Imagine that you work at the National Library of Luxembourg and your job is to help select and collect all the relevant information on the web that pertains to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Now imagine that a secondary school student wants to understand how the LWA works and has asked you to help explain it to her.
Using the information found on the [main page of the Luxembourg Web Archive](https://www.webarchive.lu/){:target='_blank'}), its [FAQ section](https://www.webarchive.lu/faq/){:target='_blank'}) and the [“How it Works” page](https://www.webarchive.lu/how-it-works/){:target='_blank'}), answer the following questions that are posed by this imaginary secondary school student:
Using the information found on the [main page of the Luxembourg Web Archive](https://www.webarchive.lu/){:target='_blank'}, its [FAQ section](https://www.webarchive.lu/faq/){:target='_blank'} and the [“How it Works” page](https://www.webarchive.lu/how-it-works/){:target='_blank'}, answer the following questions that are posed by this imaginary secondary school student:

{:style='margin: 1rem auto; max-width: 400px'}
[![How it Works](https://image.thum.io/get/https://www.webarchive.lu/how-it-works/ "How it Works")](https://www.webarchive.lu/how-it-works/){:target='_blank'}
Expand All @@ -55,9 +55,11 @@ Using the information found on the [main page of the Luxembourg Web Archive](htt

The example of the LWA in assignment 3.a shows the contradiction between the principle of openness and the limits of institutions in sustaining an open system when they also have to take into account the rights of copyright holders. Because of the latter, we do not have online access to the information within the LWA, as it can only be used within certain library premises. However, we are lucky that some of the content in the LWA is also available online through the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine (WM). As such, this lesson makes use of the Wayback Machine, rather than the LWA, for the next sub-assignment on archived Luxembourgish web content. The BnL has a contract with IA to crawl the Luxembourgish web, meaning that they offer the same content, but the BnL offers some complementary tools to explore the collections.

Download the teaching aid for working with the interface of the Wayback Machine from; url
Download the [teaching aid for working with the interface of the Wayback Machine](/assets/pdf/wayback-machine-interface.pdf){:target='_blank'}.

Go to the Internet Archive’s [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/){:target='_blank'}), copy and paste the URL www.luxembourg.lu and press the “Enter” key. You should arrive on the page <https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.luxembourg.lu>{:target='_blank'}.


Go to the Internet Archive’s [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/){:target='_blank'}, copy and paste the URL www.luxembourg.lu and press the “Enter” key. You should arrive on the page <https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.luxembourg.lu>{:target='_blank'}.
Referring to the WM interface user guide, answer the following questions:

- Select two elements on this page that provide information about how the Internet Archive has archived the web page that corresponds to this specific URL.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -102,13 +104,12 @@ Based on these three archived snapshots from 1996, 2003 and the last five years,
### Reading/viewing suggestions
<!-- section-contents -->

- Nielsen, Janne. *Using Web Archives in Research: An Introduction*. Aarhus: NetLab, 2016. [E-book](http://www.netlab.dk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Nielsen_Using_Web_Archives_in_Research.pdf)
{:target='_blank'}
- Nielsen, Janne. *Using Web Archives in Research: An Introduction*. Aarhus: NetLab, 2016. [E-book](https://dighumlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Nielsen_Using_Web_Archives_in_Research.pdf){:target='_blank'}
- Brügger, Niels, and Ralph Schroeder, eds. *The Web as History: Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present.* London: UCL Press, 2017. [E-book](https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1542998/1/The-Web-as-History.pdf){:target='_blank'}
- Huss, Nick. “How Many Websites Are There Around The World?” Sateefy. Last modified November 27, 2022. [Website](https://siteefy.com/how-many-websites-are-there/){:target='_blank'}
- Potter, Abby. "Why Archive The Web." IIPC. October 18. 2012. Video, 2:53. [Youtube Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pU32rjTaMFE{:target='_blank'})
- Potter, Abby. "Why Archive The Web." IIPC. October 18. 2012. Video, 2:53. [Youtube Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pU32rjTaMFE){:target='_blank'}
- Library of Congress. “Web Archiving.” November 30, 2009. Video, 3:10. [Youtube Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0943YkhLWU>{:target='_blank'})
- World Wide Web Size research project measuring the size of the indexed web by Tilburg University (updated on a daily basis) (<https://www.worldwidewebsize.com/>{:target='_blank'})
- World Wide Web Size research project measuring the size of the indexed web by Tilburg University (updated on a daily basis) [https://www.worldwidewebsize.com/](https://www.worldwidewebsize.com/){:target='_blank'}


<!-- briefing-teacher -->
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Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The act of archiving is not just driven by neutral concerns for preservation. It
The [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union){:target='_blank'}) was created within a specific geopolitical context in the aftermath of the Second World War to stimulate trade and collaboration between European countries and diminish the risk of future violent conflict. As this context developed and new countries joined the EU, the EU changed accordingly, and one of these changes was the increase in the number of EU agencies. With the advent of the web in the 1990s, the way in which these institutes could present themselves to their audiences was also affected. Thus, when consulting a web archive for an EU agency, it is important to understand what the function of the website was for that agency at that point in time. Ask yourself: **Was creating a website and publishing texts about the mission of the agency something completely new at the time, or was it a continuation of an existing practice – such as informing the outside world about what an organisation does – through the new medium of the website?** Reflecting on this question will help you understand the value of a website as a historical source.

There are two ways of consulting the web archives of the EU. You can use the Internet Archive’s [Wayback Machine](https://archive.org/web/){:target='_blank'}, which has taken random snapshots since the very beginning of the web in 1996 on a non-profit basis, or you can consult the [European Union Web Archive](https://www.archive-it.org/collections/12090){:target='_blank'}), which consists of web pages that are covered more systematically by the Internet Archive’s paid service, Archive-It, which started to offer these services in 2006. The institution responsible for preservation policy is the Publications Office of the European Union. Based in Luxembourg, this inter-institutional organisation has the task of producing and disseminating the EU’s publications, providing free access to official information and data from the EU, and ensuring the long-term preservation of content produced by EU institutions and bodies.
For this assignment we will use the Wayback Machine and our corresponding “cheat sheet” to compare the archived content of two EU agencies over time: the [European Court of Justice](https://curia.europa.eu/){:target='_blank'}) and the [European Institute for Gender Equality](https://eige.europa.eu/){:target='_blank'}).
For this assignment we will use the Wayback Machine and our corresponding “cheat sheet” to compare the archived content of two EU agencies over time: the [European Court of Justice](https://curia.europa.eu/){:target='_blank'} and the [European Institute for Gender Equality](https://eige.europa.eu/){:target='_blank'}.

Tip: The best way to compare the two is to take a screenshot of each home page, decrease the size, and then place them next to each other on your screen.

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion pages/who-we-are.de.md
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Expand Up @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Ranke.2 ist ein Projekt des C<sup>2</sup>DH.
[Stefan Krebs](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/stefan-krebs) - Projektleitung und Verwaltung <br>
[Sofia Papastamkou](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/sofia-papastamkou) - Projekt- und Redaktionskoordination <br>
[Daniele Guido](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/daniele-guido) - Visuelles Konzept und Design, Webentwicklung <br>
[Frédéric Reiss](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - Unterstützung bei der Webentwicklung <br>
[Frédéric Reis](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - Unterstützung bei der Webentwicklung <br>


### Ehemalige Teammitglieder
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion pages/who-we-are.fr.md
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Expand Up @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Ranke.2 est un projet du C<sup>2</sup>DH. Initié par Andreas Fickers et à l'or
[Stefan Krebs](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/stefan-krebs) - gestion et administration du projet <br>
[Sofia Papastamkou](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/sofia-papastamkou) - coordination éditoriale et générale du projet <br>
[Daniele Guido](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/daniele-guido) - conception visuelle et design, développement web <br>
[Frédéric Reiss](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - assistance développement web <br>
[Frédéric Reis](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - assistance développement web <br>


### Ont fait partie de l'équipe
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion pages/who-we-are.md
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Expand Up @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Ranke.2 is a project of the C<sup>2</sup>DH. It was initiated by Andreas Fickers
[Stefan Krebs](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/stefan-krebs) - project management and administration <br>
[Sofia Papastamkou](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/sofia-papastamkou) - project and editorial coordination <br>
[Daniele Guido](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/daniele-guido) - visual concept and design, web developement <br>
[Frédéric Reiss](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - assistance web development <br>
[Frédéric Reis](https://www.c2dh.uni.lu/people/frederic-reiss) - assistance web development <br>


### Past Core Team
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