Allow virtual columns in PREWHERE

[amosbird]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Improvement

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Now we can use virtual columns in PREWHERE. It's worthwhile for non-const virtual columns like _part_offset.

[robot-clickhouse-ci-2]

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[amosbird]

Stress test (tsan) — Found signal in gdb.log

#51339

Upgrade check (debug) — New settings are not reflected in settings changes history (see new_setting

#58402 (comment)

[CurtizJ]

@amosbird

I want to make a refactoring near virtual columns. Wouldn't you mind if I'll include and continue this PR in refactoring?

[amosbird]

@CurtizJ Certainly! Feel free to include and continue this PR.