Expose parseColumnType function

[slvrtrn]

Summary

Extracted and exported the parseColumnType method from the #257 branch. Related to #273.
This is useful not only for RowBinary/Native protocols but also for TS interface codegens, so it is probably worth adding it right away.

For example:

• Input type: Array(Array(DateTime('Etc/GMT-5')))
• Output object:

{
  sourceType: `Array(Array(DateTime('Etc/GMT-5')))`,
  type: 'Array',
  dimensions: 2,
  value: {
    type: 'DateTime',
    timezone: 'Etc/GMT-5',
    sourceType: `DateTime('Etc/GMT-5')`,
  },
}

Currently supported types to parse:

• Bool
• UInt8
• Int8
• UInt16
• Int16
• UInt32
• Int32
• UInt64
• Int64
• UInt128
• Int128
• UInt256
• Int256
• Float32
• Float64
• String
• FixedString(N)
• UUID
• Date
• Date32
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Array (arbitrary nesting)
• Map (arbitrary nesting)
• Tuple (arbitrary nesting)
• Enum (including enums in arrays, maps, tuples)
• DateTime (including timezones)
• DateTime64 (including timezones and various precisions)
• Decimal
• Nullable, LowCardinality combinations

Currently, not supported (will throw):

• Geo
• (Simple)AggregateFunction
• Nested
• Old/new JSON
• Dynamic
• Variant

Please take a look at the tests for more examples.
The tests are not fully complete, so this will be somewhat "experimental" still.

Checklist

• Unit and integration tests covering the common scenarios were added
• A human-readable description of the changes was provided to include in CHANGELOG
• For significant changes, documentation in https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs was updated with further explanations or tutorials

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
27 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
91.8% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud