yarn

A Go implementation of parts of Yarn Spinner 2.3.

The yarn package is a Go implementation of the Yarn Spinner 2.0 dialogue system. Given a compiled .yarn file (into the VM bytecode and string table) and DialogueHandler implementation, the VirtualMachine can execute the program as the original Yarn Spinner VM would, delivering lines, options, and commands to the handler.

Supported features

• ✅ All Yarn Spinner 2.0 machine opcodes, instruction forms, and standard functions.
• ✅ Custom functions, similar to the text/template package.
• ✅ Yarn Spinner CSV string tables.
• ✅ String substitutions (Hello, {0} - you're looking well!).
• ✅ select format function (Hey [select value={0} m="bro" f="sis" nb="doc"]).
• ✅ plural format function (That'll be [plural value={0} one="% dollar" other="% dollars"]).
• ✅ ordinal format function (You are currently [ordinal value={0} one="%st" two="%nd" few="%rd" other="%th"] in the queue).
  • ✅ ...including using Unicode CLDR for cardinal/ordinal form selection (en-AU not assumed!)
• ✅ Custom markup tags are also parsed, and rendered to an AttributedString.
• ✅ visited and visit_count
• ✅ Built-in functions like dice, round, and floor that are mentioned in the Yarn Spinner documentation.

Basic Usage

1. Compile your .yarn file. You can probably get the compiled output from a Unity project, or you can compile without using Unity with a tool like the Yarn Spinner Console:

   ysc compile Example.yarn

   This produces two files: the VM bytecode .yarnc, and a string table .csv.

2. Implement a DialogueHandler, which receives events from the VM. Here's an example that plays the dialogue on the terminal:

   type MyHandler struct{
       stringTable *yarn.StringTable
       // ... and your own fields ...
   }
   
   func (m *MyHandler) Line(line yarn.Line) error {
       // StringTable's Render turns the Line into a string, applying all the
       // substitutions and format functions that might be present.
       text, _ := m.stringTable.Render(line)
       fmt.Println(text)
       // You can block in here to give the player time to read the text.
       fmt.Println("\n\nPress ENTER to continue")
       fmt.Scanln()
       return nil
   }
   
   func (m *MyHandler) Options(opts []yarn.Option) (int, error) {
       fmt.Println("Choose:")
       for _, opt := range opts {
           text, _ := m.stringTable.Render(opt.Line)
           fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", opt.ID, text)
       }
       fmt.Print("Enter the number of your choice: ")
       var choice int
       fmt.Scanln(&choice)
       return choice, nil
   }
   
   // ... and also the other methods.
   // Alternatively you can embed yarn.FakeDialogueHandler in your handler.

3. Load the two files, your DialogueHandler, a VariableStorage, and any custom functions, into a VirtualMachine, and then pass the name of the first node to Run:

   package main
   
   import "github.com/DrJosh9000/yarn"
   
   func main() {
       // Load the files (error handling omitted for brevity):
       program, stringTable, _ := yarn.LoadFiles("Example.yarn.yarnc", "en-AU")
   
       // Set up your DialogueHandler and the VirtualMachine:
       myHandler := &MyHandler{
           stringTable: stringTable,
       }
       vm := &yarn.VirtualMachine{
           Program: program,
           Handler: myHandler,
           Vars:    yarn.NewMapVariableStorage(), // or your own VariableStorage implementation
           FuncMap: yarn.FuncMap{ // this is optional
               "last_value": func(x ...any) any {
                   return x[len(x)-1]
               },
               // or your own custom functions!
           }
       }
   
       // Run the VirtualMachine starting with the Start node!
       vm.Run("Start")
   }

See cmd/yarnrunner.go for a complete example.

Async usage

To avoid the VM delivering the lines, options, and commands all at once, your DialogueHandler implementation is allowed to block execution of the VM goroutine - for example, using a channel operation.

However, in a typical game, each line or option would be associated with two distinct operations: showing the line/option to the player, and hiding it later on in response to user input.

To make this easier, AsyncAdapter can handle blocking the VM for you.

sequenceDiagram
  yarn.VirtualMachine->>+yarn.AsyncAdapter: Line
  yarn.AsyncAdapter->>+myHandler: Line
  myHandler->>-gameEngine: showDialogue
  Note right of myHandler: (time passes)
  gameEngine->>+myHandler: Update
  myHandler->>gameEngine: hideDialogue
  myHandler->>-yarn.AsyncAdapter: Go
  yarn.AsyncAdapter-->>-yarn.VirtualMachine: (return)

Loading

Use AsyncAdapter as the VirtualMachine.Handler, and create the AsyncAdapter with an AsyncDialogueHandler:

// MyHandler should now implement yarn.AsyncDialogueHandler.
type MyHandler struct {
    stringTable *yarn.StringTable

    dialogueDisplay Component

    // Maintain a reference to the AsyncAdapter in order to call Go on it
    // in response to user input.
    // (It doesn't have to be stored in the handler, there are probably better
    // places in a real project. This is just an example.)
    asyncAdapter *yarn.AsyncAdapter
}

// Line is called by AsyncAdapter from the goroutine running VirtualMachine.Run.
// The AsyncAdapter pauses the VM.
func (m *MyHandler) Line(line yarn.Line) {
    text, _ := m.stringTable.Render(line)
    m.dialogueDisplay.Show(text)
}

// Update is called on every tick by the game engine, which is a separate
// goroutine to the one the Yarn virtual machine is running in.
func (m *MyHandler) Update() error {
    //...

    if m.dialogueDisplay.Visible() && inpututil.IsKeyJustPressed(ebiten.KeyEnter) {
        // Hide the dialogue display.
        m.dialogueDisplay.Hide()

        // Calling AsyncAdapter.Go un-pauses the VM.
        m.asyncAdapter.Go()
    }
    //...
}

// --- Setup ---

myHandler := &MyHandler{}
myHandler.asyncAdapter = yarn.NewAsyncAdapter(myHandler)

vm := &yarn.VirtualMachine{
    Program: program,
    Handler: myHandler.asyncAdapter,
    ...
}

Usage notes

Note that using an earlier Yarn Spinner compiler will result in some unusual behaviour when compiling Yarn files with newer features. For example, with v1.0 <<jump ...>> may be compiled as a command. Your implementation of Command may implement jump by calling the SetNode VM method.

If you need the tags for a node, you can read these from the Node protobuf message directly. Source text of a rawText node can be looked up manually:

prog, st, _ := yarn.LoadFiles("testdata/Example.yarn.yarnc", "en")
node := prog.Nodes["LearnMore"]
// Tags for the LearnMore node:
fmt.Println(node.Tags)
// Source text string ID:
fmt.Println(node.SourceTextStringID)
// Source text is in the string table:
fmt.Println(st.Table[node.SourceTextStringID].Text)

Licence

This project is available under the Apache 2.0 license. See the LICENSE file for more information.

The bytecode and testdata directories contains files or derivative works from Yarn Spinner. See bytecode/README.md and testdata/README.md for more information.