Liaison

Liaison is a simple library with 0 dependencies that enables easy, secure communication between a browser window and embedded iframes, using the browser postMessage API.

The window.postMessage() method safely enables cross-origin communication between Window objects; e.g., between a page and a pop-up that it spawned, or between a page and an iframe embedded within it.

Use Case

The postMessage API allows for easy cross-origin resource sharing between windows and embedded applications, however you still need to:

• Manually create event listeners that listen for MessageEvents from specific origins
• Manage removal of event listeners where necessary - such as in React applications, where you need to ensure that they are removed when a component is unmounted
• Define an API contract between window and iframe code that can be used to reliably transmit data across applications
  • This is especially difficult if you only have control over one application's code

liaison makes it easy to just define who you expect to receive messages from, and how you want these messages to be handled when they occur without needing to worry about all of the other implementation details around using the postMessage API.

Examples

Authentication

Often times the user using the parent window application will be associated in some way to the user using the embedded application, so it's helpful to have some sort of mechanism that allows information about the user to be shared across these applications. This could be anything from metadata about the user, or authorization tokens allowing the embedded application to authenticate with some external API on behalf of that user.

Events

When you want some event to occur in one application as a result of something happening in the other. An example could be that when an application is loaded in an iframe, you want it to request the parent application for the authorization token belonging to the user using the parent window application. You could use liaison to dispatch a MessageEvent to the parent window that will result in the authorization token being sent back to the iframe application.

ParentContact Model

The ParentContract model is used to define functions (Effects) that can be run in the parent application whenever the iframe application requests they be run.

IFrameContract Model

The IFrameContract model is used to define functions (Effects) that can be run the iframe application whenever the parent application requests they be run.

Effects

An Effect is a function defined on one model, that the the other model can request be called at anytime. These functions can be synchronous or asynchronous.

// In the iframe application code, we use the "IFrameContract" class to:
// - initialize event listeners for any MessageEvents that come from the parent window with an origin of "https://my-application.com"
// - get a reference to a callback function, "cb" so we can dispatch MessageEvents to the parent window with an origin of "https://my-application.com"
const { cb: callParentEffect } = new IFrameContract({
  targetOrigin: 'https://my-application.com',
  effects: {
    onParentLogout: () => {
      setUser(null);
    }
  }
})

// Here we are defining a function that, when called, will update the internal state of the iframe application, as well as notify the parent application that the user has logged out in the iframe
function logout() {
  setUser(null);
  callParentEffect({
    name: 'onIFrameLogout'
  })
}

// In the parent application code, we use the "ParentContract" class to:
// - initialize event listeners for any MessageEvents that come from the iframe window with an id of "my-embedded-iframe" and origin of "https://my-iframe-application.com"
// - get a reference to a callback function, "cb" so we can dispatch MessageEvents to this iframe application

const { cb: callIFrameEffect } = new ParentContract({
    iframeId: 'my-embedded-iframe',
    iframeSrc: 'https://my-iframe-application.com',
    effects: {
      onIFrameLogout: () => {
        setUser(null)
      },
    }
});

function login() {
  callIFrameEffect({
    name: 'onParentLogin',
    args: {
      email: '[email protected]'
    }
  })
}

function logout() {
  callIFrameEffect({
    name: 'onParentLogout',
    args: {}
  })
}

Message Handling (Signals)

When the parent window receives a MessageEvent, the Parent model checks if:

• If the MessageEvent has an origin exactly matching src.
  • If the message has any other origin than src, it is completely ignored.
• If the origin matches src, the Parent model checks to ensure that the data passed in the MessageEvent matches the expected API (i.e., contains a Signal)
• If the MessageEvent contains a Signal, this Signal is then used to call a corresponding Effect on the IFrame model.