Click to expand!
- Author : who creates the file-
Commit : who update/delete the file but not create.
-
Pull : getting file, Data from server into our System/Locally
-
Push : Send/Tranfer My file/Data to main server or main Presental Location/Server/Repo.
Click to expand!
## What is GitClick to expand!
Git is a free, open-source version control software. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005. -This tool is a version control system that was initially developed to work with several developers on the Linux kernel. -It takes Snapshot of the changes.Click to expand!
Centralized and DistributedCons: Only One Repo available for everyone, If you change anything that will affect the whole repo, No any personal old cahange record.
Pros: -Every one can clone main Repo, That clones repo, makes his/her own personal repo. When he want to do any chanage in the local repo, that change will not affact main/prasental repo with permit the Ower of the presental repo. -Having all his/her personal old cahange record. -Everyone having Whole project that he cloned.
Available tools for mangesning free Git use : Github, GitLab, GitBucket
Click to expand!
It takes the snapshoot of the changes. like a photo shoot
CheckSum is a techqun to see our data tranfer protected or un protected. Every Data/File having own diffrent CheckSum in the form of String.
Click to expand!
Click to expand!
INSTALLATION & GUISWith platform specific installers for Git, GitHub also provides the ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day interaction, review, and repository synchronization.
Visit offical site: https://git-scm.com/downloads
GitHub for Windows
htps://windows.github.com
GitHub for Mac
htps://mac.github.com
For Linux and Solaris platforms, the latest release is available on
the official Git web site.
Git for All Platforms
htp://git-scm.com
If you already have Git installed, you can get the latest development version via Git itself:
git clone https://github.com/git/git
Click to expand!
Configuring user information used across all local repositories
git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”
set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history
git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”
set an email address that will be associated with each history marker
git config --global color.ui auto
set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
Click to expand!
### i // used for insert ### Esc // exite from typing area, come from command area ### :wq // to save the changes in vim ## Quick CommandsClick to expand!
### q // exit from commands ### rm -rf .git // used to delete the repo. ### git log -p // see the logs with the change in content * ### git log -p -3 // see the logs with only 3 top commits diit in content * ### git log --stat // see the oeverview of commits in summary * ### git log --pretty=oneline // to see the all commits title * ### git log --pretty=oneline // to see the all commits title with author. ### git log --since=2.days // to see the commits of 2 days before * ### git log --since=2.weeks // to see the commits of 2 week before * ### git log --since=2.months // to see the commits of 2 months before * ### git log --since=2.years // to see the commits of 2 years before * ### git log --pretty=formate:"%an -- %ae // to see the all author with his/her Hass "%an= author name and %ae = author email ### git log --pretty=formate:"%h -- %an // to see the all author with his/her Hass "%h= hass and %an = authorname for more log commands visit : git-scm.com/docs/git-logClick to expand!
## STAGE & SNAPSHOT cmdClick to expand!
Git Status
// is used to check the sitution of the repo. or workload.
Git init
// is used to initialized/create repo. of your folder in '.git' hidden folder.
Git add --a OR Git add . OR Git add FileName.Txt
// is used to add the file from Working Directory to Stagging Area
Git commit -m "Commit Title"
// used to commit your changes, or to send files from Stagging Area to Repo.
Git log
// to see the all changes detial, Who had, DateTime, UserName....
Click to expand!
How to implement git in our project.
-
Open Git Bash in your working Dir. using Right click on the folder and select Git Bash.
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
its means there is no any git initialized.
-
type
git init -
output
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Learn/Git/.git/
now your working directory have a git file.
- type
git status& hit the enter
-output (I have 4 file in my demo project)
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
ExcleFile.xlsx
NoteFile.txt
WordFile.docx
new%file.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
-
type
git add .& hit the enter // if you want to add all file or spacific you can use.Or--aORNoteFile.txt -
type
git status& hit the enter
output
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: ExcleFile.xlsx
new file: NoteFile.txt
new file: WordFile.docx
new file: new%file.txt
Color Diffrance Red to Green (Red means Your file is tracking not in Stagging area. or Unmodify & Green Means you file is add into Stagging area with Modiifide)
-
type
git commit -m "First Commit"& hit the enter -
output
[master (root-commit) 9c6946c] first Commit
4 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 ExcleFile.xlsx
create mode 100644 NoteFile.txt
create mode 100644 WordFile.docx
create mode 100644 new%file.txt
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
Congrats you have successfully implement git in your project.
-
type
git log& hit the enter -
output
Author: Dushyant Singh <[email protected]>
Date: Fri Aug 27 03:38:59 2021 +0530
first Commit
XXXXXXXXX End of Praticle XXXXXXXXX
Click to expand!
Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files
logs/
*.notes
pattern*/
Save a file with desired paterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs.
git config --global core.excludesfile [file]
system wide ignore pattern for all local repositories
Click to expand!
How to implement .gitignore in our git project.
-
Open Git Bash in your working Dir. using Right click on the folder and select Git Bash.
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
its means there is no any git initialized.
-
type
git init -
output
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Learn/Git/.git/
now your working directory have a git file.
- type
git status& hit the enter
-output (I have 4 file in my demo project)
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
ExcleFile.xlsx
NoteFile.txt
WordFile.docx
new%file.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
touch system.log // this command is used to create a file
git status
output
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
system.log
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
touch .gitignore // this command is used to create a .gitignore file
git status
output
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
system.log
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
-Open .gitignore file in any text editior and type the file or dir name
- as file name :
system.log - as dir name :
dir_name/ - as a extension :
*.log
-if you want to track only one dir.
- as sub dir :
/dir/ - as dir :
assets/dir/& save the file
git status
output
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
-
type
git add .& hit the enter // if you want to add all file or spacific you can use.Or--aORNoteFile.txt -
type
git status& hit the enter
output
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
new file: .gitignore
Color Diffrance Red to Green (Red means Your file is tracking not in Stagging area. or Unmodify & Green Means you file is add into Stagging area with Modiifide)
-
type
git commit -m "First Commit"& hit the enter -
output
$ git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) 90899bd] first commit
5 files changed, 283 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 .gitignore
create mode 100644 ExcleFile.xlsx
create mode 100644 NoteFile.txt
create mode 100644 WordFile.docx
create mode 100644 new%file.txt
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
Congrats you have successfully implemented .gitignore in your git project.
-
type
git log& hit the enter -
output
commit 90899bd4d21271b67f75743c5d17e9e11b5fcfa5 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Dushyant Singh <[email protected]>
Date: Fri Aug 27 18:12:17 2021 +0530
first commit
XXXXXXXXX End of Praticle XXXXXXXXX
Click to expand!
git diff
diff of what is changed but not staged OR see diff between tracked and staged
git diff --staged
diff of what is staged but not yet committed OR see diff between staged and committed
Click to expand!
How to implement .diff in our git project.
-
Open Git Bash in your working Dir. using Right click on the folder and select Git Bash.
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
its means there is no any git initialized.
-
type
git init -
output
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Learn/Git/.git/
now your working directory have a git file.
- type
git status& hit the enter
-output (I have 4 file in my demo project)
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
ExcleFile.xlsx
WordFile.docx
new%file.txt
system.log
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
-
type
git add .& hit the enter // if you want to add all file or spacific you can use.Or--aORNoteFile.txt -
type
git status& hit the enter
output
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: .gitignore
new file: ExcleFile.xlsx
new file: WordFile.docx
new file: new%file.txt
new file: system.log
-
type
git commit -m "First Commit"& hit the enter -
output
[master (root-commit) 326e677] First Commit
5 files changed, 191 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 .gitignore
create mode 100644 ExcleFile.xlsx
create mode 100644 NoteFile.txt
create mode 100644 WordFile.docx
create mode 100644 new%file.txt
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
git status
output
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
Do some changes in any file, In my case, I want to do some chnge in the file NewFile.txt.
-Now, Open File "NewFile.txt" in any TextEditor.
- I'm writing "This file content has been changed!!. " and save the file.
git diff & hit the enter
output
diff --git a/NoteFile.txt b/NoteFile.txt
index 6c229d8..f88df25 100644
--- a/NoteFile.txt
+++ b/NoteFile.txt
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ dUSHYANTsINGH
-My First Name is Dushyant
+My Full Name is Dushyant Singh
--- a/NoteFile.txt means something has been deleted in the file
+++ b/NoteFile.txt means something has been added in the file
-My First Name is Dushyant Minus(-) sign denote delete, so this line has been deleted in the file First
+My Full Name is Dushyant Singh plus(+) sign denote delete, so this line has been added in the file First
This diffracnes between Tracked and Staged file,
git diff --staged & hit the enter
output
Null output means there is no diffrance between staged and commited file.
git add . or your can give your perticulae file name git add NewFile.txt & hti the enter
See the diffrance before commiting
git diff --staged & hit the enter
output
diff --git a/NoteFile.txt b/NoteFile.txt
index f88df25..f464f91 100644
--- a/NoteFile.txt
+++ b/NoteFile.txt
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ dUSHYANTsINGH
-My First Name is Dushyant
+My Full Name is Dushyant Singh
--- a/NoteFile.txt means something has been deleted in the file
+++ b/NoteFile.txt means something has been added in the file
-My First Name is Dushyant Minus(-) sign denote delete, so this line has been deleted in the file First
+My Full Name is Dushyant Singh plus(+) sign denote delete, so this line has been added in the file First
git commit -m "Second commit" & hit the enter
output
[master decdf92] Second commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
xxxxxxxxxx END OF PRACTICE XXXXXXXXX
Unstages file, keeping the file changes
Click to expand!
Git -a -m "commit message” OR ``` Git -am "commit message" //Unstages file, keeping the file changes
Note: This command only used for already tracked file not for new untracked file. Once you need to track the file.
Click to expand!
How to implement commit changes with without stagging in our project.
-
Open Git Bash in your working Dir. using Right click on the folder and select Git Bash.
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
its means there is no any git initialized.
-
type
git init -
output
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Learn/Git/.git/
now your working directory have a git file.
- type
git status& hit the enter
-output (I have 4 file in my demo project)
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
ExcleFile.xlsx
NoteFile.txt
WordFile.docx
new%file.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
-
type
git add .& hit the enter // if you want to add all file or spacific you can use.Or--aORNoteFile.txt -
type
git status& hit the enter
output
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: .gitignore
new file: ExcleFile.xlsx
new file: NoteFile.txt
new file: WordFile.docx
new file: new%file.txt
Color Diffrance Red to Green (Red means Your file is tracking not in Stagging area. or Unmodify & Green Means you file is add into Stagging area with Modiifide)
-
type
git commit -m "First Commit"& hit the enter -
output
[master (root-commit) 9c6946c] first Commit
4 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 .gitignore
create mode 100644 ExcleFile.xlsx
create mode 100644 NoteFile.txt
create mode 100644 WordFile.docx
create mode 100644 new%file.txt
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
Do some changes in any file, In my case, I want to do some chnge in the file NewFile.txt.
-Now, Open File "NewFile.txt" in any TextEditor.
- I'm writing "This is Dushyant Singh." and save the file.
-
type
git -am "Second Commit& hit the enter -
output
[master b9241af] Second Commit
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
-
type
git status& hit the enter -
output
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
XXXXXXXXX End of Praticle XXXXXXXXX
Click to expand!
git mv [existing-path] [new-path]
// change an existing file path and stage the move
Click to expand!
git rm [existing-path]
// delete the file/dir
Click to expand!
git rm --cached [existing-path]
// untrack file after file added in .gitignore. the file has commited many time. this command is used to untrack the file from the git system.
Click to expand!
git log --amend
// used to do the merge in pervious commit with your new commit