cubix

A 2D esoteric language wrapped around the faces of a cube. Online interpreter, Code design helper

Basics

The first thing the interpreter does is remove whitespace, then figure out the smallest cube that the code will fit onto. The code is then padded with no-ops until all six sides are filled. That means that this "Hello, World!" program:

./v.o;@?/"!dlroW"S',u/"Hello"

is exactly the same as this one:

      . / v
      . o ;
      @ ? /
" ! d l r o W " S ' , u
/ " H e l l o " . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
      . . .
      . . .
      . . .

Then the code is run like a 2-dimensional language, except that the IP (instruction pointer) wraps around as if the code were on a cube.

Commands

Unless specified otherwise (with "pop" or "in place"), operators do not remove their operands from the stack.

I/O

• i - input the next char code. If none are left, pushes -1.
• I - scan through the input until the first match of /-?\d+/ is found, and push that integer. If none are left, pushes 0.
• A - input all remaining char codes. The first one will end up on top. EOF is marked as -1.
• o - output the current top-of-stack as a char code.
• O - output the current top-of-stack as a number.

Arithmetic

• ( - decrement the top item in place.
• ) - increment the top item in place.
• + - add the top two items.
• - - subtract the top two items.
• * - multiply the top two items.
• P - push the top item to the (second item)th power.
• , - integer divide the top two items, rounding toward negative infinity.
• % - take modulo of the top two items.
• & - pop two integers, concatenate their digits, and push the result as an int.
• n - negate the top item in place.
• ~ - take bitwise NOT of the top item in place.
• a - take bitwise AND of the top two items.
• b - take bitwise OR of the top two items.
• c - take bitwise XOR of the top two items.

Stack manipulation

• : - duplicate the top item.
• ; - pop/discard the top item.
• # - push the stack length.
• s - swap the top two items. [... 1 2] => [... 2 1]
• r - rotate the top three items. [... 0 1 2] => [... 2 0 1]
• q - send the top item to the bottom.
• p - bring the bottom item to the top.
• t - pop X, bring the Xth item to the top.
• B - reverse the stack.

Literals

• 0-9 - push that digit.
• ' - push the char code of the next char.
• " - start/end a string literal, performing ' on each item until the next ".
• N - push a newline, or 10.
• S - push a space, or 32.
• Q - push a quote, or 34.

Control flow

• . - no-op.
• / - flip the IP diagonally. E -> N; N -> E; S -> W; W -> S
• \ - flip the IP diagonally. W -> N; N -> W; S -> E; E -> S
• | - flip the IP horizontally. E -> W; W -> E
• _ - flip the IP vertically. N -> S; S -> N
• T - turn the IP around. N -> S; S -> N; E -> W; W -> E
• > - point the IP east.
• v - point the IP south.
• < - point the IP west.
• ^ - point the IP north.
• D - point the IP in a random direction.
• L - turn the IP left (90° counter-clockwise).
• R - turn the IP right (90° clockwise).
• U - "U-turn" the IP to the left (90° counter-clockwise twice).
• u - "U-turn" the IP to the right (90° clockwise twice).
• W - "sidestep" the IP to the left (90° counter-clockwise) before continuing on in the original direction.
• w - "sidestep" the IP to the right (90° clockwise) before continuing on in the original direction.
• $ - skip the next instruction.
• ! - if the top item is truthy, skip the next instruction.
• ? - if the top item is less than zero, turn left; if it's more than zero, turn right; otherwise, continue straight.
• @ - end the program.

Example programs

All of these programs and more can be found in the interpreter itself.

Hello, World!

./v.o;@?/"!dlroW"S',u/"Hello"

Obviously no input is needed. Net form:

      . / v
      . o ;
      @ ? /
" ! d l r o W " S ' , u
/ " H e l l o " . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
      . . .
      . . .
      . . .

Primality test

%@\?I:u;>O/)((./0\)?/

Input is the number to test. Net form:

    % @
    \ ?
I : u ; > O / )
( ( . / 0 \ ) ?
    / .
    . .

cat

@_i?o

Input the string to be output. Net form:

  @
_ i ? o
  .

Truth machine

!I\@O

Input 0 or 1. Net form:

  !
I \ @ O
  .