Add invokelatest barrier to string(...) in @assert (#55739)

This change protects `@assert` from invalidations to `Base.string(...)`
by adding an `invokelatest` barrier.

A common source of invalidations right now is `print(io,
join(args...))`. The problem is:
1. Inference concludes that `join(::Any...)` returns
`Union{String,AnnotatedString}`
2. The `print` call is union-split to `String` and `AnnotatedString`
3. This code is now invalidated when StyledStrings defines `print(io,
::AnnotatedString)`

The invalidation chain for `@assert` is similar: ` @Assert 1 == 1` calls
into `string(::Expr)` which calls into `print(io, join(args::Any...))`.
Unfortunately that leads to the invalidation of almost all `@assert`s
without an explicit error message

Similar to
#55583 (comment)

(cherry picked from commit 945517b)

base/error.jl

@@ -223,14 +223,14 @@ macro assert(ex, msgs...)
         msg = msg # pass-through
     elseif !isempty(msgs) && (isa(msg, Expr) || isa(msg, Symbol))
         # message is an expression needing evaluating
-        msg = :(Main.Base.string($(esc(msg))))
+        msg = :(Main.Base.invokelatest(Main.Base.string, $(esc(msg))))
     elseif isdefined(Main, :Base) && isdefined(Main.Base, :string) && applicable(Main.Base.string, msg)
         msg = Main.Base.string(msg)
     else
         # string() might not be defined during bootstrap
         msg = quote
             msg = $(Expr(:quote,msg))
-            isdefined(Main, :Base) ? Main.Base.string(msg) :
+            isdefined(Main, :Base) ? Main.Base.invokelatest(Main.Base.string, msg) :
                 (Core.println(msg); "Error during bootstrap. See stdout.")
         end
     end